• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2004

To find the action mechanism of the MeOH extract (LFS) of Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis herbs (Compositae) and its active component, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQA) on antihepatotoxicity, the effect was investigated on hepatic lipid perxodation and drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in acetaminophen-treated rat. Pretreatment with 250 mg/kg LFS (p.o.) and 10 mg/kg DCQA (p.o.) significantly decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation caused by acetaminophen injection. Further, LFS and DCQA inhibited hepatic microsomal enzyme activation such as hepatic P-450 cytochrome $b_5$, aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase, suggesting that the two substances might effectively prevent the metabolic activation or scavenge electrophilic intermediates capable of causing hepatotoxicity. Both LFS and DCQA increased hepatic glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity, indicating that both resultantly prevented hepatotoxicity via antioxidative mechanism. Therefore, it was found that LFS had antihepatotoxicity based on the antioxidative action of DCQA.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2005

Streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발한 쥐에서 거대배아미의 급여가 혈장 및 간조직의 지질과산화물과 항산화효소에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험기간동안 모든 당뇨군들의 체중증가는 정상군에 비해서는 유의적으로 낮았다. 거대배아미를 급여한 군은 당뇨대조군에 비해서 체중감소현상이 억제되었으며, 식이섭취량은 정상군에 비해 당뇨대조군들이 높게 나타났다. 장기무게는 당뇨군이 당뇨대조군보다 높았으나 거대배아미를 포함한 쌀식이군에서는 낮게 나타났고, 혈당의 변화는 당뇨대조군에 비해서 거대배아미군이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 및 간조직 중의 지질과산화물은 당뇨대조군에 비해서 거대배아미가 낮은 수준의 지질과산화물 값을 보였다. 혈장중의 비타민 A와 E의 농도는 당뇨대조군이 정상군에 비해서 유의적으로 감소하였으며 당뇨대조군에 비해 거대배아미급여군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 간조직의 항산화 효소 중 SOD의 활성은 거대배아미군이 당뇨대조군에 비하여 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 거대배아미를 급여한 당뇨쥐의 낮은 지질과산화물값과 높은 항산화계 효소의 활성이 간조직의 산화적 손상을 감소시키는 원인으로 생각된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2012

대청의 이용성 향상을 위한 자료 확보 측면에서 식물체 부위 및 추출 용매별에 따른 항산화 효소 활성 및 항균효과를 조사하였다. APX(Ascorbate Peroxidase) 활성은 줄기의 에탄올 추출물, 잎의 메탄올 추출물, 잎의 증류수의 추출물 순으로 높아 각각 1601.7, 1133.7 및 524.3(Unit/mg protein)을 나타냈다. CAT(Catalase) 활성은 꽃의 에탄올 추출물, 잎의 메탄올 추출물, 꽃의 증류수 추출물 순으로 높았는데, 각각 177.1, 120.8 및 55.4(Unit/mg protein)를 나타냈다. POD(Ascorbate Peroxidase) 활성은 꽃의 에탄올 추출물, 꽃의 메탄올 추출물, 줄기의 증류수 추출물 순으로 높았으며, 각각 27.1, 14.6 및 10.4(Unit/mg protein)를 나타냈다. SOD(superoxide dismutase) 활성은 뿌리의 증류수 추출물, 꽃의 메탄올 추출물, 뿌리의 에탄올 추출물 순으로 높았으며, 각각 90.8, 80.1, 75.5%를 나타냈다. 대청의 꽃 추출물은 Vibrio parahaemolyticus에 대해서만, 뿌리는 Staphy lococcus aureus에 대해서만, 줄기 추출물은 Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphy lococcus aureus에 대해서만 용매에 관계없이 항균활성을 나타냈다. 특히 대청 잎의 증류수 추출물은 Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli에 대해 높은 항균활성을 나타내어 저해환 직경이 각각 30.0 및 24.0 mm이었다. 이와 같은 결과는 약용식물로서 대청의 가치가 높음을 시사해 주었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.844-851
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• 2002

