• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2004

뽕나무 열매(오디)를 이용하여 천연항산화제를 개발할 목적으로 오디로부터 페놀성 물질을 추출하여 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 페놀성 물질의 추출은 60$\%$ ethanol을 사용하여추출하는 것이 수율이 가장 좋았으며, rutin과 isoquercetrin의함량이 높았다. 추출된 오디 추출물의 ABTS radical decolorization과 antioxidant protection factor(PF)를 살펴 본 결과 ABTS는 80 추출물이 약 98$\%$의 억제율로 최고의 저해율을 나타내었고, PF는 60$\%$ 추출물에서 1.25로 가장 높은 protection factor를 나타내었다. DPPH에 대한 전자공여능은 60$\%$ 에탄올 추출물이 물 추출물이나 다른 농도의 ethanol추출물의 전자공여능 보다 우수하였다. 활성산소 중 지방산화를 일으키는데 주요한 역할을 하는 hydroxyl radical에 대한 각 추출물들의 영향은 60$\%$ 에탄을 추출물이 다른 추출물에 비하여낮은 TBARS 값을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 오디로부터 추출한 페놀성 물질은 천연 항산화 물질로 활용할 수있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2005

백부자(Aconiti koreani Rhizoma)를 이용한 항암효과와 노화억제를 위한 기능성 식품 소재로 개발하기 위하여 항균 및 항산화효과를 조사하였다. 백부자 추출물의 phenol성 물질의 추출수율은 열수추출물이 $8.45{\pm}0.27\;mg/g$이었으며, 에탄올추출물은 20, 40, 60, 80, 100% 농도별로 각각 $6.40{\pm}0.10\;mg/g$, $6.53{\pm}0.26\;mg/g$, $6.96{\pm}0.25\;mg/g$, $2.44{\pm}0.04\;mg/g$, 0.31{\pm}0.17\;mg/g$으로 열수추출물의 phenol 함량이 다소 높게 나타났다. 항산화 효과가 높다고 알려진 phenol 성분의 함량을 HPLC 분석결과 항산화 효과가 높은 protocatecuic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosemarinic acid의 함량이 높게 나타났다. H. pylori에 대한 항균효과는 에탄올추출물에서만 관찰되었다. ABTS radical decolorization과 antioxidant protection factor(PF)를 살펴 본 결과 ABTS는 60% 에탄올추출물에서 $94.25{\pm}0.68%$로 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었고, PF 역시 60% 에탄올추출물에서 $1.14{\pm}0.05$로 비교적 높은 protection factor을 나타내었다. DPPH에 대한 전자공여능은 20% 에탄올추출물에서 $93.69{\pm}0.19%$의 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으나, 40%, 60%, 80%간의 유의적인 차이는 없었고, 열수추출물에서는 $60.10{\pm}1.63%$의 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 활성산소 중 지방산화를 일으키는데 중요한 역할을 하는 hydroxyl radical에 대한 각 추출물들의 영향은 80% 에탄올추출물이 다른 농도의 추출물들에 비하여 낮은 TBARS 값을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 백부자로부터 추출한 페놀성 물질은 60%의 ethanol로 추출한 추출물이 천연항산화 물질로 활용이 가능한 기능성 식품의 소재로의 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.63-63
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• 2019

The thinning Green ball apple was extracted using water and ethanol and a phenolic concentration of thinning Green ball apple was $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple showed 94.69% and 92.24% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and 100.30% and 99.16% 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple showed antioxidant protection factor of 1.76 antioxidant protection factor and 1.76 antioxidant protection factor, respectively. The water and ethanol extracts showed 101.46% and 99.64% anti-oxidative effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Hence, the water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple can be considered a potential anti-oxidant. The water and ethanol extracts showed 33.28% and 32.14% hyaluronidase inhibition, respectively, at phenolic concentration of $150{\mu}g/mL$. The water and ethanol extracts showed 47.33% and 40.92% elastase inhibition and 46.19% and 65.58% collagenase inhibition at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. About these experiments, thinning Green ball apple was found to exhibit anti-oxidation activity as well as hyaluronidase, elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities. Therefore, thinning Green ball apple can be considered a potential source for functional food.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.334-343
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• 2007

