• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.47
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• pp.143-160
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• 1999

The purpose of this dissertation is to interpret fashion through a socio-cultural phenomenon called kitsch by understanding its aesthetic characteristics and clarifying its significance in the modern consumer society and analyzing the examples of kitsch appearing in modern fashion. The following are the arguments and conclusion of this dissertation. First kitsch has negative meanings such as aesthetic inadequacy or bad tastes implying vulgar popular tastes of faked sensations just imitating elite culture and using things indiscriminately for inferior reproduction or at best the philosophical and aesthetic category that expresses the mass of people's attitudes toward life in accepting the consumer culture of the industrial society. It started from the art of romanticism accompanied by th commercializing of art with the bourgeois society background formed in the mid-19th century. Though kitsch started to prevail following the socio-cultural changes caused by the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century it is only in the late 20th century that kitsch has come tc our everyday life and has become an object of aesthetic arguments. Second formative characteristics of kitsch appearin in fashion have a cumulative inadequate romantic pleasure-seeking satirizing and multicomplex nature. Third the socio-cultural meanings of kitsch appearing in fashion are as follows: The extension of commercialism which gratifies the pleasure-seeking mass consumers the enlargement of the aesthetic category by inclining to everyday commonplace aesthetic sense the expression of one's identity through the gratification of desire and the new aesthetics of resistance and deviance by an anti-traditional and anti-elite tendency towards the traditional society and aesthetic values.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2016

Many researchers revealed that collagen contribute to maintaining the skin’s elasticity and inhibit wrinkling of skin. Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) bone (leg bone, foot and tail) infusion contains the various inorganic materials, collagen and chondroitin sulfate. All of this, a large quantity of collagen is included in Hanwoo infusion. Therefore, this study emphasized on the effects of collagen in the Hanwoo bone infusion. For the first time, Hanwoo bone infusions were directly added to the media of Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF-c) to test anti-aging effects. First, it was identified that growth rate of skin fibroblast was increased. Furthermore, the Hanwoo bone infusion increased a 50% of fibroblast collagen synthesis. Also, suppression of skin fibroblast aging was confirmed by treatment Hanwoo bone infusion. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effects of infusion made from Hanwoo leg bone, foot and tail on anti-aging, wrinkle inhibiting and skin fibroblast elasticity maintaining. Therefore, this study identified that traditional infusion has effects that are good for skin elasticity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.664-670
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• 2016

Cheonggukjang (CKJ) is a Korean traditional food made of fermented soybeans. In comparison to normal intake of soybeans, Cheonggukjang has high digestibility with bioactive, antioxidant substances, and thrombolytic enzymes. Recent studies have reported anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity activities as well as inhibitory activities against osteoporosis for CKJ. In this study, we identified the effects of CKJ on osteoblast differentiation by increasing the polyglutamic acid (PGA) content of CKJ. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization significantly increased in response to treatment with both natural CKJ (CKJ A) and PGA-increased CKJ (CKJ B). However, CKJ B exhibited higher ALP activity and mineralization than CKJ A. Real-time reverse transcription PCR demonstrated that mRNA expression of osteoblastic-associated genes such as type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin in C2C12 cells was significantly up-regulated by CKJ A or B treatment. These results indicate that treatment with CKJ has an anabolic effect on bone by increasing osteoblastic differentiation and ALP activity. Increasing PGA content in CKJ had a greater effect than CKJ A on up-regulation of osteoblastic gene expression in osteoblast cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2015

Objectives : Ojeok-san (OJS), an oriental herbal formula, has been used in Asian countries including Korea, China and Japan to treat the common cold and illnesses including fatigue and gastrointestinal disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-obesity effect and molecular mechanism of OJS, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Also, the effects of OJS in obese mice fed a high-fat diet on adiposity were examined.Methods : Preferentially, we analyzed the component of OJS and measured the stability of its component in OJS according to study periods using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with OJS (50 to 200 μg/mL) during differentiation for 8 days. The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining. The expressions of genes related to adipogenesis were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. For anti-obesty effect in vivo, we experimented for 8 weeks with four group (normal diet (CON), high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet with OJS (HF+OJS) and high-fat diet with Bang-pung-tong-sung-san (HF+BTS) in comparison group HF+OJS).Results : OJS showed inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation at 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without affect cell toxicity as assessed by measuring fat accumulation and adipogenesis. In addition, OJS significantly reduced the expression levels of several adipocyte marker genes including proliferator activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α(C/EBP-α). Also OJS-administered mice showed significant inhibitory of body weights and abdominal adipose tissue weights.Conclusions : This study showed that traditional medicine OJS has an anti-obesity effect in vitro and in vivo. Thus, OJS could be developed as a supplement for reduction of body weight gain induced by an obesity.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

Plants are a traditional source of many chemicals used as biochemical, flavors, food, color, and pharmaceuticals in various countries, especially India. Most herbal medicines and their derivatives are often made from crude extracts containing a complex mixture of various phytochemical chemical components (secondary metabolites of the plants). This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from the different parts of the plant from the ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis (leaves, flower, stem) by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of various compounds like 3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol, hexanoic acid, D-mannose, and N-decanoic acid. Hence, the Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis may have chemopreventive, anti-cancer, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant, anti-diabetic activity, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract. These phytochemicals are supported for traditional use in a variety of diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.273-283
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• 1996

