• ALGAE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.217-240
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• 2023

Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from seaweed have emerged as remarkable bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activities and have substantial value in the scientific and industrial domains. The current study explores the diverse biological activities of SPs and their relationship with their structures. This aids in an in-depth examination of the multifaceted biological activities of SPs, including anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, which underpin their potential health benefits. Furthermore, the current study explores the complicated properties of SPs, with their extraction methodologies and techniques for precise characterization. Elucidation of the commercial significance of SPs derived from brown, red, and green seaweed by highlighting their potential applications has emphasized their importance in human well-being. Further, this review emphasizes the challenges needed to overcome research and industrial innovations for SPs. Collaboration among researchers, industry stakeholders, and regulatory authorities can overcome these challenges and elevate the potential of SPs to revolutionize industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, food, and biotechnology.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.182-186
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• 2000

Chondroitin sulfates proteoglycans were isolated from human placenta. For the identification of enzymatic digestion products of isolated proteoglycan, strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) was performed. By the action of chondroitin ABC and chondroitin B lyase, three unsaturated disaccharides 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose ($\delta$Di-OS), 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-su lfo-D-galactose ($\delta$Di-6S) and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gl uco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose ($\delta$Di-4S) were produced from the human placenta proteoglycan. The anticoagulant activity of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay and thrombin time (TT) assay. The clotting times of aPTT and TT were increased from 72 to 144 sec and 19 to 27 sec, respectively. The Immune-modulating activity of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was examined by cell proliferation assay and these results suggest that it may play a role in suppression of the function of immune-related cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.949-953
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• 2001

Persimmon has been considered to have a therapeutic value diseases in Korea, Dried, persimmon was applied to a wounded part for an anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, Anti-coagulating activity has been detected in persimmon by a thrombin-induced clotting assay using human plasma. The anti-coagulating activity was detectible in stem, pulp, core, leaf, and seed of persimmon The stem part of persimmon contains maximal anti-coagulating activity after-size-fractionation. Both of an anticoagulant and its denaturating factor were present in persimmon pulp. The concentration of anti-coagulating activity was determined and compared in different harvesting time, species, and available foods. The level of anti-coagulating activity was highest in persimmon(Fuyu)harvested in November. The anti-coagulating activity was decreased significantly in its processed foods. Persimmon could be expected to be effective in prevention of diseases induced by excess coagulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.835-840
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of body and visceral portion of Haliotis discus hannai on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity. Extracts from both abalone body and visceral portion using 80% ethanol showed a high ACE-inhibitory effect. While ACE-inhibitory effect of extracts of the body part was dose-dependent, visceral extracts did not show any difference by the level of concentration. ACE-inhibitory effect of the visceral portion was much higher than that of the body. Antioxidant capacity was increased with increasing concentration of 80% ethanol body extracts although the capacity was low. The 80% ethanol visceral extracts showed a similar level of antioxidant capacity to the body extract in low concentration. Water extracts showed a dose-dependent increase in the activity. There was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity between the body and the visceral part. Anticoagulant capacity of 80% ethanol extracts, which was measured using prothrombin time(PT), was higher in the body part than the visceral part. Water extracts of Haliotis discus showed no any significant effect on anticoagulant capacity. The in vitro effects were also examined after Haliotis discus was refrigerated for 48 hours. Higher ACE-inhibitory effect was observed for the visceral portion than the body, in particular, before the sample was refrigerated. Antioxidant effect of Haliotis discus increased with increasing level of the sample before it was refrigerated. However, there was a significant difference between the body and the visceral part, which showed significantly higher capacity. There was no significant difference between the body and visceral part in PT regardless of refrigeration. While activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) showed no significant difference between body and visceral part, there was a significant difference in the capacity between before and after the refrigeration, which showed much lower coagulant capacity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2010

Fucoidans, polysaccharides that are composed of fucose, uronic acids, galactose and xylose, are one of the main constituents of brown seaweeds. For the past decade algal fucoidans have been extensively studied due to their biological activities including anticoagulant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, contraceptive and antiviral activities. Even though fucoidan is known as a highly functionality derivative, its industrial applications have been limited because of low inclusion efficiency and high cost of manufacturing. Furthermore the sea-weed smell of fucoidan has been a limiting factor for the application especially in food and cosmetic area. The potential application of various extraction technology and deodorization of sea-weed smell is highly required for a wider application of fucoidan. As an alternative extraction process, enzymatic hydrolysis process or ultra-high pressure treatment has been investigated for the improvement of production yield and bioefficacy of fucoidan. More intensive research on the fucoidan production technology and its application in nutraceutical and cosmoceutical area is needed.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