108종의 표본묘목으로부터 채취한 뽕나무잎을 이용하여 항산화효과와 Helicobacter pylort에 대한 억제효과를 측정하였다. 항산화효과 중 DPPH에 대한 전자공여능은 물 추출물에서는 양면상 등 13종의 뽕잎에서 80% 이상의 높은 전자공여능이 확인되었으며, 80% ethanol 추출물에서는 고수9 등 59종의 뽕잎에서 80% 이상의 높은 전자공여능이 확인되어, 물 추출물보다 상대적으로 높은 효과를 나타내었다. ABTS radical decolorlization을 측정한 결과 물 추출물과 80% ethanol 추출물 모두에서 대부분의 뽕잎 추출물들이 90% 이상의 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. TBARS 값은 control값이 $0.493{\times}10^{-2}{\mu}M$로 나타났으며, 물 추출물에서는 청운뽕, 도내, 축무, 사천금, 수원상 1호, 불전 2호, 오노다마구와, 야마나까다까스께를 제외한 모든 품종에서 대조구보다 낮게 나타났으며, 80% ethanol 추출물에서도 대축면을 제외한 107종의 품종에서 대조구보다 낮은 TBARS 값을 나타내어 산화촉진인자를 binding하는 능력이 뛰어난 것으로 판단되었다. TBARS와 같이 지용성 물질의 항산화력을 나타내는 antioxidant protection factor(PF)에서는 많은 종류의 뽕잎 80% ethanol 추출물에서 2이상의 높은 PF를 나타내었으며, TBARS값과 PF값 모두 80% ethanol 추출물이 물 추출물보다 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 뽕잎 품종별 추출물로 Helicobacter pylori균을 저해하는 물질을 탐색한 결과 108종의 뽕잎 중에서 감락상, 다호조생, 신일뽕, 국상 27호, 개량십문자, 국부, 수중상, 백광 6호, 이상, 사천금, 영변추우, 사175, 당상 2호, 청목노상 및 수중상 등 15 품종의 뽕잎에서 저해환을 나타냈으며, 그 중 물 추출물에서는 다호조생 품종이 지름 13mm의 저해환을, 알코올 추출물에서는 청목노상 품종이 지름 15mm의 저해환으로 효과가 가장 우수하여 천연 항균제 및 생리활성 물질로의 이용가능성을 추측할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.744-750
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• 2012

안전한 천연물을 이용한 천연항산화제 개발 연구에 대한 관심이 고조되는 가운데, 지유, 진피, 천련자, 천문동, 청피, 편축, 하고초 7종의 천연 약용식물 추출물을 통해 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 추출물의 총 페놀 함량은 지유가 열수추출물과 40% ethanol 추출물에서 각각 31.5 mg/g, 32.7 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 추출물의 수용성 물질에 대한 항산화 효과는 DPPH radical 소거능이 지유, 진피, 천련자, 천문동, 청피, 편축, 하고초 7종의 천연 약용식물의 열수 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 80% 이상의 높은 소거활성을 나타내었다. ABTS radical cation decolorization을 측정한 결과, 7종의 천연 약용식물의 열수 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 85% 이상의 높은 저해율을 나타내어 매우 우수한 항산화 효과를 가지고 있음을 입증하였다. 지용성 물질에 대한 항산화 효과를 측정하기 위해 Antioxidant Protection Factor(PF)를 측정한 결과, 천련자 열수 추출물에서 1.65 PF로 대조구인 vitamin C 보다 높은 수준을 나타내어 지용성 물질에 대한 항산화 활성이 높음을 확인하였다. TBARs 생성 저해율을 측정한 결과 지유, 천련자, 청피, 편축, 하고초의 열수 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 99%에 가까운 높은 저해율을 나타내어 대조구인 vitamin C보다 지용성 물질에 대한 항산화 활성이 매우 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2013

In this study, we selected some material to have potential bioactivity from natural plants, confirmed as basic data for industrializing and tried to develope the food materials using them. DPPH, ABTS, antioxidant protection factor, TBARs and antimicrobial activity of extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits were determined. The total phenolics extracted from Rosa multiflora were 12.08, 11.82, 11.1 and 12.6 mg/g when using water, 70% ethanol, 70% methanol and 70% acetone as the solvent, respectively. The optimum conditions for extracting the phenolic compounds were 70% ethanol over for 12 hrs(11.82 mg/g). The electron donating ability and inhibition rate on ABTS of the 70% ethanol extracts were 97% and 92.2%, respectively while the antioxidant protection factor(PF) of the water extracts and 70% ethanol extracts were 1.79 and 1.34 PF, respectively. The TBAR (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) value were $1.3{\mu}M$ for the control and $0.15{\mu}M$ for the 70% ethanol extracts. The inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase was 26% for the 70% ethanol extracts. The 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits exhibited antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, S. epidermidis, S. aureusand and E. coli with clear zone diameters of 14, 25, 14 and 13 mm, respectively when using $200{\mu}g/mL$ of the phenolic compounds. An HPLC analysis identified 6 major phenolic metabolites in the Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits extracts: rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, courmaric acid, protocatechuic acid and quercetin. In particular, the content of rosmarinic acid was the highest in the 70% ethanol extracts. Therefore these results indicate that 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruits can be useful as a natural antioxidant and in functional foods.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2011