In order to search for anti-influenza virus type A agents from Korean traditional prescriptions (herb complexes), we selected 63 traditional prescriptions, based on a review of the Korean traditional medicine books. Both methanol extracts and boiling-water extracts were tested, by means of the Haemagglutination Inhibition Test (HIT). Three of the 63 methanol extracts: CM-22, CM-26, CM-48 (see explanation of nomenclature below), showed efficacy against influenza virus type ACM-22 showed anti-influenza virus type A activity at the range of $313{\mu}g/ml$ to $9.75{\mu}g/ml$, CM-26 showed antiviral activity at the range of $156{\mu}l/ml$ to $4.87{\mu}g/ml$, CM-48 showed anti-influenza virus type A activity at the range of $625{\mu}g/ml$ to $19.5{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Three of the water extracts: CW-14, CW-34, CW-61 were active. CW-14 showed anti-influenza virus type A activity at the range of l0mg/ml to $78{\mu}g/ml$, CW-34 showed antiviral activity at the range of 10mg/ml to $625{\mu}g/ml$ and CW-61 showed anti-influenza virus type A activity at the range of l0mg/ml to $313{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In order to determine cytotoxicity of each extracts, chicken red blood cells were incubated with the various concentration of extracts of Korean traditional prescriptions. CW-14, CW-34 and CW-61 did not show cytotoxic effect against red blood cells whereas CM-22, CM-26 and CM-48 showed cytotoxic effect against red blood cells at the range of l0mg/ml to $625{\mu}g/ml$, 10mg/ml to $313{\mu}g/ml$ and 10mg/ml to $313{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. These results indicated that Korean traditional pres criptions may be inhibit either attachment of virus to cell surface receptor or penetration of the virus into cell during the initial stage of infection.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.680-688
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• 2016

Sipyukmiryuki-eum (SYMYKE), Danjacheongpi-tang (DJCPT), Jipae-san Ⅰ (JPS Ⅰ), Jipae-san Ⅱ (JPS Ⅱ), and Chungganhaeul-tang (CGHUT) are representative herb-combined remedies used in traditional Korean medicine for treating breast cancer patients, as mentioned in "Dongeuibogam." In this study, we investigated the total phenolic contents (TPCs) and the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities of hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of these herbal prescriptions. Among the five herb-combined remedies, the extraction yields of the hot water extracts and 70% ethanol extracts were the highest in JPS Ⅱ (34.30%) and DJCPT (30.50%), respectively. The TPCs of the hot water extracts from the herb medicines were rich in the order of JPS Ⅰ < CGHUT < JPS Ⅱ < SYMYKE < DJCPT. In addition, the 70% ethanol extracts from the herb medicines were rich in the order of JPS Ⅱ < JPS Ⅰ < CGHUT < SYMYKE < DJCPT. Among them, DJCPT and SYMYKE displayed a strong anti-oxidant capability, which was determined using ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power and scavenging of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical activity assays. In addition, anti-microbial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were stronger in the 70% ethanol extracts than in the hot water extracts. Together, these findings reveal a positive relationship between TPCs and their anti-oxidant activities.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.867-876
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine the attitudes of 397 housewives on the function, preference, eating frequency, and manufacturing procedures of traditional doenjang and traditional soy sauce by age in Seoul. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 95.5% of the housewives recognized a necessity for traditional doenjang and soy sauce, and 88.7% of them considered traditional doenjang and soy sauce as being 'good for health', as compared to marketplace doenjang and soy sauce. Also, the proportion of those holding this view of 'good for health' increased with increasing age. The believed functions for traditional doenjang and soy sauce were 'anti-cancer effects' (87.1%), 'prevention of obesity' (51.1%), and 'prevention of constipation' (38.5%). The preference for traditional doenjang or soy sauce by those in their 60s (4.65, 4.45) was higher than by those in their 20s (4.05, 3.65). The frequency of intake for traditional doenjang increased with increasing age. The main reasons for frequently consuming traditional doenjang and soy sauce were 'good for health' (64.0%, 59.2%) and 'delicious' (58.5%, 57.1%). The main reason for not frequently consuming traditional doenjang and soy sauce was 'I have no traditional doenjang or soy sauce' (71.4%, 71.6%). About 39.5% of the housewives manufactured traditional doenjang and soy sauce at home. Those in their 60s (78.1%) manufactured more traditional doenjang and soy sauce than those in their 20s (25.0%), 30s (22.4%), 40s (37.7%), and 50s (52.9%).

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 1999

The effect on the promotion of health by the proper drinking of traditional alcohols was presented. It was proved t fat proper extents of drinking reduce lethal rate and improve physical body condition. The anti- carcinogenic effect of traditional wine from K company was also revised. The destination of traditional wine approached by the use of unprecooked method was also suggested as one of various models which produce excellent products. The diversity for a future survival should be acquired by sterilized Takju, various traditional wines, Liquors, and Soju of wine remainder. The operation of traditional alcoholic museum was also revised.

• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.14.1-14.6
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• 2018

Santalum album Linn. [Family: Santalaceae] is commonly known as white sandalwood, sandal safaid and safed chandan. It is one of the most valuable trees and second costliest wood in the world. Sandalwood and its oil is extensively used in the Unani and other traditional systems of medicine as it has blood purifier, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, exhilarant, cardiotonic, antiseptic, nervine tonic and expectorant properties. It is used in skin, cardiac, liver, gastrointestinal, respiratory, integument and urogenital disorders. These uses are supported and proven by many in vitro or in vivo studies. The proven pharmacological activities of S. album are antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anti-fatigue. The research has proven that sandal oil or its constituents have anti-microbial activity. Sandalwood oil showed skin cancer preventive effect in mice and its constituent alpha santalol showed the anticancer property. The methanolic extract of wood was confirmed for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ santalols present in sandal oil showed sedative effects. Sandalwood tea had a significant effect on heart muscles of frog and showed increased myocardial contractility. Its oil showed significant changes in hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Sandalwood oil and its major constituents showed less acute oral and dermal toxicity in laboratory animals. Hence, the aforementioned studies justify the uses of sandalwood and its oil mentioned in the classical Unani literature. However, further clinical trials are suggested to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans.