• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate determinent factors of the internet addiction that have influenced on middle school students. We randomly selected each one middle school in urban and rural areas, and conducted survey in 862 students of 2nd and 3rd grade from September 1 to 15, 2005. By using a statistical program called SPSS10.0, the data collected thereby were analyzed through a series of statistical methods including $x^2$-test, logistic regression analysis. The result of logistic regression analysis showed that the significant variables in urban area were resting time and using time a day. In rural area, sex, economic level, resting time and using time a day were significant variables. Higher status of internet addiction showed significant relationship with physical problems, anxiety, maladjustment to school, insufficient sleep time, fatigue in eyes, headache, pain in neck or shoulder, chronic fatigue, reduced vision, weight reduction, indigestion, xeroderma and adjustment to school. Especially, resting time and using time a day have dominant influence on internet addiction. And in case that the groups who showed high addiction tendency, there were negative health problem by physical, mental and social problem. To prevent internet addiction health education programs of right internet use and time, importance of rest, and health problems must be considered in internet addiction prevention policy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.862-871
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• 2002

We investigated elementary students' conceptions of the simple electric circuit using a battery, a bulb and a wire, and made comparison between the cognitive conflict through peer discussion and the cognitive conflict through physical experience. Two hundred and sixty-four sixth grade students who already had learned about the electric circuit were participated. The questionnaire to investigate the student's conceptions about simple electric circuit consisted of 5 items drawing the wire connections between a battery and a bulb to light the bulb. The students in the discussion group paired randomly with student who had different conceptions, and then each pairs discussed about their ideas freely with each other. After discussion they conducted CCLT(Cognitive Conflict Level Test) which consisted of 4 factors; recognition, interest, anxiety, reappraisal. The physical experience group conducted a task in which they connected a battery and a bulb with a wire, then conducted CCLT. The sixth graders had various misconceptions. Most students were not aware of the scope of negative battery terminal and two electric terminals of a bulb. Many students emphasized the tip of a bulb and positive battery terminal. The score of CCLT in the discussion group was higher than in the physical experience group. This results showed that discussion with peers was more effective than physical experience to arouse cognitive conflict.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.192-217
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• 2001

Object：This study was carried out to classify adolescents in runaway shelters by evaluating their psychopathology. And the ultimate purpose is to offer basic data for preventing adolescents‘ runaway and for diversifying runaway shelters suitable for the problem of individual adolescent. Method：128 adolescents who stay in the runaway shelters were asked to complete self-report qeustionnaires including basic sociodemographic data, Child Behavior Check List(CBCL), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), and Symptom Check List-90-Revised(SCL-90-R). Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS)[or Korean Educational Developmental Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC)] and Bender-Gestalt test(BGT) were also done by clinical psychologists. Results：The most common age of the subjects were 15-year-old, and they dropped out their schools in the middle school most commonly. Mostly they were from middle class family and their parents' educational level were high school graduates. The first runaway episode was most common in the middleschool period, and their runaways were repeated. The most common frequency of runaways were more than 10 times. About 10% of them abused drugs and about 80% of them abused alcohol. One third of them had experiences of illegal problems and 10% of them engaged in sexual activity for money. 95 adolescents(83%) in CBCL, 42 adolescents(36%) in SCL-90-R, and 70 adolescents(69.3%) in MMPI showed clinical significance. In intelligence test, 22 adolescents(22%) were mentally retarded. In BGT, 35 adolescents(39.4%) manifested brain dysfunction signs. Conclusion：Runaway adolescents in the shelters have variable and severe psychopathology. Their psychopathology is classified as follows；The behavior disorder group, the mood disorder group with anxiety/depression, the somatic disorder group with somatic symptoms, and the psychosis group with possibility of severe psychopathology. Therefore it is very important to evaluate psychiatric problems of runaway adolescents, and specific therapeutic interventions according to their problems are required.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

