• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.837-844
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• 2014

This study was carried out to analyze the differences in p-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol (HBA) content, antitumor and anti-obesity activities and tyrosinase inhibitory activity between non-fermented G. elata (NFGP) and fermented G. elata powder. The HBA content, which is an index-component of G. elata decreased from 1.58 mg/g before fermentation to 1.07, 0.32, and 0.13 mg/g after the $1^{st}$ fermentation ($1^{st}$ FGP), $2^{nd}$ fermentation ($2^{nd}$ FGP) and $3^{rd}$ fermentation ($3^{rd}$ FGP), respectively. The anti-proliferation effects on the cell lines HT29 and AGS were significantly higher for the fermented G. elata than the NFGP. The antitumor activity was also increased in a fermentation number-dependent manner. During adipocyte differentiation, the ethanol extract of the $3^{rd}$ FGP inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells significantly better than NFGP and the $1^{st}$ FGP, treated at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/mL$. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the $2^{nd}$ FGP at $600{\mu}g/mL$ over was higher than that of kojic acid. At the concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was increased in a fermentation number-dependent manner. From these results, the fermented G. elata, especially the $3^{rd}$ FGP, is expected to be good candidate for the development of functional food and agents with antitumor, anti-obesity, and tyrosinase inhibitory potential.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.888-895
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• 2017

솔장다리(S. collina)는 건조한 대지에 널리 분포되어 있는 한해살이 식물로 한방에서는 고혈압의 치료에 사용되어왔으며 선행연구를 통해 솔장다리가 보유한 항산화 및 항암 활성을 밝힌바 있다. 본 연구에서는 솔장다리 에탄올 추출물(SCEE)의 항비만 활성을 췌장 lipase 효소 활성 억제능과 세포실험계를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 SCEE는 농도 의존적으로 lipase 효소 활성을 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 3T3-L1 preadipocyte를 이용하여 지방세포 분화 및 지방생성, 생성된 지방의 분해에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 지방세포 분화, 세포 내 지방 축적, TG 함량 등을 독성 없이 농도의존적으로 억제하였고, 지방세포 내 중성지방을 유의적으로 분해시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 솔장다리의 지방세포 분화 억제능은 핵심 작용 인자인 $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $C/EBP{\beta}$, 그리고 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 유전자 및 단백질 발현조절에서 기인함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 솔장다리가 보유한 췌장 lipase 활성 저해능, 지방세포 분화 억제능, 지방세포 내 지방 분해능, 지방분화관련 인자 신호전달기전 조절을 통한 항비만 활성을 처음으로 밝혀낸 것이며 추후 계속적인 연구를 통해 활성 물질의 규명이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.55-55
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• 2023

With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is increasing interest in anti-obesity strategies. According to the National Statistical Office, the obesity rate in Korea was 38.3% in 2020 and 37.1% in 2021. Obesity is a risk factor for several severe diseases, including stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Pinus rigida × Pinus taeda is a hybrid of Pinus rigida Mill and Pinus taeda Linn, and its cones are considered a by-product. Although previous studies have investigated their pharmacological effects on antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative DNA damage, few researchers have explored their potential as functional natural materials. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of the cone of ethyl acetate fraction of P. rigida × P. taeda (ERT), specifically its ability to inhibit lipid accumulation. Our analysis showed that ERT contains phytochemicals (catechin and caffeic acid) which are known to improve immune function and inhibit cell damage. ERT inhibited lipid droplet accumulation at the cellular levels through Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, ERT suppressed the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ and CEBP/α) as well as downstream lipogenic target genes (FAS and SREBP-1) thereby inhibiting adipogenesis. ERT also down-regulated key adipogenic markers, including aP2α, while inducing the phosphorylation of AMPK. It has been reported that PPARγ and CEBP/α are expressed in the early stages of adipose differentiation, while SREBP-1 is expressed in the late stage. Therefore, our findings suggest that ERT activates AMPK signaling pathways, which inhibits adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1) and lipogenic genes (FAS and aP2α), thereby blocking lipid accumulation and preventing obesity and related disorders. ERT showed potential as a new resource for developing a functional material for anti-obesity agents.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2021