Smoking can increase oxidative stress and thereby change the antioxidant defense system in the body. To investigate the relationship between male adolescent smoking and antioxidant status, we surveyed the eating habits and dietary intake of 82 smokers and 44 nonsmokers recruited from a male technical high school. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxide values were determined in both the plasma and the erythrocytes. Although the frequency of food intake was not significantly different, most nutrient intake was unexpectedly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. In comparison with the Korean RDA, especially the average intake of Ca, Fe and vitamin $B_2$ didn t reach 75% of the Korean RDA in either smokers or nonsmokers. An analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity showed that plasma catalase. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), erythrocyte catalase and GSH-px activities showed no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers. However, the erythrocyte SOD activity of smokers (1.57 unit/mgHb) was significantly lower than that of nonsmokers (2.00 unit/mg Hb). In addition, the plasma ceruloplasmin concentration of smokers (28.68 mg/$d\ell$) was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers (26.30 mg/$d\ell$), whereas the specific ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity of smokers (0.31 unit/mg) was lower than that of nonsmokers (0.35 unit/mg). The plasma and erythrocyte thlobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of smokers (2.57 $\mu$mol/L, 0.32 $\mu$mol/gHb) were also significantly higher than those of nonsmokers (2.25 $\mu$mol/L, 0.27 $\mu$mol/gHb). The overall data indicate that adolescent smoking might decrease the antioxidant capacity of the body, in part, by lowering the erythrocyte SOD activity and the specific ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effect of whole mandarin, peel, and pulp intake of Citrus unshiu Marc on the antioxidative capacity of 15-month-old rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 621.9 $\pm$ 10.1 g were separated into four groups according to body weight. The rats were raised with diets containing 5% (w/w) dried mandarin powder for four weeks. Three powders were used, consisting of mandarin peel, pulp, and the entire fruit. Total flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins and dietary fiber was highest in the mandarin peel powder, followed by the whole mandarin powder and the mandarin pulp. The body weight gains of the whole mandarin and mandarin pulp groups were higher, while that of the mandarin peel group was lower than that of the control group. Food intake and ratios of liver, kidney and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weights to body weight were not significantly different among the groups, but ratios of EFP weights per body weight of the experimental groups tended to be lower than that of the control animals. Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations decreased in all the mandarin groups compared to the control group. Plasma and liver xanthine oxidase (XO) activity decreased in all of the mandarin diet groups. Erythrocyte and liver SOD activity in all of experimental groups was not significantly different from the control group. Plasma vitamin A concentration increased significantly in all of the mandarin diet groups. That of the mandarin peel group was 4 times higher than that of the control group. Plasma total carotenoids and vitamin C level also increased in the mandarin peel group. Plasma vitamin I level was not significantly different among the groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.872-880
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Puerariae radix-ethanol extracts rich in isoflavone on the antio-xidative system of rats. For this purpose, first, Puerariae radix was extracted with ethanol, and its total isoflavone and puerarin contents were analysed. Second, female Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 6 weeks with four diets which were based on AIN96G diet and supplemented with Puerariae radix-ethanol extracts to contain isoflavone. The isoflavone contents of four experimental diets were 0 mg, 500 mg, 1,000 mg, 2,000 mg per kg diet, respectively (control, P0.05%,P0.1%, P0.2%). Liver and erythrocyte activities of antioxidative enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase,glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) were measured. Also, plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, liver glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were measured. The total isoflavone content of Puerariae radix-ethanol extract was 3067.6 mg per 100 g extract and the content of puerarin was 2557.4 mg per 100 g extract. The erythrocyte activities of GSH-Px and catalase were higher in group P0.1% and P0.2%. But SOD activity of erythocyte did not show any difference by the Puerariae radix-ethanol extract supplementation in diet. The activity of SOD in liver increased significantly by the supplementation of extract, showing highest level in P0.1% group. The liver GSH concentration increased significantly in group of P0.05%, P0.1%, and P0.2% compared with control group (p <0.05). The GSSG concentration in liver showed no difference by the supplementation of Puerariae radix extract from the control group, except P0.2% group. The plasma MDA concentration did not show any significant differences by the extract supplementation. But the liver MDA concentration decreased by the extract supplementation, showing the lowest level in P0.1 % diet group. These results suggest that the supplementation of Puerariae radix-ethanol extract can inhibit lipid peroxidation in liver and enhance the antioxidative defense competence of rats.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 1994

Adriamycin is a major cancer chemotherapeutic agent against a me range of human neoplasms. However, its clinical application is limited since It has a variety of side effects, bone marrow suppression and cardiotoxity, and this toxicity appears by free radical. This study investigated the effect of Ampelopsis radix on the toxicity of adriamycin. The methanol fraction reduced slightly adriamycin induced lipid peroxidation and superoxide production at the dose of 50mg /kg. 1.p., respectively. During the adriamycin administration. Protein bound-SH, nonprotein bound-SH, and glutathione-5-transferase did not change, but methanol fraction treated group were markedly increase. These results indicated that Ampelopsis radix has a major influence on the thiol group and related enzyme activity on the antioxidative effects.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2005

