• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.392-399
• /
• 2009

Recent studies indicate that green tea may have anticancer, antioxidant, and antihypertensive effects, and aids body weight control and the promotion of various desirable physiological functions. However, few studies have investigated the antimicrobial effects of green tea. We sought to determine the antimicrobial activity of green tea extract against food spoilage microorganisms. The extract showed remarkable antimicrobial effects against a wide spectrum of putrefactive and food spoilage microorganisms when used at concentrations greater than $500{\mu}g/ml$. The extract showed thermal and pH stability in the range of $40{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ and pH 3.11, respectively. Green tea extract seems to be an ideal natural antimicrobial, considering both efficacy and thermal and pH stabilities. Antimicrobial substances in green tea extract were investigated using electron microscopy and a $\beta$-galactosidase assay. The data showed that the extract contains several efficacious materials, and that their activities are not synergistic but are instead independent. Our data indicate that hydrophilic antimicrobial substances in green tea extract might control food spoilage microorganisms owing to perturbation of the microbial cell membrane.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate potential applications of the extract of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii $N_{AKAI}$ nut as a functional food ingredient. The pH and $^{\circ}Brix$ of nut were 6.43 and 3.17, respectively. L, a and b values as Hunter's color were 83.07, 1.49 and 10.48, respectively. Total content of monosaccharide was 54.26 mg% and organic acids were composed of oxalic acid 495.37 mg%, formic acid 200.03 mg%, malic acid 93.65 mg%, citric acid 27.80 mg%, and succinic acid 16.61 mg%. Total phenolic contents in various solvent extracts were as follows: water 27.69 mg%, 75% ethanol 16.50 mg%, ethyl acetate 16.50 mg%, and methanol 10.30 mg%. The antioxidant activity ($SC_{50},\;{\mu}g/mL$) of the nut extracts by various solvents was in the order of ethyl acetate 74.88 > methanol 155.00 > n-hexane 213.33 > ethanol 249.33 > butanol 274.78 > chloroform 314.67 > 75% ethanol 848.33 > water extracts 869.67. The results indicated that the extract of C. cuspidata nut contained a potential food ingredient.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2007

Bioactive substances, antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of seed extracts were evaluated to discover new functional materials, using 13 edible or medicinal plants. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in Taxus cuspidata, with $57.51mg{\cdot}g^{-1}\;and\;7.98mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively. Seed extract of Vitis coignetiae${\times}$Vitis labruscana($RC_{30}=0.030mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$) was found to be the most effective in DPPH radical scavenging test, and the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was shown in Diospyros lotus($RC_{30}=0.044mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$). Inhibitory effects on peroxidation of linoleic acid determined by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method were similar to BHT in Diospyros kaki, Diospyros lotus, Magnolia officinalis, Styrax obassia, Vitis coignetiae, Vitis coignetiae${\times}$Vistis labruscana, Zizyphus jujuba, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis. For the inhibition against mushroom tyrosinase, Diospyros kaki, Diospyros lotus, Poncirus tritoliata, Prunus serrulata var. spomtanea, Zizyphus jujuba and Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis exhibited inhibitory activity, and especially Diospyros lotus showed the strongest inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2013

Morinda officinalis (MO) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of impotence, anti-inflammatory, menstrual irregularity action and various brain diseases including antidepressant and anti-stress. In order to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of MO (100, 200 mg/kg, P.0) to the sleeping time and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsive mice. The methanol extract of MO prolonged sleep time by pentobarbital. Dose-dependent of methanol extracts of MO were effected the concentration of GABA and GABA-T activity in the brain of PTZ-induced mice. Methanol extracts of MO significantly inhibited the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain. The butanol and dichloromethane fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively inhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently ($5.0{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}20.0{\times}10^{-2}g/ml$).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2018

As a part of an infrastructure project on medicinal herb-based remedies, we conducted a phytohemical investigation of the 100% MeOH extract from the aerial part of Boehmeria quelpaertense; our findings resulted in the isolation of flavonoids (1-2), isoquercitrin (1) and hyperoside (2). The identification and structural elucidation of these compounds were based on $^1H$-, $^{13}C-NMR$, and LC ESI IT-TOF MS data. All the compounds isolated from this plant were reported for the first time. In this study, we examined the antioxidant activity of the 1 and 2 on the hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress in a Rat Cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2). The pretreatment of the flavonoids showed that it protects against $H_2O_2$-mediated cell death in the H9c2 cell line. Also, it decreases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by the flavonoids in the $H_2O_2$-treated H9c2 cell line. These results showed that the 1 and 2 are a source of antioxidants. As a result, they might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases, including myocardial infarction.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.103-103
• /
• 2018