Objectives: This paper introduces need and supply level of rural mental health care service and especially focuses on the evaluation for the community mental health programs of Public Health Centers(PHCs) in rural areas as the facilities for primary mental health care. Methods: We defined the need as prevalance rate and service utilization rate, for which reviewed the results of the epidemiological study of mental disorders using Korean Composite International Diagnostic Interview surveyed on a nationwide scale in 2001. Supply was appraised in terms of psychiatric beds and primary mental heath care facilities such as private psychiatric clinics, facilities for social rehabilitation, PHCs running community mental health programs. For this, we reveiwed a variety of annual reports related mental health published by Ministry of Health and Welfare. To evaluate the community mental health programs of PHCs in rural areas, we selected. randomly samples out of the 3rd community health plans including the contents of community mental health programs, which submitted by 89 rural counties and 44 cities mixed with rural areas, and used the program's guideline established by central government as a standard. Results: Prevalence rates of major psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, alcoholism, major depression, anxiety disorder were higher in rural area than in urban area and 8.9% of psychiatric patients in both areas stayed at homes contacted with mental health manpower more than one time during the last year. Psychiatric beds were sufficiently supplied, but urban area had less beds than rural area contrary to general health care service. Psychiatric clinics were supplied very insufficiently in rural areas and PHCs bridged the gap instead. However rural PHCs got less financial support for community mental health programs from higher positioned agencies than urban PHCs. Rural community health programs not supported hardly worked out. Conclusions: Central government should consider a special policy for rural primary mental health care, because private psychiatric clinics can't be introduced in rural areas due to demand-deficiency and the financial independence of rural counties was very vulnerable.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.518-535
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• 2001

Nursing practices should be based on the understanding of human beings. In order to understand human beings, it is important to study the lifestyles and thoughts of people in their natural environment. In this sense, the cultural aspects of a society need to be studied for a culture-bound nursing service. Child care, which is an important element of nursing, is also strongly influenced by the culture of a society. Therefore, a cultural study is necessary to understand the child-rearing practices of any society. The major purpose of this dissertation is to provide basic foundations for developing a culture-based theory for nursing intervention through studying traditional cultural elements of child care in Korean society. The study examined child-rearing practices in a small village on Koje Island in the southern part of Korea. It utilized ethnographic methodologies including participatory observations and in-depth interviews. The study participants were 9 Korean mothers living on Koje Island. The average age was 52. The data were collected between July in 1998 and December in 1999. The average number of interviews per person was 7-8, and the duration of each interview was approximately 2 hours. The data were analyzed using the Spradley Analytical Method. The following 9 major child-rearing aspects of mothers on Koje Island were discovered as a result of the study: 1. Firstly, mothers on Koje Island were mostly concerned about the "Old Birth Goddess' Curse", especially during their child's early years. This concern was evidenced by their careful behavior when their child was very young and by their praying to the Old Birth Goddess not to be jealous of their babies. 2. Secondly, they wished their children to live a different and better life than themselves. It was represented by their strong motivation toward their children's education as well as their expectation for their children's success. In traditional Korean culture, Korean people think that the rise and fall of the household depend on their offsprings. Therefore, Korean mothers wish their children attain to a higher level of social status through education. 3. Third, mothers are concerned about their children's righteousness. Mothers on Koje island expect their children to live with discretion, justice, strength, respect, harmony, and to do their best in life. 4. Next was an 'anticipation of their children's happy marriage'. The attributes of this category were an 'anxiety about their children's married life', and 'an expectation of a good spouse for their children'. Because Korean people believe that only a son can continue the bloodline of a family, especially Korean mothers have a great concern of the possibility of their daughters not having a son after marriage. Also they have different expectations toward their daughter-in-laws than son-in-laws. 5. Korean mothers also derived their satisfaction from their son. It was characterized by 'excessive affection toward their son', 'dependency on their son', and 'being afraid of their married daughter having a girl like themselves'. Korean society has been a patriarchy. Therefore, a son is beloved as someone who will take care of his old parents, be in charge of ancestral rites, and provide a daughter-in-law who can conceive a son. 6. The sixth category concerned 'the differences in their expectations for their children'. The attributes in this category were 'different expectations depending on their children's gender', 'different expectations depending on their children's ability', and a 'great sympathy toward children with low abilities'. Korean mothers expect their son to become better than their daughter. 7. The seventh category was related to their 'roles in child-caring practices'. Traditionally a child was raised in an extended family system in Korea So it was not the sole duty of a mother to bring up the child. Korean mothers used to receive much help rasing children from their in-laws, and family members. On the other hand, many children grew up by themselves, because their mothers were very busy taking care of housework. Furthermore, many children also grew up in poverty. 8. Mothers also had issues related to 'conflicts in child rearing'. They were characterized by 'lack of understanding', 'rudeness of children', and 'giving vent to one's anger'. 9. Finally, mothers regretted not doing their best in child-rearing practices. It was characterized by a 'bitter feeling of repentance', 'feeling irritated', and 'feeling of unsatisfaction'.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-81
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of life of musically talented students as measured by their external experiences (e.g., activities, companions) and internal experiences (e.g., flow, emotion). The participants in this study were 33 musically talented students (10 males, 23 females) aged 13 to 19. Study data were collected for 7 consecutive days using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), which employs a cellular-phone as a signaling device. The results were as follows: First, in response to the 1625 random signals, musically talented students reported that 40.9% of their time was spent on productive activities. An additional 33.4% of time was used for maintenance activities and the rest of their time was spent on leisure/social activities. Also, musically talented students reported that 48.5% of their time was spent alone. When they were alone, they spent a lot of time engaging in productive activities (44.3%). Second, in order to measure the flow of their life, two methods were used. One used a 4-channel flow model (i.e. apathy, boredom, flow, anxiety) and the other used 8 dimensions and conditions of the flow experience (i.e. concentration, self-consciousness disappears, action and awareness merge, distorted sense of time, freedom from worry about failure, clear goals, immediate feedback, balance between challenges and skills). According to the former, when engaged in music-related activities, musically talented students usually reported flow (54.0%), while they felt apathy (41.3%) for daily routines activities. According to the latter method, musically talented students experienced flow for most productive activities, while they experienced flow least for maintenance activities. Emotional variables of ESF are comprised of 10 semantic scales (i.e. happy-sad, strong-weak, active-passive, sociablelonely, proud-ashamed, involved-detached, excited-bored, clear-confused, relaxed-worried, cooperative-competitive). Musically talented students reported experiencing the most positive emotion for social activities and experiencing the most negative emotion for maintenance activities. Results of this study assert that musically talented students had to trade off immediate enjoyment for developing their special gifts. They could not afford as much time for socializing with friends, and they had to spend more time alone compared to their peers without such gifts. Consequently, they were found to deprive themselves of the spontaneous good times that teenagers usually thrive on. They were helped in this respect by their autotelic personality traits, especially their strong need for achievement and endurance. The downside, however, is that the moment-to-moment quality of their moods suffered. The argument concerning musically talented students applies for all adolescents. The choices that talented students must make between immediate gratification and long-term development, and between solitude and companionship, are the same choices every young person must make, regardless of her or his level of talent. All of us have gifts that are potentially useful and worthy of being appreciated. But to develop these latent talents we must cultivate them, and this takes time and the investment of mental energy. The lifestyle that musically talented students develop can show us some of the choices all of us must make in order to cultivate our gifts.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