Flavonoids are class of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom, which display a variety of biological activities, including antiviral, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, antihistaminic, antioxidant and free-radica 1 scavenging abilities. The antioxidant enzyme (AOE) system plays an important role in the defense against oxidative stress insults. To determine whether flavonoid, myricetin can exert antioxidative effects not only directly by modulating the AOE system but also scavenging free radical, we investigated the influence of the flavonoid myricetin on cell viability, different antioxidant enzyme activities, ROS level and the expression of different antioxidant emzyme in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Myricetin in a concentration range from 6.25 to $50\;{\mu}M$ decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities, but catalase (CAT) activity was increased. In the myricetin-treated group, ROS levels were decreased dose-dependently. Antioxidant enzyme expression was measured by RT-PCR. Myricetin treatment of B16F10 cells increased catalase expression. Expression levels of copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) were not affected by exposure of myricetin. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) and GPx expression levels decreased slightly after myricetin treatment. In conclusion, the antioxidant capacity of myricetin was due to CAT and free-radical scavenging.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary green tea catechin and vitamin E on the phospholipse {TEX}$A_{2}${/TEX} activity and th antioxidative defense system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 gm were randomly assigned to one normal and five STZ-induced diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were assigned either a catechin-free diet (DM group), 0.5% catechin diet (DM-0.5C group), 1% catechin diet (DM-1C group), vitamin E-free diet (DM-0E group), and 400 mg vitamin E per kg diet (DM-400E group) according to the levels of dietary catechin or vitamin E supplementation. The vitamin E levels of the normal, DM, DM-0.5C, and DM-1C groups were 40 mg per kg diet. Diabetes was experimentally induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin after 4 weeks of feeding the five experimental diets. The animals were sacrificed on the 6th day of he diabetic state. The body weight gains were lower in all five diabetic groups after the STZ injection. The platelet phospholipase {TEX}$A_{2}${/TEX}({TEX}$PLA_{2}${/TEX}) activity in the diabetic groups was higher than that in the normal group. However, the enzyme activity in the DM-0.5C, DM-1C, and DM-400E groups was lower than that in the DM and DM-0E groups. The cytochrome {TEX}$P_{450}${/TEX} and cytochrome {TEX}$b_{5}${/TEX} content and NADPH-cytochrome {TEX}$P_{450}${/TEX} reductase activity were about 50~110% higher in the DM and DM-0E groups than in the normal group, yet significantly reduced by either catechin or vitamin E supplementation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in the liver did not differ significantly in any of the groups. However, the glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity was generally lower in the diabetic groups, compared with the normal group, whereas that of the DM-0.5C, DM-1C, and DM-400E groups was significantly higher compared with that of the DM and DM-0E groups. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver tissue were 148% and 201% higher in the DM and DM-0E groups, respectively, compared with the normal group, however, these levels were reduced by either catechin or vitamin E supplementation (DM-0.5, DM-1C and DM-400E). Accordingly, the present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited an imbalance between free radical generation and scavenger systems in the liver which led to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation. However, these abnormalities were reduced and the antioxidative defense system was restored by either dietary catechin or vitamin E supplementation. In conclusion, the effects of dietary catechin or vitamin E in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats would appear to inhibit lipid peroxidation as an anti-oxidant by regulating the activity of {TEX}$PLA_{2}${/TEX}.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 유산균을 이용하여 3종의 버섯(상황, 영지, 표고)을 단계적으로 발효하여 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. 항산화 활성이 밝혀진 표준 유산균 5종을 선발하여 버섯 열수 추출물의 1차 발효에, 임실 지역 김치로부터 분리한 유산균 1종을 최종 선발하여 2차 발효에 이용하였다. 버섯 추출물과 1차, 2차 발효물의 항산화 활성 평가를 위해 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 정도를 비교하였다. 버섯 추출물 및 발효물은 농도 의존적으로 라디칼을 소거하였지만 유산균 발효를 통하여 상황과 영지의 경우 라디칼 소거 활성이 감소하였다. 이는 발효 과정 중 폴리페놀 화합물과 비타민 C, E 등 천연 항산화 물질들의 산화에 기인한 결과라고 사료되었다. 그러나 발효 중 생산되는 대사산물 및 유효성분은 XO 효소의 활성을 저해시키고 SOD 효소의 활성을 증가시켰으며, 1차 발효보다 2차 발효에서 활성이 증가되었다. 특히 5 mg/mL 이상의 농도에서 영지 1차 발효물은 90% 이상 XO 효소의 활성을 저해하였으며, 상황 1차 발효물은 3배 이상의 SOD 효소 활성을 증가시켰다. 이는 유산균에 의한 버섯 발효물이 효소의 활성을 저해 혹은 활성화시켜 항산화에 기여하는 것으로 판단되었다.