Sulfated polysaccharides from plants or seaweed are well known for antioxidant, anticoagulant activity or other biological activities. The aim of the present study is to optimize the condition for the isolation of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP) and evaluate the biological activity. WSP was isolated from defatted microalgae B. braunii using chlorosulfonic acid or sulfuric acid. Among WSP isolated using sulfuric acid showed the lowest the content of total carbohydrates (g/L), whereas showed the highest antioxidant activity. Also the preliminary structural analysis of WSP was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate various physiochemical activities of carrageenan hydrolysates obtained with organic acid treatments. The hydrolysates treated with citrate and malate at $100^{\circ}C,\;110^{\circ}C\;and\;120^{\circ}C$ had antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Especially, the hydrolysates with malate at $120^{\circ}C$ for 180 min treatment had the strongest antimicrobial activity to Bacillus subtilis. Regardless of the hydrolysis conditions, inhibition ratios of tyrosinase activity by citrate and malate under $100{\sim}120^{\circ}C$ were over 97%. Especially, the inhibition ratios for tyrosinase activity of the hydrolysates obtained with citrate at $100^{\circ}C$ for 180 min and at $120^{\circ}C$ for 90 min were 99.4% and 98.2%, respectively. Also, the inhibition ratios for tyrosinase activity of the hydrolysates obtained with malate under the same conditions were about 99.5% and 99.3%, respectively. The APTT as anticoagulant activity of carrageenan hydrolysates with 0.3% malate and citrate at $80^{\circ}C$ for 180 min were $2,451{\pm}18(sec)\;and\;1,617{\pm}15(sec)$, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2024

Dioscorea alata L, commonly known as "tropical yam" is the most widely consumed yam species among the 650 yam species belonging to the Dioscoreacea family. It is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is a major food source in Africa and India. Also, it is used for medicinal purposes, particularly in China and Taiwan, for its anti-inflammatory properties. In comparison to other yam varieties such as D. batatas or D. opposita, the tropical yam has gained popularity in Korea due to its higher yield per unit area. In this study, the nutritional characteristics and anti-thrombosis activity of the aerial bulbils of D. alata L. tropical yam were compared to those of D. opposita. The results showed that the aerial bulbils of tropical yam exhibited nutritional characteristics and potent anticoagulant activity compared to those of domestic yam varieties. The bulbils extract of tropical yam showed superior anticoagulant activities against thrombin, prothrombin and blood coagulation factors. Furthermore, the bulbils extract of tropical yam exhibited strong platelet aggregation inhibition at 0.25 mg/ml and showed no hemolytic activity up to a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. These findings suggest the potential development of high-value anti-thrombosis agents utilizing the aerial bulbils of tropical yam.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.266-274
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• 2001

The chemical properties and physiological activities of the freeze-dried stromata of Cordyceps militaris were examined. A proximate analysis exhibited that the stromata consisted mainly of crude carbohydrate (74.3%), crude protein (11.5%), and moisture content (8.7%), with a low content of crude ash (4.%) and fat (1.3%). The carbohydrate was mostly composed of glucose (88.6%). A large quantity of essential fatty acids, including linolenic acid (33.8%) was also observed. An analysis of the component amino acid showed a relatively high ratio of the essential amino acids, lysine (101.2 mg/g), methionine (62.7 mg/g), and acidic amino acids of glutamic aicd (57.5 mg/g) and aspartic acid (43.9 mg/g), whereas a low of tyrosine content (4.7 mg/g). An examination of the cordycepin content indicated tht the stromata and mycelium-embedded media (silkworm pupae) contained 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively. From the examination of the physiological activities, based on methanol extract (M), ethylacetate extract (EA), and hot-water extract (HW) fractions of the stromata, the hot-water extract (HW) fraction showed the most potent intestinal immune modulating activity, anticoagulant activity, and anticomplementary activity, whereas the ethylacetate extract (EA) fraction exhihited a radical scavenging activity. Therefore, the results from the present study indicate that the stromata of C. militaris contain various healthy chemical ingredients, and that especially boiled water extract of whole body would apprear to provide beneficial physiological activities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

Chemical properties and physiological activities of the freeze-dried synnemata of Beauveria bassiana were examined. A proximate analysis showed that the synnemata consisted mainly of carbohydrate (49.86%), protein 11.36%), and a moisture content of 30.64%. It contained a low amount of crude ash (4.76%) and fat (3.38%). The carbohydrate was composed mainly of mannose (52.3%), galactose (31.5%), glucose (13.2%), and rhamnose (3%). Trace amounts of arabinose, xylose, and fructose were present. Major amino acids In the synnemata were glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, arginine, threonine, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine, and aspartic acid with the amounts of 30.42, 25.22, 17.17, 15.12, 12.65, 15.23, 12.47, 11.47, 14.24, and 17.17 mg/g, respectively. Among extracts from the synnemata, the hot-water extract showed 67% of anticomplementary activity compared to that of the positive control, followed by ethyl acetate extract (17%) and methanol extract (15%). The hot-water extract also had anticoagulant activity with 55 sec of coagulating time and this fraction exhibited the most potent Intestinal immune system modulating activity. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibitory activity (25%) on the 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-induced superoxide ($O_2^-$) generation, followed by hot-water extract (18%) and ethyl acetate extract (10%). The data in the present study indicate that the extract of Beauveria bassiana synnemata contains some healthful chemical ingredients and it could provide beneficial physiological activities. These features of the synnemata should be of interest to the food industry as well as other industrial fields.