This research was to study the behavior of listening music, music preference, meaning and role of music. The interviewees were 158 male/female students of high school in second level. This research had a interview which is composed with 7 multiple choice-questions and 1 short answer-question. In result, in the question of 'The average time of listening music', the most students(64, 41.8%) answered '1~2hours', the secondary, '2~3hours' which was 32.(20.9%) In the next question, 'The preference of music genre', 87students(56.8%) answered 'Korean pop and rock', 'American pop' was 11.1% each. Regarding 'The favorite mood of music', 50.3% of students answered 'Mellow songs, 24.8% of students answered 'Jaunty songs'. Regarding 'The social factor of listening music', more than half students(56.7%) agreed that friends or something like that may affect their music preference. Likewise, 51.6% agreed that their temper or character may affect their music preference. They answered that they enjoy the music usually when they take a rest(30.1%), when in moving(24.3%). Lastly, it said 'The meaning of music' is mostly 'Getting rid of stress and Refresh'(25.1%). And 'Calmness', 'Comfort' was 21.8%. The music especially to students means 'Emotional exit'. The music which can enable them to express their feelings is related with feeling and emotion deeply. And emotional factors like stress, depression, anxiety becomes the main reason of accepting the music meaningfully. In conclusion, This research says that they experience positive feelings and express emotions through music which enables them to understand fully their feelings and emotions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

