• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

We evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effects of Oenothera laciniata methanol extract (OLME) in vitro by using melan-a cells. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of OLME was 66.3 and 19.0 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of OLME ($500{\mu}g/mL$) were 94.5%, 95.6%, and 63.6%, respectively. OLME and arbutin treatment at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased melanin content by 35.5% and 14.2%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). OLME and arbutin treatment at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited intra-cellular tyrosinase activity by 22.6% and 12.6%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). OLME ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly decreased tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M) mRNA expression by 57.1%, 67.3%, 99.0%, and 77.0%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). Arbutin ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly decreased tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 mRNA expression by 24.2%, 42.9%, and 48.5%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). However, arbutin ($50{\mu}g/mL$) did not affect MITF-M mRNA expression. Taken together, OLME showed a good antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effect in melan-a cells that was superior to that of arbutin, a well-known skin-whitening agent. The potential mechanism underlying the anti-melanogenic effect of OLME was inhibition of tyrosinase activity and down-regulation of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF-M mRNA expression.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2006

We investigated the antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging capacity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and superoxide radical scavenging capacity of the aqueous EtOH extract and its solvent fractions of Artemisia scoparia. The ethyl acetate fraction showed high antioxidant activity, compared to positive controls such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), trolox, and allopurinol in these assay systems. Moreover, we examined the inhibitory effect of solvent fractions of A. scoparia on the production of pro-inflammatory factors that the nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 $(PGE_2)$ production activated with LPS $(1{\mu}g/ml)$ in murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The amounts of protein levels were determined by immunoblottting. Tn the sequential fractions of hexane and dichloromethane inhibited the NO and $PGE_2$ production and the protein level of iNOS and COX-2. These results suggest that A. scoparia may have anti-inflammatory activity through the antioxidant activity and inhibition of pro-inflammatory factors.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2004

본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 참당귀추출물 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 열수추출물의 free radical소거 효과는 메탄올추출 물보다 높게 나타났으며 농도 의존적으로 DPPH free radical 소거 효과가 상승하는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한 참당귀 투여에 의하여 화학요법으로 발생된 지질과산화물의 생성을 감소시켰으며, 단백질 산화를 유의적으로 억제함으로써 참당귀추출물은 CYP를 투여로 생성된 free radical을 감소시킴으로써 독성을 감소시켜, 혈액학적 빈혈지표가 더 감소되는 것을 막았다고 사료되며, 항산화제로서의 가능성이 있는 한약재로서 활용성이 높을 것으로 사료된다 항산화효소인 SOD 활성은CYP투여에 의하여 활성이 증가하였으며 참당귀추출물의 투여에 의한 효과가 나타나지 않았으나 감소하는 경향을 보였고 catalase 활성은 CYP 투여에 의하여 활성이 증가하였으나 참당귀의 효과는 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 참당귀추출물은 free radical 소거능을 갖고, 화학요법으로 발생된 지질과산화물의 생성을 낮춰 화학요법에 의한 부작용으로 발생되는 혈액학적 수치의 감소를 막음으로써 항산화제로의 활용성을 기대해본다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.729-736
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• 2018

This study was performed to facilitate development of new food materials by comparing general components, functional components and antioxidant activity of cherry, aronia, and maquiberry. Cherry revealed higher content of water (6.71%), crude protein (4.61%) and crude protein (5.33%) than aronia and maquiberry. Crude fat content of cherry fruits was the lowest at 1.46%. Content of iron per 100 g was 0.96 mg in cherry, significantly higher than other berries. Total phenolic content of cherry, aronia and maquiberry was 31.32~95.05 GAE mg/g. Total flavonoid content in water extract was 2.07 QE mg/g in cherry, compared with aronia and maquiberry. FRAP reduction power of cherry, aronia and maquiberry was $86.94{\sim}331.83TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$. FRAP reduction power ($156.50TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$) of cherry was higher than that of aronia ($121.72TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$) at $95^{\circ}C$ deionized water extract. In the case of water extract, $117.00TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$, and cherry was higher in ABTS radical scavenging ability than aronia ($86.55{\mu}mol/g$). DPPH radical scavenging activity of cherry, aronia and maquiberry was $26.34{\sim}493.53TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$. DPPH radical scavenging activity was lowest in cherry. In conclusion, in place of foreign expensive aronia and maquiberry, the price of cherry is low and use of cherry widely distributed has increased and is used as a material of functional food.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2018

The physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of several varieties of foxtail millet were evaluated across different seeding periods. Results indicated the moisture, crude ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate levels of the foxtail millet differed significantly according to the variety and seeding periods. The crude protein contents were highest when harvested during the early-season seeding periods; However, carbohydrate contents were highest when harvested during the late-season seeding periods. The lightness and yellowness of the Hwanggeumjo variety increased significantly as the seeding periods were delayed though the color of the Samdame variety decreased. The swelling power of foxtail millet increased as the seeding periods were delayed. Total polyphenol contents of the Hwanggeumjo and Samdame varieties were 298.68~315.13 and 288.84~297.73 mg GAE/100 g, and flavonoid contents were 181.32~172.92 and 172.49~183.86 mg CE/100 g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 104.70~126.89 and 111.75~136.92 mg TE/100 g, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 88.69~114.64 and 69.80~100.09 mg TE/100 g, respectively. Total polyphenol contents and the radical scavenging activity of Hwanggeumjo were highest when harvested during the seeding periods of the early-season, and Samdame was highest when harvested during the seeding periods of the late-season.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5205-5210
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• 2015

Background: Acute leukaemia is characterized by fast growth of abnormal clones of haemopoietic precursor cells inside bone marrow leading to undue accumulation in the bone marrow. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of childhood cancer. Materials and Methods: The study concerned 50 children diagnosed with ALL (mean age, $8.55{\pm}2.54$) compared to 40 healthy controls (mean age, $8.00{\pm}1.85$). The Hb, serum copper, ceruloplasmin oxidase, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and protein were measured in all groups.One proteinous component was isolated by gel filtration chromatography from the precipitate produced by polyethylene glycol. Results: Significantly higher levels of AOPP, copper and decrease in total antioxidant activity were noted in the cases. Statistical analysis also showed a significant increase (p<0.01) in the activity of serum ceruloplasmin oxidase in patients with ALL compared to normal subjects .The maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant had values of 104.2 U/L and 11.7 mM, respectively. The ${\Delta}H^*$ values for ceruloplasmin oxidase in ALL patients were positive, confirming the reaction to be endothermic. Conclusions: The results from this study showed a significant increase in AOPP, ceruloplasmine oxidase and decrease in total antioxidant activity .These parameters may play a role in development of DNA damage in childhood patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).The ${\Delta}S^*$ and ${\Delta}G^*$ values were negative, these refer that the reaction of ES formation is spontaneous, but needs energy in a so-called endergonic reaction. Also the negative ${\Delta}S^*$ value of ceruloplasmin oxidase indicates that the complex [$ES^*$] is further modulated through increasing structure arrangement.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1999