The in vitro anti-obesity activity of 12 species of tree sprouts in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and the mechanisms underlying their activity were evaluated. (+)-Catechin and quercetin concentrations in the sprouts were analyzed by HPLC/UV at 270 and 254 nm, respectively. Euonymus alatus (EAT) and Fraxinus mandschuria (FMS) extracts at doses of 50 and 100 ㎍/mL inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, EAT and FMS downregulated the expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, adipogenesis-related proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and adipocyte P-2α in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Tree sprouts with an abundant flavonoid content exerted the highest anti-obesity activity. Concentrations of total flavonoids were the highest in FMS (24.281 mg/g DW) sprouts. These findings could be used to develop health-promoting functional foods or supplements derived from tree sprouts.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.554-569
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus plantarum K10. The ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibitory activity, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity, and lipase inhibitory activity of L. plantarum K10 was $94.66{\pm}4.34%$, $99.78{\pm}0.12%$, and $87.40{\pm}1.41%$, respectively. Moreover, the strain inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells ($32.61{\pm}8.32%$) at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. In order to determine its potential for use as a probiotic, we investigated the physiological characteristics of L. plantarum K10. L. plantarum K10 was resistant to gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol. It also showed higher Leucine arylamidase, Valine arylamidase, and ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid, exhibiting resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 90.71%, 11.86%, 14.19%, and 23.08%, respectively. The strain did not produce biogenic amines and showed higher adhesion to HT-29 cells compared to L. rhamnosus GG. As a result of the animal study, L. plantarum K10 showed significantly lower body weight compared to the high-fat diet group. The administration of L. plantarum K10 resulted in a reduction of subcutaneous fat mass and mesenteric fat mass compared to the high-fat diet (HFD) group. L. plantarum K10 also showed improvement in gut permeability compared to the HFD positive control group. These results demonstrate that L. plantarum K10 has potential as a probiotic with anti-obesity effects.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.385-389
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 솔잎 추출물(PDL)의 항비만활성을 검증하기 위해, PDL이 3T3-L1에서 DMI/insulin에 의해 유도되는 과도한 지질 형성을 억제하는지 평가하였다. 본 결과를 미루어 볼 때, PDL은 지방세포의 adipogenesis과 관련된 PPARγ, CEBPα 그리고 perilipin-1의 발현을 억제하여 과도한 지질형성을 억제하는 것으로 판단되며, PDL은 향후 비만 예방 및 치료를 위한 잠재적 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 본 연구는 PDL이 항비만 활성이 있는지 검증한 초기 단계 연구로 추가적인 기전연구와 동물기반 전임상 항비만활성 검증이 필요하다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the anti-obesity effects of raw and pickled garlic in vitro in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: The pickled garlic samples comprised the following: garlic aged in vinegar (VG), garlic aged in soy sauce, and vinegar (1:1, v/v) (PG) and raw garlic (RG) as control. Hexane, butanol, and distilled water were used to prepare the fractions. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was used as a measure of anti-obesity effects of the extracts. The lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride content in the 3T3-L1 cells were measured using Oil red O staining and triglyceride assay kits, respectively. The adipogenesis related protein expression levels were analyzed using the kits and the western blot method. Results: The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the garlic extracts (VG, PG, RG) was the highest in the butanol fraction, and the inhibitory effect was the highest in RG, followed by PG and VG. All garlic butanol extracts suppressed triglyceride accumulation in differentiated adipocytes (P<0.05) through the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), AMP-activated protein kinase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, and the inhibition of fatty acid synthase. Raw garlic extracts significantly inhibited the expression of proteins involved in adipogenesis as compared to pickled garlic. Conclusions: Raw garlic has the potential to be an effective natural material for reducing obesity compared to pickled garlic with vinegar or soy sauce.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary effects of chitosan mixture (CM), an herbal medicine mixture with Sukjihwang (HS), and CM containing HS (CHS) on obesity in an induced obese model of rats fed high-fat only (HF), in which supplemented diets of 5% CM (HCM), 5% HS (HHS), or 2.5% CM-2.5% HS (HCH) was tested for 6 weeks. Body weight gains, obesity indexes, and body fat contents in the experimental groups (HCM, HHS, HCH) were decreased compared with HF group. The levels of serum triglyceride, total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the experimental groups were markedly decreased, however HDL-cholesterol levels in the experimental groups were slightly increased compared with HF group. In addition, although serum ALT and AST activity, and relative organ weights were lower than those of HF group, serum albumin contents were not significantly different in all experimental groups including the normal control group (NC). In conclusion, there are improved effects on obesity in the obese model of animals with all experimental diets supplementations, and the improvement degrees on obesity depend on the content and compositions of the herbal medicine mixture. Further study is needed on the anti-obesity mechanism of these diets.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2013

Objectives We performed the simultaneous analysis for three compounds in Cheongsimyeonja-tang (CSYJT) and evaluated its anti-obesity effect. Methods The column for separation of three compounds was used Gemini $C_{18}$ column and maintained at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase for gradient elution consisted of two solvent systems. The analysis was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with PDA detection at 275 nm. The injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes by adding insulin, dexamethasone and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) for 8 days in the absence or presence of CSYJT. Anti-obesity effects of CSYJT were evaluated by Oil Red O staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, triglyceride contents, and leptin production. Results Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$ >0.9999. The contents of baicalin, wogonoside and baicalein in CSYJT were 14.54-14.65 mg/g, 5.24-5.27 mg/g and 0.01-0.02 mg/g, respectively. CSYJT showed inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation and GPDH activity in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, CSYJT significantly decreased contents of triglyceride and leptin production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusions These results will be helpful to improve quality control and anti-obesity effect of Taeeumin CSYJT.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2022

비만은 에너지의 섭취와 소비의 불균형으로 지방조직이 비정상적으로 분화하면서 생기는 대사질환으로 알려져있다. 본 연구에서는 본 연구는 적양파 추출물 처리에 따른 Pancreatic lipase 억제, 지방세포분화 억제 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 적양파추출물 처리에 따른 활성은 지방세포 분화 및 관련 유전자에 대한 평가는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용하고 Real-Time PCR을 통하여 확인하였다. 실험 결과, Pancreatic lipase 활성 억제 실험에서 적양파 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 lipase 활성을 억제하였다. 지방세포분화 실험을 수행한 결과, insulin, dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine(MDI)등으로 분화 유도된 3T3-L1 세포에서 적양파 추출물은 지방전구세포의 분화를 억제하였으며 동시에 지방구 형성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 지방전구세포의 분화 과정과 관련된 C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, PPAR-γ의 발현을 억제하였다. 본 실험에서 적양파 추출물은 지방분해효소를 억제하며, 지방전구세포 분화와 관련된 유전자 발현을 억제함으로써 지방세포 분화 및 지방구형성을 억제할 수 있는 항비만 소재로의 개발 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.