• 약학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2001

To compare skin irritation and cytotoxicity of anti-wrinkle agents, we examined skin irritation of six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB) in New Zealand white rabbit. Cytotoxicity of these agents was determined by MTT [tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] at multi-time points in cultured HaCaT cell, a human immortalized keratinocyte cell. We then analyzed correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity by spearman's rank correlation analysis. All trans-retinoic acid showed the highest primary irritation index (0.92) in skin irritation test. Being all the six agents not irritant, retinal showed the most cytotoxic agents. The correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$/ at different time point was 0.814, 0.757, 0.814 and 0.7 at 3, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. We also fecund that IC$_{20}$ and IC$_{80}$ of these agents showed similar correlation with skin irritation. These results therefore demonstrated that there is close correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity $IC_{50}$/ value by MTT in HaCaT cell at early time points by anti-wrinkle agents or IC$_{20}$ value. $IC_{50}$/ at earily time point or IC$_{20}$ values may be reliable alternative determinant of skin irritation.n.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2001

In the present study, we examined eye irritation oj six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB). We also compared eye irritation with skin irritation and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells by these agents. The highest eye irritation was found in glycolic acid, but all trans-retinoic acid showed the highest skin irritation. The rank of eye irritation was not correlated with the cytotoxicity of agents. This result shows that eye irritation potency by these agents were not correlated with skin irritation potency, and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1994

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and skin irritation of piroxicam patch were investigated. Piroxicam patch increased the pain threshold in rat hind paw inflamed by carrageenan and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. Piroxicam patch also inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema in rat hind paw as well as the increased vascular permeability induced by histamine in rats. In adjuvant arthritis of rats, piroxicam patch showed anti-inflammatory effects. Skin irritation of piroxicam patch was tested in Newzealand White rabbits and evaluated by Primary Irritation Index of Draize. The results from skin irritation test showed that piroxicam patch seemed practically non-irritating. The result from the present study indicates that piroxicam may be useful without serious side effects as anti-inflammatory analgesics in this patch form.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 화장품에 빈번히 사용되고 있는 다양한 자극원에 대한 종대황추출물의 자극 완화효과를 알아보기 위한 연구에 관한 것이다. 종대황추출물의 각질형성세포에서의 항염증 효과를 조사하기 위하여, 배양된 인간 각질형성세포에서 분비되는 사이토카인인 IL-8과 TNF${\alpha}$의 량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 종대황추출물은 농도 의존적으로 상기 사이토카인의 분비를 억제하였다. 사람 피부에서 3 mM methyl nicotinate에 의해 유발된 자극성 피부염의 항염증 효과를 평가한 결과, 종대황 추출물이 함유된 제품의 도포 부위에서 홍반이 유의하게 감소하였다. 인체첩포시험에서는 5.0% 락틱산이 함유된 제형에 종대황추출물을 첨가 할 경우 우수한 자극 억제 효과를 보여주었다. 또한 사용성 시험을 실시한 결과, 종대황추출물을 함유한 O/W 에멀젼에서 우수한 항자극 효과를 보임을 확인하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

Retinoids have many beneficial effects on dermatological applications. But, retinoids cause skin irritation. In this study, the safety of retinoids was clarified via both primary skin irritation test in rabbits and sensitization study using an integrated model for the differentiation of chemical-induced allergic and irritant skin reaction (IMDS), an alternative method to sensitization test. The effects of retinoids on the change of ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in human skin fibroblasts and the modulation of type-1 pN collagen synthesis in hairless mice were examined to clarify the anti-wrinkle effects. Alltrans retinol (t-ROL) and its derivative, all-trans retinoic acid (t-RA), showed mild skin irritation but did not induce the sensitization. t-ROL and t-RA exerted anti-wrinkle effects by inhibiting the UVA-induced MMP-1 in human skin fibroblasts and increasing the type-1 pN collagen synthesis in hairless mice. These findings suggest that retinoids do not induce the allergy, and show anti-wrinkle effects by decreasing MMP-1 activation and increasing collagen synthesis.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

