• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2002

In oriental medicine, manual-acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) have been widely utilized to cure several inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. We designed this experiment to find neurochemical mechanism related to electroacupuncture induced anti-inflammatory effect on mouse air pouch model. EA with both low frequency (1 Hz) and high frequency (120 Hz) was treated after induction of inflammation in air pouch using injection of zymosan. To verify the role of opioid system in electroacupuncture-induced anti-inflammatory effect, naloxone (10 mg/kg) was pretreated. In addition, idazoxan (5 mg/kg) was pre-treated to evaluate the possible effect of endogenous adrenergic system in autonomic system on EA induced anti-inflammatory effect. As results of this study, naloxone pretreatment did not change the anti-inflammatory effect evoked by high frequency EA, while low frequency EA(1 Hz) induced anti-inflammatory effect was dramatically suppressed by naloxone pretreatment. These data indicated that endogenous opioid system might be extensively involve in anti-inflammatory effect evoked by not high frequency, but low frequency EA. However, idazoxan pretreatment did not produce any modulatory effect on both low and high frequency EA induced anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that EA induced anti-inflammatory effect was not mediated by endogenous adrenergic system. In conclusion, these data strongly suggested that EA induced anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by endogenous opioid system, not endogenous adrenergic system.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 2007

Objectives : The present study purposed to compare the antioxidant effect, anti inflammatory effect and cancer cell multiplication inhibition effect of Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui aqueous extract according to extraction temperature. Methods : We medicated animal models, which had experimental oxidation, with Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and $50^{\circ}C$ low temperature leachate, and performed hematological analysis and blood chemical analysis with measuring SOD, GSH, catalase, NO and MDA content in the liver. In addition, we made comparative observation of anti inflammatory effect and anti-cancer effect. Results : Compared to the control group, both the group medicated with Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and with $50^{\circ}C$ low-temperature leachate were found to decrease the number of thrombocytes in blood plasma and NO content while to increase SOD activity and catalase activity significantly. Both groups also showed anti-inflammatory effect against THP-1 cells and a multiplication inhibition effect against liver cancer cells and stomach cancer cells significantly. Conclusions : Both Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui $50^{\circ}C$ low-temperature leachate have significant antioxidant effect, anti inflammatory effect and anti cancer effect.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.141-160
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• 2006

The obtained results are summarized as follows 1. New findings are reporting year by year as for the study related to Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Bee Venom therapy. 2. The Anti-inflammatory effect of Bee Venom therapy is achieved through counterirritation, stimulations to adrenal cortex, immuno-regulation, antioxidation, removal of free radicals, modulation of AGP gene induction. 3. The chief components of Bee Venom related to Anti-inflammatory effect are Melittin, MCD peptide, Apamin, Adolapin etc. 4. Melittin binds to secretory phospholipase A2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity. 5. Melittin blocks neutophil O2-production. 6. MCD peptide(Peptide 401) stimulates the mast cell secrets histamine, Anti-inflammatory effect caused by this is 'conterirritation'. 7. Melittin & Apamin have an anti-inflammatory effect by inducing cortisone secretion. 8. MCD peptide & Apamin increase immunologic fuction by stimulating hypophysis & adrenal cortex and have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid. 9. Adolapin have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting COX. 10. Bee Venom have an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing AGP($\alpha$-acid glycoprotein). 11. Bee Venom have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NO, iNOS, PLA2, COX-2, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1, NF-${\kappa}B$, MAP kinase.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-123
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• 2002

Objectives : There have been many studies of the effect of Bee Venom therapy about arthritis, but no one study was reported about its whole functional mechanism to musculo-skeletal system. This study was designed to investigate the effect, Indication, and side effect of Bee Venom therapy on musculo-skeletal disease by literature review of articles. Results : The effects of Bee Venom therapy to musculo-skeletal system are divided to Anti_inflammatory effect and Anti-nociceptive effect. Anti_inflammatory effect is achieved through competitive chemotaxis, immuno-regulation, increasing of cortisol secretion by stimulating hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenal cortex axis. Anti-nociceptive effect is achieved by Anti-inflammatory mechanism and it works similar to anti-nociceptive effect of the acupuncture acting on central and peripheral nociceptive transduction system. The Bee Venom therapy could cause severe side effect, for example, hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, injury to central nerve system and cardiovascular system, peripheral blood system, and renal dysfunction. Conclusions : With its Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive mechanism, Bee Venom therapy is considered that has good effects to autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation of various musculo-skeletal disease and various pain syndrome. But the clinician must be careful for its side effects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1994

The Effects of Hoichunyanggyuksan on the Anti-allergic Effect, Analgesic Action, Anti-inflammatory Action and Antipyretic Action. Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effects of Hoichunyanggyuksan on the Anti-allergic effect, Analgesic action, Anti-inflammatory action and Antipyretic action. The results obtained as follows; 1. On vascular permeability responses to intradermal histamine, Hoichnyanggyuksan showed significant effect. 2. In the homologous PCA provoked by the IgE-like antibody against white egg albumin, Hoichunyanggyuksan showed the decreasing tendency, but was none significant effect. 3. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to Picryl chloride, Hoichunyanggyuksan was proved significant effect. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity resposes to SRBC, Hoichunyanggyuksan revealed significant effect. 5. In Anti-pyretic action by yeast method, Hoichunyanggyuksan showed significant effect. 6. In Anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin method, Hoichunyanggyuksan showed significant effect. 7. In analgesic action by acetic acid method, Hoichunyanggyuksan was recognized significantly.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2012