The oxidative stress level and antioxidant activities in two green algae (Ulva pertusa and Ulva linza), two brown algae (Agarum cribrosum and Dictyota dichotoma), and three red algae (Grateloupia lanceolata, Carpopeltis affinis, and Gracilaria verrucosa) collected from intertidal regions of Korea were assessed. In the two green algae, although the total glutathione content was not as high as that of the brown algae, the glutathione pool was extremely reduced, and the glutathione reductase (GRd)/glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity ratio was high, which apparently plays an important role for protection against oxidative damage, as manifested by low lipid peroxidation. In the brown algae, which exhibited a low lipid peroxidation level that was comparable to the green algal species, the highest glutathione content, together with high GPx activity, appears to be the most important factor in their antioxidant protection. The red algal species exhibited extremely high lipid peroxidation levels. They also contained the lowest and most oxidized glutathione among the species, as well as the lowest GRd activity. In spite of the marked difference in the glutathione content, the significant difference in the activity of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine ligase, the rate limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, among the species was not exhibited. Our results suggest that there is a significant difference in the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity among the algal species, and that the glutathione system, especially the efficiency of glutathione recycling, plays a vital role in antioxidative protection in algal species.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2008

Cellular protection against carcinogens could be achieved by the induction of phase 2 detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO1). Nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds to antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter region of these genes and the resulting transactivation occurs. In the present study the effect of gujeolcho (Chrysanthemum zawadskii) roots on the Nrf2-ARE pathway were investigated. C. zawadskii root extract was fractionated with a series of organic solvents and their ability to induce Nrf2-ARE pathway was examined. We separated the most potent dichloromethane (DCM) fraction into 12 sub-fractions and found several sub-fractions with strong effects on the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Fraction 4 strongly induced the ARE-reporter gene activity as well as Nrf2 expression. Sitosterol was isolated as a major compound in fraction 4 although its activity was not as potent as its mother fraction. These results indicate that C. zawadskii roots might be used as a potential natural chemopreventive source.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2004

The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) is a cis-acting regulatory element of genes encoding phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant proteins, such as NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferases, and glutamate-cysteine ligase. Interestingly, it has been reported that Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) regulates a wide array of ARE-driven genes in various cell types. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, which was originally identified as a binding protein of locus control region of ss-globin gene. The DNA binding sequence of Nrf2 and ARE sequence are very similar, and many studies demonstrated that Nrf2 binds to the ARE sites leading to up-regulation of downstream genes. The function of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes suggests that the Nrf2-ARE pathway is important in the cellular antioxidant defense system. In support of this, many studies showed a critical role of Nrf2 in cellular protection and anti-carcinogenicity, implying that the Nrf2-ARE pathway may serve as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, in which oxidative stress is closely implicated.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.652-661
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• 2021

Objective: Wooden breast (WB) is a novel myopathy affecting modern broiler chickens, which causes substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of WB abnormality on meat quality, redox status, as well as the expression of genes of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods: A total of 80 broilers (Ross 308, 42 days of age, about 2.6 kg body weight) raised at Jiujin farm (Suqian, Jiangsu, China) were used. Twelve unaffected (no detectable hardness of the breast area) and twelve WB-affected (diffuse remarkable hardness in the breast muscle) birds were selected from the commercial broiler farm according to the criteria proposed by previous studies. Results: The results indicated that WB showed histological lesions characterized by fiber degeneration and fibrosis, along with an increase of muscle fiber diameter (p<0.05). Moreover, higher pH value, lightness, yellowness, drip loss and cooking loss were observed in the WB group (p<0.05). Compared with the normal breast (NOR) group, the WB group showed higher formation of reactive oxygen species (p<0.05), increased level of oxidation products and antioxidant activities (p<0.05), accompanied with mitochondrial damages and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes including heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H qui none dehydrogenase 1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase were higher than those of the NOR group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, WB myopathy impairs meat quality by causing oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunction in broilers, even though the activated Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway provides protection for the birds.