• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-51
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this research was physiological activities, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activities of the Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs. Methods : Physiological activities, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activities were examined through the Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs. Results : In the physiological activities, the electron donating ability(EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts from the Cheongyeolsodokum were over 60% and 80% at 100 ppm, respectively. The EDA of the water and ethanol extract from the Cheongyeolsodokum ingredients were gradually increased as well. Water and ethanol extracts from the Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs inhibited xanthine oxidase activity, they showed superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity. The Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs inhibited cancer cell growth in a dose-dependant manner. Also, the clear zones against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were clear shown at 2.5 and 5 mg/disc. Its constituent herbs showed the clear zone against various bacteria such as Candida albicans, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. mutans were shown at 0.5 and 1mg/disc. Conclusions : We observed physiological activities, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activities of the Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs. The results also indicated that water extract and ethanol extract of Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs can be used as a natural ingredient in food or cosmetic industry.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine antioxidant activities of Perilla frutescens var. acuta leaf. For the this purpose, DPPH radical scavenging activity, lipid oxidation inhibition, SOD-like activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitor activity of water extract, ethanol extracts (30, 50, 70, and 95%) and the fractions obtained from these extracts were determined. The electron donating abilities of the chloroform fraction obtained from the 70% and 95% ethanol extracts were 50%, and that of the ethyl acetate fraction for all of the extracts was above 75%. In particular, the electron donating ability of the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract showed the greatest activity with 200.5 ppm of $RC_{50}$ value. The 70% ethanol extract was most effective to inhibit the automatic oxidation of linoleic acid at $40^{\circ}C$ storage. The highest inhibition effects appeared in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the water extract, and the 30, 50, and 70% ethanol extracts, and the highest lipid oxidation inhibiting effect of the 95% ethanol extract occurred in the hexane and acetate fractions. The SOD-like activity of the water extract was 30.3%, and the activities of the various concentration of ethanol extracts were 28-32% and the activity of the 70% ethanol extract was the highest. The SOD-like activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract was highest with 1,549.0 ppm of $RC_{50}$ value. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity was greatest in the water extract and the activities of the ethanol extracts were 36-41.2%. The xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the water extract was highest. In summary, we found that electron donating ability, lipid oxidation inhibition, and SOD-like activity of Perilla frutescens var. acuta leaf were greatest in the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract, and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction of the water extract.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze the antioxidative effects and antimicrobial activity of Omija. Total phenol contents of Omija extracted with ethanol and water were $53.4{\pm}2.2tannic\;acid\;equivalent/mg$, and $47.9{\pm}2.1tannic\;acid\; equivalent/mg$, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of Omija extracted with ethanol and water were $16.3{\pm}1.1naringin\;equivalent/mg$, and $13.1{\pm}1.4naringin\;equivalent/mg$, respectively. Electron donating ability of ethanol extract ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$) of Omija was $5.1{\pm}0.4%$. This result was lower than the antioxidant vitamin (ascorbic acid: $96.4{\pm}0.6%$) and artificial antioxidant BHT ($70.0{\pm}0.5%$). Nitrite-scavenging abilities of Omija were lower than ascorbic acid and BHT. SOD-like activities of Omija extracts, natural antioxidant, and artificial antioxidant at 5 mg/mL were in the other of ascorbic acid ($99.0{\pm}0.5%$) > BHT ($72.6{\pm}0.5%$) > ethanol extract ($16.3{\pm}0.4%$) > water extract ($14.4{\pm}0.3%$). The order of OH radical scavenging activities of Omija extracts and natural antioxidant at 5 mg/mL was ascorbic acid ($98.9{\pm}0.6%$) > tocopherol ($85.4{\pm}0.6%$) > water extract ($59.1{\pm}0.5%$) > ethanol extract ($33.1{\pm}0.3%$). The results show that the antimicrobial effects of Omija could not be detected at both concentrations and extraction methods.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

Objectives : The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activities of stem bark of Maackia amurensis extract.Methods : Stem bark of Maackia amurensis extract were prepared using 70% methanol. Methanol extracts were fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, water fractions and investigated. The antioxidant activities of fractions was evaluated by four different assays as total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity and ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging ability.Results : The yield of methanolic extracts from stem bark of Maackia amurensis was 10.16%, whereas those of its solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, and water) were 5.45, 11.39, 13.88, 26.07, and 40.80%, respectively. The total polyphenol contents and electron donating ability of 70% methanol extracts from stem bark of Maackia amurensis were 15.44 mg/g and 194.15 μg/mL of its IC₅₀, respectively. The 70% methanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content of chloroform fractions were higher in each of 201.98 mg/g and 13.55 mg/g. The chloroform fraction showed the lowest levels of DPPH(IC₅₀, 183.95 μg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity(IC₅₀, 10.0 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity was detected in methanol extract, chloroform fractions.Conclusions : These results indicate that 70% methanol extract and its fractions of stem bark of Maackia amurensis, especially chloroform fraction, have the properties of anti-oxidant suggesting stem bark of Maackia amurensis may be a candidate for natural and functional materials.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of water extracts from Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. leaves, stems and roots at the $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. Methods : The different part of Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. extract was prepared using water. The antioxidant activities of polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity, SOD like activity, hydroxyl radical, ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), $Fe^{2+}$ chelating, and nitrite scavenging activity. Results : The total polyphenol and total flavonoid content of leaves were the highest at $221.85{\mu}g/mg$ and $794.13{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. Electron donating ability was the 79.68% in the water extract from leaves. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the hot extracts, leaves ${\gg}$ roots > stems was higher in the order. It was shown the highest at 94.53% in the water extract from leaves, which showed a value equal to 94.7% of ascorbic acid. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was the highest at 8.07% in the water extract from leaves. SOD like activity and $Fe^{2+}$chelating activity were leaves of 12.3% and 27%, respectively, which were much higher than those of any other parts. The nitrite scavenging ability of extracts was increased at pH 2.5, and those was the highest in leaves of 83.03%. Its were more than twice the 41.61% of BHT. Conclusion : The results suggest that Lycopus lucidus Turcz. ex Benth. can be used as nutraceutical foods and natural antioxidant.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Three bark extracts of Albizia julibrissin were prepared using water (AW), 70% (v/v) ethanol (AE), and hot water (AHW). Organic solvent fractions were analyzed for total flavonoids and polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of the AHW extract were 8.57 mg/g and 108.67 mg/g, respectively. The SOD-like activities of all extracts, assayed at 1.0 mg/mL, were 10.46-16.73%. The nitrite-scavenging ability of the AHW extract, assayed at pH 1.2, was 60.82%, and the $IC_{50}$ value was $770.18\;{\mu}g$/mL. The electron-donating ability of the AHW extract, at 0.3 mg/mL, was 92.30%; the $IC_{50}$ values of the AW and AHW extracts were $31.31\;{\mu}g$/mL and $36.22\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively; thus higher than that of ascorbic acid ($39.06\;{\mu}g$/mL). Xanthine oxidase inhibition by the AHW extract, at 1.0 mg/mL, was 94.05%. These results indicate that the AHW of A. julibrissin has potential as a natural antioxidant, for addition to foods and nutraceuticals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.723-727
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• 2003