The study discovers mood state and enhancement effect of users by scenery of location targeting Seonyudo Park; where is widely recognized as the representative recycling environmental park as well as theme experience space and scenery admiration in Korea. Also, the influence level of park and thematic space upon wellness was researched for future park design and its base data. As a result of semantic differential(SD), the most items showed low point in positive way when people admiring the scenery in Seonyudo. Also, a subject experienced differently depending on each inside scenery element of the park. As a result of profile of mood states(POMS), a tension and anxiety points were shown in order of Urban (7.78) > Water Purification Basin(3.33) > Gardens of Water Plants(2.11) > Garden of Green Pillar(2.00) > Garden of Time (0.89). The depression points were shown in order of Urban(4.94) > Water Purification Basin(3.50) > Garden of Green Pillar(2.94) > Garden of Time(1.61) > Gardens of Water Plants(1.38). The anger and hostility points were shown in order of Urban(4.22) > Water Purification Basin(3.33) > Garden of Green Pillar(2.22) > Garden of Time(1.39) > Gardens of Water Plants(1.11). The fatigue points were shown in order of Urban(6.5) > Water Purification Basin(3.39) > Garden of Green Pillar(2.78) > Garden of Time(2.28) > Gardens of Water Plants (2.06). The vigor points were shown in order of Gardens of Water Plants(11.39) > Garden of Time(11.00) > Garden of Green Pillar(8.39) > Water Purification Basin(7.77) > Urban(5.28). Also, as a result of statistics analysis, difference value of scenery type is significant. The result of total emotional disturbance(TED) was analyzed in order of Urban(24.5) > Water Purification Basin(9.5) > Garden of Green Pillar(4.67) > Garden of Time(-1.39) > Gardens of Water Plants(-1.22).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.189-201
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to survey guardian's opinion on assisting pediatric radiography and their level of awareness of radiation, improving the quality of pediatric radiography. In this study, the recognition was analyzed for 210 parents of child patients in Pusan National University Hospital from August 20 to September 15, 2013. A total of 66.2 percent of the respondents said they had participated in pediatric radiography in the past. The reason why they did is "Radiologist's request", the highest. According to the survey, 84.3 percent said they thought it is necessary to attending patient in pediatric radiography. "The stability of the child" is the reason for it. And respondents who thought there's no need to do that answered back, the reason for this is "Radiologist's work." There was a significant difference on the psychological state for the medical radiation by gender and child age. (p<0.05) In the analysis of recognition for the radiation, there was the significance by gender and education. (p<0.05) Regarding the awareness of the radiation protector, there was a statistical significance in age, gender, child age and education. (p<0.05) Considering the results, pediatric patient's guardians recognized that it is necessary to attend a child on X-ray for their child's stability and accurate exam above all. It must make guardians wear X-ray protector and radiologist should let the guardians recognize the X-ray examination method, before starting pediatric x-ray. It needs to improve the atmosphere of the examination room and to be considered to take visual and auditory approaches in comfort for reducing the children's fear and anxiety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4234-4243
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• 2010

Dementia such as poor concentration, anxiety and tension makes it hard to continue exercise in reality. For this, intermediate exercise is suggested in this study. And the study investigates the effects on senior fitness, cognitive function(MMSE-K) and daily living activity(ADL) by continuous exercise and intermittent exercise, which helps to provide proper exercise treatment to them. For this, female elderly patients at A dementia hospital in B Metropolitan city are selected and they have been diagnosed with possible Alzheimer's disease according to DSM-IV. Among them, six(6) are grouped for continuous exercise and five(5) for intermediate exercise, total 11 people are finally tested. They are given hand&foot exercise, Korean folk dance and band exercise three times a week for the total 12 weeks. The continuous exercise group does their exercise one time of 30 minutes a day while the intermediate exercise group for three times of each 10 minute a day. For the result, SPSS Ver. 18.0 is used to get mean value(M) and standard deviation(SD) and in order to verify the interaction effect between exercise group and time, two-way repeated ANOVA is applied and statistical significance level is set at .05. The result shows that there is significant difference in time between senior fitness and cognitive function. But there is no significant difference in group and time${\times}$group. And there is no significant difference in time, group and time${\times}$group for daily living activity. Continuous exercise group and intermediate exercise group both have the similar effects. That does not mean that intermediate exercise is the best for all people with dementia, but in terms of exercise time, intermittent exercise may be effective for patients of light dementia.