Antioxidant effects of serotonin and L-DOPA on neuronal tissues were examined by studying the oxidative damages of brain synaptosomal components. The study further explored the mechanism by which they exert protective actions. Serotonin and L-DOPA (1 ${\mu}M$ to 1 mM) significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation of brain tissues by either $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate or t-butyl hydroperoxide in a dose dependent fashion. Protective effect of serotonin on the peroxidative actions of both systems was greater than that of L-DOPA. Protein oxidation of synaptosomes caused by $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate was attenuated by serotonin and L-DOPA. Protein oxidation more sensitively responded to L-DOPA rather than serotonin. Serotonin and L-DOPA (100 ${\mu}M$) decreased effectively the oxidation of synaptosomal sulfhydryl groups caused by $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate. The production of hydroxyl radical caused by either $Fe^{3+},$ EDTA, H_2O_2$ and ascorbate or xanthine and xanthine oxidase was significantly decreased by serotonin and L-DOPA (1 mM). Equal concentrations of serotonin and L-DOPA restored synaptosomal $Ca^{2+}$ uptake decreased by $Fe^{2+}$ and ascorbate, which is responsible for SOD and catalase. Protective effects of serotonin and L-DOPA on brain synaptosomes may be attributed to their removing action on reactive oxidants, hydroxyl radicals and probably iron-oxygen complex, without chelating action on iron.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.331-338
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the jujube hot-water extraction and antioxidant. After extraction of hot-water jujube, general composition analysis and functional tests were performed. The results of general composition analysis showed 22.33% of moisture content, 0.71% of crude lipid, 5.21% of crude protein, and 3.87% of ash. From DPPH test results, in concentrations of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of jujube extracts, electron donating ability was shown with 68.24%. The SOD ability in concentrations of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ was 13.12%. The nitrite scavenging ability of jujube extracts was 11.79% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The yogurt with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% of jujube extracts was made, and the general composition analysis and the functional tests were performed. The results of the general composition analysis of jujube yogurt, showed 74.71~76.56% of moisture contents, 1.31~3.38% of crude lipid, 2.13~3.40% of crude protein, and 1.18~1.28% of ash. The DPPH test results showed 46.33% for 1% added jujube extract, 53.78% for 2% added jujube extract, 90.87% for 3% added jujube extract, and 89.58% for 4% added jujube extract. The SOD ability showed 4.93% for 1% added jujube extract, 7.28% for 2% added jujube extract, 11.38% for 3% added jujube extract, and 11.50% for 4% added jujube extract.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of soy protein hydrolysates (SPH) prepared by varying subcritical media on the physicochemical properties of pork patties. For resource of SPH, two different soybean species (Glycine max Merr.) of Daewonkong (DWK) and Saedanbaek (SDB) were selected. SPH was prepared by subcritical processing at 190℃ and 25 MPa under three different of media (water, 20% ethanol and 50% ethanol). Solubility and free amino group content revealed that water was better to yield larger amount of SPH than ethanol/water mixtures, regardless of species. Molecular weight (Mw) distribution of SPH was also similar between two species, while slightly different Mw distribution was obtained by subcritical media. For pork patty application, 50% ethanol treatment showed clear red color comparing to control after 14 d of storage. In addition, ethanol treatment had better oxidative stability than control and water treatment based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) analysis. For eating quality, although 20% ethanol treatment in SDB showed slightly higher cooking loss than control, generally addition of SPH did not affect the water-binding properties and hardness of pork patties. Consequently, the present study indicated that 50% ethanol was the best subcritical media to produce SPH possessing antioxidant activity, and the SPH produced from DWK exhibited better antioxidant activity than that produced SDB.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of reduced L-glutathione on the oxidant/antioxidant status(superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), protein carbonyl and lipid hydroperoxide(LPO) concentration), renal function(blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine levels), and microscopy of renal tissues in pigs undergoing unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R). Sixteen Landrace and Yorkshire mixed-breed pigs were divided randomly into two groups: untreated control group and reduced L-glutathione-treated group(4 mg/kg IV). Each group had 8 pigs. Pigs were unilaterally nephrectomized and the kidney was subject to 30 min of renal pedicle occlusion. Blood samples for biochemical assay were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 post nephrectomy. Renal I/R injury were evaluated histopathologically by the microscopic observation of renal tissue sections and biochemically by the measurement of the plasma creatinine and urea levels. Parameters of oxidative stress such as SOD, GPx, CAT, protein carbonyl and LPO were measured. The elevation of creatine and BUN levels was lower in the treated group, compared with the control group. The activities of antioxidant-enzyme were higher in the treated group, compared with the control group. In histological findings, the severity of damage in the reduced L-glutathione treated group was less when compared to the control group.