• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.110.2-110.2
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• 2003

The ethanol extracts of mixed vegetables (Bioactive V, BV), mixed fruits (Bioactive F, BF) and its liquid formulation (Chungpae Plus$\circledR$) were evaluated for their antioxidative and antigenotoxic activity. They were shown to possess the significant free radical scavenging effect against l,l-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and were revealed to show the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. (omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3559-3567
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• 2016

Background: In recent years, there has been considerable research on recycling of agro-industrial waste for production of bioactive compounds. The food processing industry produces large amounts of citrus peels that may be an inexpensive source of useful agents. Objective: The present work aimed to explore the phytochemical content, antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferation, and antigenotxic activities of lemon, grapefruit, and mandarin peels. Materials and Methods: Peels were extracted using 98% ethanol and the three crude extracts were assessed for their total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Their cytotoxic and mitogenic proliferation activities were also studied in human leukemia HL-60 cells and mouse splenocytes by CCK-8 assay. In addition, genotoxic/antigenotoxic activity was explored in mouse splenocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay. Results: Lemon peels had the highest of TPC followed by grapefruit and mandarin. In contrast, mandarin peels contained the highest of TFC followed by lemon and grapefruit peels. Among the extracts, lemon peel possessed the strongest antioxidant activity as indicated by the highest DPPH radical scavenging, the lowest effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}=42.97{\mu}g\;extract/mL$), and the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC=0.157). Mandarin peel exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity ($IC_{50}=77.8{\mu}g/mL$) against HL-60 cells, whereas grapefruit and lemon peels were ineffective anti-leukemia. Further, citrus peels possessed immunostimulation activity via augmentation of proliferation of mouse splenocytes (T-lymphocytes). Citrus extracts exerted non-cytotoxic, and antigenotoxic activities through remarkable reduction of CAs induced by cisplatin in mouse splenocytes for 24 h. Conclusions: The phytochemical constituents of the citrus peels may exert biological activities including anticancer, immunostimulation and antigenotoxic potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1801-1807
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• 2014

Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are widely distributed among the world's oceans in various habitats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of freeze-drying on the antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of blue mussels collected in the Gyeongnam coast area of Korea. Raw (RM) and freeze-dried blue mussel flesh (FRM) were extracted with ethanol, methanol, and water. Antioxidant activities were evaluated on the basis of DPPH radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant capacity (CAC), and antigenotoxic activity (comet assay). Except for the water extract, RM and FRM showed DPPH radical scavenging activities, which increased upon freeze-drying in MeOH extract. The highest ORAC value was observed in water extract of RM and MeOH extract of FRM. CAC was protected against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by both RM and FRM extracts. Freeze-drying lowered ORAC value of water extract, whereas it increased CAC activity, suggesting that antioxidant activities varied according to the generated radicals. All extracts from RM and FRM showed antigenotoxic activities by reducing $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leukocytes. Freeze-drying had no effect on antigenotoxicity of blue mussels. Taken together, these results indicate that blue mussels possess antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties, and freeze-drying might be a useful processing method for blue mussels to retain their maximum physiological potential as a functional food.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.197-212
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• 2003

Antigenotoxicity test (SOS chromotest) and antimutagenecity test (Ames test) were carried out using water-soluble and methanolic extracts from Dianthi Herba. Antigenotoxic activity of methanolic extract against mutagens both MNNG and NQO was much more effective than that of water-soluble one. When the extract was added to the certain concentration $(100\;{\mu}l/tube)$, antigenotoxic activities against both mutagens were enhanced. Against the mutagen MNNG with Ames test, antimutagenic activity of the methanolic extract was better than that of water-soluble one. The 74.6% of inhibition ratio for revertant forming CFU/plate was shown at $300\;{\mu}l/plate$ of the methanolic extract.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.771-775
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• 1999

The antimutagenic activities of the total extract and several fractions of starfish, Asterina pectinifera (Asteriidae), were investigated in vitro by SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37 and Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100. When various fractions was tested, the chloroform and butanol fractions showed low induction factors, which means both fractions increased antigenotoxicity against the base substitution mutagen MNNG. Even though higher antigenotoxic effect of the chloroform fraction, no effective result of Ames test was found in revertant formation of S. typhimurium TA100. The most effective antigenotoxic and antimutagenic fraction was a butanol one: i.e., When 0.5 mg/tube of butanol fraction was applied, the induction factor was 0.68. As the concentration of the fraction was increased the formation of revertants of S. typhimurium TA100 by about 81%. There was no cytotoxic effect of butanol fraction against S.typhimurium TA100. This result might be useful for further study to search a possible anticancer agent from the starfish, Asterina pectinifera.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2001