본 연구는 화장품에서 빈번히 사용되고 있는 다양한 자극원에 대한 녹두추출물의 자극완화 효과를 알아보기 위한 임상연구에 관한 것이다. 녹두는 해독 작용이 탁월하여 예로부터 민간요법이나 화장료의 재료로 사용되어 왔다. 그러나, 녹두의 생물학적인 효능 및 구성 성분을 구체적으로 밝혀낸 연구는 전무한 실정이다.. 우리는 기존의 연구를 통하여 녹두의 에탄을 추출물이 항산화 및 항염증 효과가 우수한 것을 확인하고 이러한 효능을 제공하는 유효물질인 비텍신(vitexin)과 이소비텍신(isovitexin)을 분리해낸 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 녹두추출물의 항염증 기작을 살펴보고자 흰쥐 복강 비만세포로부터의 항원 유도성 히스타민 유리 억제능 및 5-lipoxygenase 활성 억제능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 녹두추출물은 농도 의존적으로 히스타민 유리를 억제시켰지만 5-lipoxygenase 활성을 억제하는 효과는 나타내지 않았다. 또한, 현재 화장품에 널리 사용되고 있는 자극 유발 물질인 lactic acid, retinol, 방부제 등에 대한 녹두추출물의 자극완화 효과를 알아보기 위하여 다양한 임상 연구를 수행하였다. 20명의 피험자를 대상으로 실시한 인체 첩포시험 결과, 5.0％ lactic acid, 4000 IU retinol, 1.0％ Preservative mixture가 들어간 제형에 2.0％ 녹두추출눌을 첨가할 경우 각각 60％, 30％, 50％ 정도의 우수한 자극 억제 효과를 보여주었으며, 주관적인 자극을 평가하는 피부 자극감시험 결과도 2.0％ 녹두추출물을 함유하는 제형에서 약 50∼30％의 자극완화 효과를 보여주었다. 마지막으로, 30명의 피험자를 대상으로 4주간 실시한 double-blind usage test 결과 역시 녹두추출물을 화장품에 사용하였을 경우 우수한 항자극 효과를 보임을 확인하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1995

Saponin isolated from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn has been shown to contain a strong anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, several pharmacological properties such as acute toxicity, local irritation and hemolytic activity of Sapindus saponin and its genin component, hederagenirl, were examined. The acute toxicity of Sapindus saponin was very low. Estimated from the LD$_{50}$ values, it showed much weaker toxicity in oral administration than in intraperitoneal injection. Hederagenin gave a very high LD$_{50}$ value even in intraperitoneal injection. Sapindus saponin showed a potent local irritation after topical application, whereas hederagenin did a very weak local irritation. Sapindus saponin also gave a high hemolytic activity.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Signal transduction in Toxicology
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• pp.110-110
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• 2001

To compare skin irritation and cytotoxicity of anti-wrinkle agents, we examined skin irritation of six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB) in New Zeland white rabbit.(omitted)

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2009

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the safety of Soyeom Pharmacopunture solution manufactured by extraction of alcohol and water. To identify the use of it as eyedrops, the eye irritation test of rabbits and antibacterial test of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans was performed. Methods : 1. The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 2. After administering Soyeom Pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : 1. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, it was found that none of nine rabbits have abnormal signs and weight changes. 2. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 3. There was no response to MIC on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine, which does not cause eye irritation in rabbits, but dosen't have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.184-191
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• 2003

New pyranone derivative, 2-((3E)-4(2H, 3H, -benzo[3, 4-d] 1, 3-dioxolan-5-yl)-2-oxo-but-3-enyloxy)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (Seletinoid $G^{TM}$), was designed as a novel retinoid on the assumption that the pyranone ring may mimic the carboxylic acid moiety in retinoid structure. The enolic hydroxy of pyranone at five position was easily deprotonated to form an enolate. The role of enolate was similar to that of carboxylic acid. To evaluate the value of Seletinoid G as an anti-aging ingredient, various tests were performed for example inhibitory effect for MMP-l expression, anti-oxidative activity, procollagen synthesis in hairless mouse and primary skin irritation. The result of this study suggested that our new synthetic retinoid could be used as a safe material for anti-aging cosmetics.