• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to investigate the biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility and toxin(ST, LT, VT1.2 type) production test of 60 Escherichia coli isolated from diseased domestic animals in southern area of Kyungbuk province from April to December 1997. 1. The biochemical and cultural reaction were consistent with the classification criteria of Edwards and Ewing. 2. In antibiotic susceptibility test, 60 E coli showed highly susceptible to CL(96.7%), XNL(86.7%), AN(81.7%), SXT(61.7%), Lin(55%), GM(53.3%), KM(41.7%), N(41.7%), ENR(40%), AM(40%), CF(30%), 5(13.3%) and Te(11.7%), in order. 3. Sixty E coli isolates were multiful resistant to seven or more antibiotics incombination. 4. Three strains for 60 E coli were detected heat-labile enterotoxin(LT) and that's titers were 2, 8 and 16, respectively.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.163-166
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• 2011

Oral viridans streptococci are recognized as one of the etiological agents of a variety of infectious diseases such as dental caries and infective endocarditis. Although antimicrobial susceptibility tests for these fastidious bacterial species are now established and standardized, a comparison between the broth microdilution and broth macrodilution tests has not previously been performed. This comparison was performed in the present study using the tests adopted by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and seven clinical isolates of oral viridans streptococcal strains. A modified broth macrodilution susceptibility test method was also included in this analysis, in which the media was not supplemented with horse blood. The susceptibility interpretation category agreements were measured at 83% (broth microdilution versus broth macrodilution) and 71% (broth microdilution versus modified broth macrodilution). The interpretation category agreement between the broth macrodilution and modified broth macrodilution tests was also 83%. These data indicate that the interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility test results for oral viridans streptococci are influenced by the methods used.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.29.1-29.5
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• 2023

An adult raccoon dog with extensive, deep, and contaminated wounds on the right hip and multiple fractures was rescued. The open wound was managed daily by debridement and flushing for 3 weeks. Modified active drainage was then performed, and antibiotics administered according to the antibiotic susceptibility test. After 2 weeks, the exudate disappeared and the drain was removed. After monitoring for 1 month, the animal was released in to the wild. This case shows that even if infection remains, rapid wound repair is possible if appropriate antibiotic selection through regular examination and active drainage are combined.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.191-204
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• 2019

The 20-kHz ultrasonic irradiation was applied to investigate bacterial inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility changes over time. Applied intensities of ultrasound power were varied at 27.7 W and 39.1 W by changing the amplitude 20 to 40 to three bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus). By 15-min irradiation, E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium, showed 1.2- to 1.6-log removals, while the gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, showed below 0.5-log removal efficiencies. Antibiotic susceptibility of penicillin-family showed a dramatic increase at E. coli, but for other antibiotic families showed no significant changes in susceptibility. Gram-positive bacteria showed no significant differences in their antibiotic susceptibilities after ultrasound irradiation. Bacterial re-survival and antibiotic susceptibility changes were measured by incubating the ultrasound-irradiated samples. After 24-hour incubation, it was found that all of three bacteria were repropagated to the 2- to 3-log greater than the initial points, and antibiotic inhibition zones were reduced compared to ones of the initial points, meaning that antibiotic resistances were also recovered. Pearson correlations between bacterial inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility showed negative relation for gram-negative bacteria, E. coli., and no significant relations between bacterial re-survival and its inhibition zone. As a preliminary study, further researches are necessary to find practical and effective conditions to achieve bacteria inactivation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2020

Clostridial bacteria are zoonotic agents, which cause severe necrotizing enteritis, pseudo-membrane colitis, enterotoxemia to both humans and animals. The objective of this study was to monitor the antibiotic resistance of Clostridium isolates on clinical specimens from wild animals in Seoul zoo for 5 years. Clostridium isolates were verified by using Vitek2 compact machine. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by antibiotic disc diffusion test, which was followed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test method. The frequency of Antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium isolate was the greatest in gentamicin (87%), then in order of amikacin (80%). There were 55.6% of Clostridium isolates showed multiple drug resistance (MDR). These results showed that a lot of Clostridial bacteria from wild animals in Seoul zoo were acquired antibiotic resistance. Because of the wild animal's aggressive manner, it has been hard to collect clinical samples from wild animals in a zoo to exam antibiotic susceptibility. For these reasons, empirical use of antibiotics has been performed in frequently. It may cause to increase the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria. In addition, the antibiotic resistance bacteria from zoo animals can be spread to other wild animals which inhabit around the zoo. Therefore, regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance Clostridial bacteria is important to protect animals and humans from Clostridial diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical characteristics, the population and antibiotic susceptibility test of Clostridium perfringens isolated from intestinal contents of slaughter cattle in Kyung-ju and Po-hang. 1. In slaughter cattle Cl perfringens were isolated from intestinal contents of 51 of 101 cases(50.4%) and the population were $\leq$$10^5$cfu/ml of 44 cases(86.3%). 2. In antibiotic susceptibility test, ampicillin, bacitracin, cephalothin, penicillin polymyxin B were highly susceptible, ohloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline were lowly susceptible, gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxine, sulfamethazine were resistant. 3. In leaving test intestinal contents leaved for 0, 4, 8, 16, 32 hours in room temperature and population of Cl perfringens were gradually increased.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.289-292
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• 1998

Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolates from fecal specimens of healthy sheep and dogs were performed from December, 1995 to November, 1996 in Kwang-ju and Chonnam area. C. perfringens was isolated in 3 strains(15.0%) out of 20 healthy sheep and 2 strains(6.7%) out of 30 healthy dogs. In antibiotic susceptibility test of C. perfringens, 80% of the isolates was susceptible to ampicillin, baytril, and penicillin, 60% to cephalothin, and 40% to erythromycin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.225-230
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• 2021

A 4-year-old gelding Thoroughbred racehorse, which had been undergoing antibiotic therapy at a local veterinary clinic, was referred to the KRA veterinary center with a 20-day history of continuous right nasal discharge. Patient's history, endoscopic examination, and radiographic examination revealed primary maxillary sinusitis. Under sedation, surgical intervention was performed to collect samples and remove the accumulated mucopurulent exudate in the sinus. Swab samples were collected from the sinus during surgery for cytology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Only one type of bacteria was cultured, and molecular analyses of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences identified it as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The isolate was resistant to multiple antibiotics, which are frequently used in equine practice. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was chosen based on antibiotic susceptibility test, trephination, and sinus lavage using saline were applied to treat bacterial sinusitis. The clinical signs improved after 1 month and the patient resumed training. This report describes S. aureus isolated from bacterial maxillary sinusitis in a horse and its antibiotic susceptibility.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.227-239
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• 2022

Purpose: In our study, in order to find lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, we isolated 140 strains from 15 types of kimchi commercially available in Korea and 20 types of Kimchi made at home from January to December in 2016, and investigated their H₂O₂ generating ability and multi-drug resistance to antibiotics. Methods: In order to observe the H₂O₂ generation ability of LAB, we performed the experiment with methods such as Rabe, Hillier, and Kang. To test the antibacterial susceptibility of LAB, we used the disc agar diffusion method using MRS agar (Difco, USA) according to the CLSI and WHO test methods. There are 18 types of antibiotic discs used. Results: Out of the total numbers of 140 strains, 6 strains of Ent. Faecium, 25 strains of L. plantarum, 1 strain of L. rhamnosus, 3 strains of L. sakei, 1 strain of L. acidophilus, 1 strains St. thermophilus, and 7 of unidentified strains generated H₂O₂. The antibiotic susceptibility of Ent. Faecium indicated SXT, OX, NA, and E; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. plantarum indicated NA; and the antibiotic susceptibility of St. thermophilus indicated NA, CC, RA, CTT, CM, and P ; and the antibiotic susceptibility of L. rhamnosus indicated SXT, VA, NA and CTT; and the antibiotic susceptibility of 6 strains of L. sakei indicated SXT, OX, NOR, NA, CTT and CIP, all indicating antibiotic resistance. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for 53 strains of L. antarum, 8-drug resistance was the most common with 25 strains, followed by 7-drug-resistant strains with 18 strains, 9-drug-resistant strains with 4 strains, 6-drug-resistant strains with 3 strains, 5-drug-resistant strains with 2 strains, and 17-drug-resistant strains with 1 strain. In the case of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics for Ent. Faecium 27 strains, 9-drug resistance was most commonly identified as 9 strains, 8-drug resistance was identified as 6 strains, 7- and 11 drug resistances were identified as 4 strains each, and 4- and 6-drug resistances were identified as 1 strain each. Conclusion: Ent. Faecium, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. sakei, and St. thermophilus, shown to have anantibacterial activity in previous studies on LAB and shown to have and H₂O₂ generating ability, antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance in this study, are expected to be able to play an excellent role for long-term inpatients to use as an alternative to antibiotics and to cope with emerging antibiotic resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2000

The most proper antibiotic must be selected after antimicrobial susceptibility test. If difference in antimicrobial susceptibility was significant between oral sampling sites, it is rationale to use the most susceptible antibiotic agent respond to dental procedure and object of treatment. This study examined sampling site variation from saliva, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque of 16 children's oral microbes. The cultured bacterial isolates, which were Streptococcus viridans and Neisseria, were examined for 10 antimicribial drugs with the Bauer-Kirby agar disk diffusion method. The used drugs were Penicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Cephalothin, Imipenem, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin. There was no significant difference between three sampling sites for antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. viridans and Neisseria and the sequence of susceptibility was agreed among them. In conclusion, it was suggested that antimicrobial susceptibility test from saliva, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque of children have no significant sampling site variation.