Oenothera biennis, commonly known as evening primrose, a potential source of natural bioactive substances: flavonoids, steroids, tannins, fatty acids and terpenoids responsible for a diverse range of pharmacological functions. However, whether extract prepared from aerial part of O. biennis (APOB) protects skin against oxidative stress remains unknown. To investigate the protective effects of APOB against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in the HaCaT human skin keratinocytes. Our results revealed that treatment with APOB prior to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) exposure significantly increased viability, and the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activities and reducing power of HaCaT cells. APOB also effectively attenuated H2O2-induced comet tail formation and inhibited the $H_2O_2$-induced phosphorylation levels of the histone ${\gamma}H2AX$, as well as the number of apoptotic bodies and Annexin V-positive cells. In addition, APOB exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential loss by $H_2O_2$. Moreover, $H_2O_2$ enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), a typical substrate protein of activated caspase-3, as well as DNA fragmentation; however, these events were almost totally reversed by pretreatment with APOB. Furthermore, APOB increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a potent antioxidant enzyme, associated with the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). According to our data, APOB is able to protect HaCaT cells from $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage and cell death through blocking cellular damage related to oxidative stress through a mechanism that would affect ROS elimination and activating the Nri2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.436-445
• /
• 2020

Goji berry (Lycium chinense Mill.) is one of medicinal plants. Its leaves has been used to manufacture the functional foods by replacing the dried-fruit because of low production costs. In order to produce the leaves of uniform quality, continuous selection and the establishment of cultivation techniques were required. Among the eleven recommended cultivars, 'Myeongan' showed high yielding and rapid regeneration after cutting. The dried-leaf yield was linearly increased from 106 kg/10a on May 16 to 287 kg/10a on June 20. An appropriate cutting date and cutting length (about 60-70 cm) was important factors for its efficient regeneration. The late cutting times were not suitable due to difficulties during plant harvesting because of stem rigidity and thorn generation. The betaine content of leaves ranged from 1.43 ~ 2.63% and significantly affected by the varieties and the cutting dates. The main physiological functionality of leaf was Angiotesin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, representing the anti-hypertensive. The other physiological functionalities, XOD inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, SOD-like activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and fibrinolytic activity, were not detected or less than 20%.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.218-222
• /
• 2002

Lycii Cordex Radicis extract (gigolpi) examined through SOS Chromotest showed a strong, dose-dependent antimutagenic effect on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) induced mutagenecity. Gigolpi revealed considerable superoxide anion radical scavenging activity under L-ascorbic $acid-CuSO_4$ system, but showed lower hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in photochemical test system. Hot-water gigolpi extract delayed protein oxidation, whereas lipid peroxidation of rat skin exposed to UVB radiation was inhibited. The results indicate that gigolpi possessing antioxidant activity against UVB-induced lipid peroxidation could be used as a raw ingredient for manufacturing functional cosmetics

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2020

Acacetin, which is present in damiana (Turnera diffusa) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), has several pharmacologic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the effect of acacetin on head and neck cancers has not been clearly established. This study aimed to examine the effects of acacetin on cell growth and apoptosis induction in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells. These were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live/Dead cell assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining, caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation assay, and immunoblotting in FaDu cells. Acacetin induced FaDu cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with an estimated IC₅₀ value of 41.9 µM, without affecting the viability of L-929 mouse fibroblasts as normal cells. Acacetin treatment resulted in nuclear condensation in the FaDu cells. It promoted the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -7, -8, and -9 with increasing amounts of the cleaved caspase isoforms in FaDu cells. Acacetin-induced apoptosis in FaDu cells was mediated by the expression of Fas and activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Immunoblotting showed downregulation of the anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but upregulation of the mitochondria-dependent pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Badin FaDu cells after acacetin treatment. These findings indicate that acacetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells via both the death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The cosmeceutical activity of Cuacuta japonica Choisy were investigated for cosmetics industrial application. Methods : Cosmeceutical activities include antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition effects and nitrite-scavenging ability were examined through the Cuacuta japonica Choisy Results : The result were obtained as follows : The electron donating ability of water and ethanol extract was 69.5%, 78.3% at 1,000ppm. In SOD-like activity, water extract showed low effect, but ethanol extract scored 63.4% at 1,000ppm. In inhibition activity of xanthine oxidase, water extract showed low effect, which is 27.2% at 500ppm, in contrast to ethanol extract high effect: 99.5% at 500ppm, in nitrite-scavenging ability test, 500ppm of C. japonica Choisy water extract showed the effect of 51.3%, while 500ppm of C. japonica Choisy ethanol extract showed the effect of 72.7%. From the test of inhibitory effect of tyrosinase, both water and ethanol extract showed insufficient inhibitory rate. Conclusion : According to all the test results that have been given, it is possible that the extract of C. japonica Choisy can be used as a new natural material of the cosmeceutical industry.