In Northeast Asia, Paeoniae Radix has been used in treatments of inflammation-causing diseases such as arthritis for many centuries. Paeoniflorin, one of the principle bioactive monoterpene glucosides from the paeony root, is reported to be mostly responsible for the effectiveness of the treatments. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of a monoterpene, paeoniflorigenone (PFG) which partially has the moiety of paeoniflorin minus a glucose structure is unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of PFG. For the investigation, PFG activity on the NO (nitric oxide) production from LPS-stimulated macrophages, and the anti-inflammatory effect was tested in the animal model of septic arthritis caused by Candida albicans, a major etiological agent for septic arthritis. For induction of the arthritis, mice were administered with an emulsion of C. albicans cell wall (CACW) mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) via footpad-injection (Day 0); PFG at a dose of 0.5 or 1 mg/mouse (25 or 50 mg/kg of body-weight) was given to the animals on Day 3, 6, and 9; footpads were scored for arthritis. Moreover, the PFG effect on proliferation of T-lymphocyte that causes aggravation of arthritis was additionally tested. Data resulting from those tests showed that PFG inhibited the NO production from the stimulated macrophage in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05), indicating that PFG is an anti-inflammatory. To confirm the in-vitro results, anti-inflammatory activity of PFG was determined against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis. Data showed that PFG-treatment reduced footpad-swelling which indicates that PFG has anti-arthritic effect (P<0.05), which is therapeutic. The anti-arthritic effect appeared to be mediated by PFG suppression of T-cell proliferation. Ultimately, PFG, a monoterpene component, has anti-inflammatory activity analogous to paeoniflorin. The anti-inflammatory activity treats the septic arthritis due to a pathogenic fungus C. albicans.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 2017

Anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activity of each herbal extract, which is extracted from Bacopa monnieriis, Cassia fistula and Phyllanthus polyphyllus, respectively. The treatment of herbal extract exhibited anti-inflammatory effect as a dose-dependent manner, from 1.25 mg/kg to 12.5 mg/kg, in acute inflammatory models (carrageen and egg-albumin induced rat hind paw edema). It also elicited significant anti-inflammatory activity in chronic inflammatory models (cotton pellet granuloma and Freund's adjuvant induced polyarthritis in rat). In cotton pellet granuloma test, the extract exhibited the inhibitory effect of 23 and 57% at the dose of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively. In Freund's adjuvant induced model, the treatment of the extract of 1.25, 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg showed the inhibitory effect of 23, 56 and 66% at 8 days, respectively. In the acetic acid-induced model, the extract significantly reduced abdominal writhing in mice when compared to the control group, reducing the mean number of writhing from $41{\pm}2$ in the control group to $17{\pm}3$ and $15{\pm}2$ at the dose of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg. From these experiments, the extract, which was extracted from the combination of Bacopa monnieriis, Cassia fistula and Phyllanthus polyphyllus, (w/w/w = 1/2/1) is surprisingly found a significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2020

Objectives : Allium hookeri is a well-known traditional herbal remedy and its root used for treatment of inflammation and tumor. However, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of Allium hookeri is still unknown. This study aims to examine the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of Allium hookeri on mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Anti-oxidant effect of water extract of Allium hookeri (WEAH) was measured by 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay. 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was performed to determine the effect of WEAH on cell viability in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, anti-inflammatory effect of WEAH was investigated in RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation of RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysarccharide (LPS) treatment and expression levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκBα) after LPS treatment with WEAH-treated RAW 264.7 cells was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Results : WEAH showed a strong anti-oxidant effect and no cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells up to 2 mg/㎖ concentration. The LPS-induced mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased by WEAH treatment. Furthermore, the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκBα is attenuated by WEAH treatment. Conclusions : Through experimental demonstration of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WEAH, we suggest that Allium hookeri is a valuable material for prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.32.1-32.7
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• 2017

Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that extract of soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (SCDE) had strong anti-inflammatory activities. However, the direct effects of SCDE on anti-inflammatory activities in vivo model remained to be determined. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of SCDE using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish model. We also investigated whether SCDE has toxic effects in zebrafish model. The survival, heart beat rate, and developmental abnormalities were no significant change in the zebrafish embryos exposed to at a concentration below $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SCDE. However, lethal toxicity was caused after exposure to 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$ of SCDE. Treating zebrafish model with LPS treatment significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation. However, SCDE inhibited this LPS-stimulated ROS and NO generation in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that SCDE alleviated inflammation by inhibiting the ROS and NO generation induced by LPS treatment. In addition, SCDE has a protective effect against the cell damage induced by LPS exposure in zebrafish embryos. This outcome could explain the profound anti-inflammatory effect of SCDE both in vitro as well as in vivo, suggesting that the SCDE might be a strong anti-inflammatory agent.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2023

Raphanus sativus L. has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of the Raphanus sativus L. seeds (RSS) with or without oil are still unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect with or without oil in the RSS on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results showed the suppressed LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α). Additionally, a decrease in protein expression of iNOS was observed, but nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was not inhibited. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of RSS, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways was examined. We also found that RSS blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK) signaling but did not affect the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. These results suggest that RSS may have potential as an anti-inflammatory agent through the inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production via regulation of the JNK pathway.