Against the mutagen MNNG and NOPD with SOS chromotest, the antigenotoxic activity of MeOH-soluble extract was much more effective than that of the water-soluble one. When the extract was added to the certain concentration, the antigenotoxic acivity was enhanced. Against the mutagen NOPD with Ames test, the antimutagenic activity of MeOH-soluble extract was better than that of the water-soluble one. The 60.4% of the inhibition ratio for the revertant colony-forming unit was shown at 5 mg of MeOH-soluble extract per plate. Antimutagenecity test with SOS chromotest and Ames test were performed using water-soluble and MeOH-soluble extracts from of Gleditsia sinensis. The antioxidant activity of MeOH-soluble extract with the NBT method was higher than that of the water-soluble one.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2004

Antigenotoxicity test (SOS chromotest), antimutagenecity test (Ames test), and antioxidant test (NBT method and xanthine-xanthine oxidase method) were carried out using water-soluble and methanolic extracts from Puerariae Flos. Against the mutagens MNNG and NQO, antigenotoxic activity of methanolic extracts were much more effective than that of water-soluble ones. When the methanolic extract was added to the certain concentration $(100{\mu}{\ell}/tube)$, antigenotoxic acivity against the mutagen MNNG was enhanced. Contrary to the water-soluble extract, the methanolic extract showed high antigenotoxicity against the mutagen NQO with increment of the extract. Against the mutagen MNNG with Ames test, antimutagenic activity of the methanolic extract at $300{\mu}{\ell}/tube$ was 96% as an inhibition ratio of revertant forming CFU/plate. The antioxidant activity of water-soluble extract was comparatively higher than that of the methanolic one.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.453-462
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• 2013

Recently, two formulas of sulgidduk added to pine needle juice (PNJ) with various physiological activities were developed for metabolic syndrome patients in our lab. According to previous studies, cooking may alter antioxidant properties by initiating destruction, release or transformation of antioxidant compounds contained in food. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities and antigenotixic effects of sulgidduk with/without PNJ and to note changes in these activities after cooking. The ingredients of sulgidduk was added on the basis of 100% rice flour as follows: conventional sulgidduk (S): 1.5% salt, 30.0% sugar; PNJ added to sulgidduk A (PS-A): 1.4% salt, 30.0% sugar, and 1.0% PNJ; PNJ added to sulgidduk B (PS-B): 1.5% salt, 21.4% sugar, and 1.4% PNJ. Ethanol and water extracts of sulgidduk were analyzed for the total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH RSA), total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and antigenotoxic effect by comet assay. The ethanol extracts PS-A and PS-B showed higher TPC and antioxidant activities (DPPH RSA, TRAP, and ORAC) than did the S ethanol extract before cooking. The more PNJ was added, the higher TPC and anitoxidant activities were observed in sulgidduk (PS-A$200{\mu}M$ of $H_2O_2$. Taken together, this study suggests that sulgidduk added to 1.44% of pine needle juice may be a good option antioxidant and antigenotoxic source.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

Increased consumption of fresh vegetables that are high in polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of oxidative stress-induced disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of spinach in vitro and in vivo in hyperlipidemic rats. For measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity, spinach was subjected to hot water extraction (WE) or ethanol extraction (EE) and examined for total polyphenol content (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and antigenotoxic activity. The in vivo antioxidant activity of spinach was assessed using blood and liver lipid profiles and antioxidant status in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFCD) for 6 weeks. The TPC of WE and EE were shown as $1.5{\pm}0.0$ and $0.5{\pm}0.0mg$ GAE/g, respectively. Increasing the concentration of the extracts resulted in increased ORAC value, CAA, and antigenotoxic activity for all extracts tested. HFCD-fed rats displayed hyperlipidemia and increased oxidative stress, as indicated by a significant rise in blood and liver lipid profiles, an increase in plasma conjugated diene concentration, an increase in liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, and a significant decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity compared with rats fed normal diet. However, administration of 5% spinach showed a beneficial effect in HFCD rats, as indicated by decreased liver TBARS level and DNA damage in leukocyte and increased plasma conjugated dienes and Mn-SOD activity. Thus, the antioxidant activity of spinach may be an effective way to ameliorate high fat and cholesterol diet-induced oxidative stress.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

The ethanol extracts of mixed vegetables (Bioactive Vegetables, BV), mixed fruits (Bioactive Fruits, BF) and their liquid formulation (Chungpae Plus , CP) were evaluated for their antioxidative and antigenotoxic activities. They were shown to possess the significant free radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and were revealed to show the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation although the potencies were not higher than those of vitamin C. They did not possess any pro-oxidant effect on bleomycin-Fe(III) dependent DNA degradation, whereas vitamin C showed strong pro-oxidant effect. Furthermore, oral administration of BV and BF inhibited micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) formation of mouse peripheral blood induced by KBrO3 treatment in vivo. CP also showed significant inhibition under same experimental condition. Therefore, the liquid formulation (CP) containing BV and BF may be a useful natural antioxidative and antigenotoxic agent by scavenging free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protecting chromosomal damage.