The antioxidant activities and their antioxidant compounds of a group of teas obtained in local markets were investigated. A total of 18 teas were tested for their antioxidant activities based on their ability to scavenge ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical. The former was expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per 1 tea bag (L-ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity, AEAC) and the latter was expressed as percentage of electron donating activity (EDA%). A good correlation of AEAC and EDA was observed between the two methods. The concentrations of total polyphenolics and flavonoids in tea extracts were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Total ascorbic acid was determined via the 2,6-dicholoroindophenol titrimetric method. According to the AEAC value and EDA, black tea, brown rice green tea, green tea, herb tea and malva tea showed relatively high antioxidant activities. Polyphenolic compounds were the major naturally occurring antioxidant compounds found in teas and the high concentrations of polyphenolic compounds were observed in black tea, green tea and herb tea. Overall, six teas out of 18 teas tested in the study showed better antioxidant activities and higher amounts of total polyphenolic compounds.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2008

This study investigated the antioxidant activities of extracts from Angelica dahurica roots after microwave-assisted extraction with different levels of energy (120, 240W) and extraction time (5, 10, 15 and 30 min). The highest extraction yield was 11.77 mg% in water at 240W for 30 min followed by 11.42 mg% in water at 120Wand 30 min. The highest total polyphenol contents was 32.36 mg/g in an ethanol extract, followed by 31.77mg/g in water extract at the same conditions of 240W, 30 min. The electron donating abilities both the ethanol extract obtained using 240W and 30 min and the water extract obtained employing 120W and 5min showed the highest values, 83.55% and 82.49% respectively at a concentration 1.0mg/mL. The highest superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was 14.16% in ethanol extract at 120Wand 15min, followed by 13.22% in the water extract at 120W and 5 min. The best extraction yield and polyphenol content after microwave-assisted extraction were achieved with 240W and 30 min using water. The best condition for extraction of electron donating ability and SOD-like activity from A dahurica roots were 120W and 5 minutes using water.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 2007

In this study was investigated the growth effect of native plant (Microlepia marginata(panzer Christ., Prunella vulgaris. aleutica Fernald, Perillafrutescens var. japonica Hara., Gleichenia japonica Spreng) extracts on various lactic acid bacterias, electron donating ability, total cell count and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The total cell count of Enterococcus faecium KCCM 12118, Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCCM 32826, Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11542, Pediococcus pentosaceus KCCM 40464 in the absence of native plant extracts (10%) at $37^{\circ}C$ after 48hr were $2.2{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.1{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $2.2{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$. On the other hand, the total cell count of E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 in the presence of native plant extracts (10%) at $37^{\circ}C$ after 48hr were $4.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $4.3{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $4.8{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$, $3.9{\times}10^9\;cfu/ml$. The electron donating ability indicated to E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 added by 10% native plant extracts, respectively. when 10% native plant extracts were added lactic acid bacterias, the electron donating ability is the highest. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of E. faecium KCCM 12118, L. rhamnosus KCCM 32826, L. plantarum KCCM 11542, P. pentosaceus KCCM 40464 showed higher than that of control.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.705-711
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• 2017

Lespedeza cuneata (LC) is a herbaceous plant that grows throughout Korea. To investigate the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant activities of LC extracts and LC-soaked liquor (s. liquor), extraction with distilled water (DW) and ethanol was conducted and the extracts were compared with s. liquor. A total of 22 free amino acids from LC extract were detected, with the main ones being phosphoethanolamine 20.36>L-proline 18.02>ammonia 14.48>L-aspartic acid 12.96>${\gamma}$-amino-n-butyric acid 10.67%. The total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total phenolics contents (TPC) were in the order of s. liquor>DW>ethanol extract. The electron donating ability based on DPPH radical scavenging ability was highest for s.liquor, which equivalents 81.4% ascorbic acid in the order of s. liquor>ethanol>DW extract. The orders of ferric reducing antioxidant power and ABTS radical scavenging ability were proportional to the TFC and TPC of extracts, and in the order of s. liquor>ethanol>DW extract. The nitrite scavenging ability of s. liquor was highest among the three extracts (96.6% at pH 1.2), which was 2.6 times greater than that of DW extract.