• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.767-774
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• 2011

본 연구는 간암세포주인 HepG2 cell line에서 녹차씨박 추출물을 에탄올, 석유 에테르, 에틸 아세테이트, 부탄올의 순으로 분획 및 열수 추출물을 조제하여 암세포 증식 억제능을 확인한 후 에탄올 추출물을 선정하여 항종양 및 항염증효과를 생화학적, 분자적 방법으로 분석하였다. 녹차씨박 에탄올 추출물(DGTSE)의 polyphenol 함량을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 EGC($1039.1{\pm}15.26\;{\mu}g/g$)> tannic acid($683.5{\pm}17.61\;{\mu}g/g$)> EC($62.4{\pm}5.00\;{\mu}g/g$)> ECG($24.4{\pm}7.81\;{\mu}g/g$)> EGCG($20.9{\pm}0.96\;{\mu}g/g$)> gallic acid($2.4{\pm}0.68\;{\mu}g/g$)의 순이었으나 caffeic acid는 검출되지 않았다. DGTSE의 농도가 $10\;{\mu}g$/mL 이상에서는 84.13%의 세포 증식 억제능($IC_{50}$: $6.58\;{\mu}g$/mL)을 보여 간암세포의 증식을 효과적으로 억제하였고 제1상효소계인 CYP1A1와 CYP1A2의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. QR 활성은 DGTSE을 $20\;{\mu}g$/mL 농도로 처리 시 대조군에 비해 2.6배 증가하였으며 reporter gene activity로 측정한 ARE 활성은 1.94배로 각각 증가하였다. DGTSE의 처리는 염증생성 인자인 PGE2의 생성과 TNF-${\alpha}$의 단백질 발현은 유의적으로 저해하였으며 cytokine 반응, 염증, 세포성장조절과 같은 다양한 단계에 참여하는 전사인자인 NF${\kappa}$B의 핵으로의 translocation을 억제하였다. 이상의 결과에서 DGTSE은 간암세포인 HepG2 세포계에서 암세포 증식 억제능을 가지며 해독효소인 QR, ARE의 활성을 증진시키고 NF${\kappa}$B의 translocation을 방해하고 TNF-${\alpha}$의 단백질 발현과 $PGE_2$의 생성을 억제하여 암세포의 증식을 억제하였다. 따라서 녹차씨박 추출물에 함유된 암세포 증식효과를 나타내는 생리활성 물질들에 대한 연구가 앞으로 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 우선 진피 열수 추출물의 in vitro 항산화능을 평가하기 위해 total polyphenol, total flavonoid 함량, DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거능을 분석한 후, 150 mM/60% ethanol로 유발한 급성 위염 동물 실험을 진행하여 급성 위염 완화 효과를 검증하였다. 약물투여군의 혈청 내 ROS와 MPO 수준, 조직 내 MDA 수준의 유의성 있는 감소를 확인하였으며, western blot을 통해 NOX2와 p22^phox를 포함한 산화적 스트레스 관련 단백질을 억제하였고, PI3K/Akt/NF- κB 신호 전달 경로를 통한 염증성 단백질의 현저한 감소를 확인하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 진피 열수 추출물이 급성 위염에 대한 완화 효과를 나타냈으며, 위염 및 천연 치료제의 후보 소재로서 가능성이 있다고 판단된다. 또한, 향후 만성 위염, 위암과 같은 위장 질환에 관한 추가 연구에서 진피 열수 추출물의 활용 가능성을 시사한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2015

Objectives : Gastric lesions affect many people around the world and their development are results of the imbalance between destructive and protective factors in the gastric mucosa. Lycium chinense has been widely used as a traditional Korean medicine, it was recently reported that they have potent anti-inflammatory effects in chronic hepatitis models. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Lycium chinense extract (LCE) on HCl-Ethanol induced gastric lesion mice.Methods : The ICR mice were divided randomly into five groups of six animals each. Group A was normal mice, and group B was treated orally with 0.5 ml 150 mM HCl-60% Ethanol. Mice in group C and D were pre-treatment of LCE (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg bodyweight, p.o before HCl/ethanol treatment) and group E was orally administered sucralfate (10 mg/kg).Results : 150mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of LCE. Pre-treatment of LCE attenuated reactive oxidative species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in stomach tissues. As results of stomach protein analyses, LCE effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in gastric lesion mice. In addition, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p-IκB) were down-regulated in LCE-administrated gastric lesion mice.Conclusions : Our discovery supports that the therapeutic activity of LCE ameliorate the development of gastric lesion via suppressing the oxidative stress and gastric partial inflammation induced by 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2017

들깨(Perilla frutescents (L.) Britton var.) 새싹은 꿀풀과에 속하는 1년생 초본이다. 본 연구의 목적은 들깨 새싹 에탄올 추출물이 사이토카인으로 유도된 췌장 베타 세포 손상에 대한 예방 효과를 평가하기 위함이다. 췌장 소도 주위에 염증 세포 침습으로 의해 분비되는 사이토카인은 1형 당뇨병의 발병원인에 해당된다. 인터루킨-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), 인터페론-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), 종양괴사인자-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) 등의 사이토카인은 활성산소 형성을 유도한다. 세포 내 활성산소 축적은 췌장 베타 세포 기능장애와 세포사멸을 이끈다. 들깨 새싹 추출물은 항산화 효과를 증가 시켰으며 활성산소 생성을 억제하였다. 사이토카인은 세포생존율을 감소시켰고, iNOS와 COX-2의 발현을 증가시키고 산화질소 생성을 유도하였다. 들깨 새싹 추출물은 사이토카인으로 유도된 세포생존을 농도 의존적으로 예방하였다. 또한, 사이토카인에 의한 산화질소 생성과 iNOS와 COX-2의 단백질 발현 증가를 억제하였다. 더 나아가 들깨 새싹 추출물은 췌장 베타 세포주(RIN-m5F)에서 $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ 인산화 억제를 통해서 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성화를 상당히 감소시켰다. 요약하자면, 본 연구 결과는 들깨 새싹 추출물이 사이토카인으로 유도된 췌장 베타 세포 손상에 대한 보호 효과를 가지고 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 결과적으로 들깨 새싹은 혈당 증가에 의한 산화 스트레스와 염증성 사이토카인에 의한 베타 세포 손상을 완화하여 당뇨에 유익할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1501-1507
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• 2021

Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binn. (LO) (crape myrtle) has reportedly been used as traditional herbal medicine (THM) in Java, Indonesia. Our previous study revealed that the LO leaf extract (LOLE) exerted anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Based on this finding, the current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of LOLE in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The results showed that treatment with LPS enhanced the inflammatory cell influx into the lungs and increased the number of macrophages and the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice. However, these effects were notably abrogated with LOLE pretreatment. Furthermore, the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in the lung tissues of mice with ALI was also reversed by LOLE. In addition, LOLE significantly suppressed the LPS-induced activation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and led to heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction in the lungs. Additionally, in vitro experiments showed that LOLE enhanced the expression of HO-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. The aforementioned findings collectively indicate that LOLE exerts an ameliorative effect on inflammatory response in the airway of ALI mice.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2023

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active component of propolis obtained from honeybee hives. CAPE possesses anti-mitogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities in diverse systems, which know as displays antioxidant activity and inhibits lipoxygenase activities, protein tyrosine kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CAPE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human neutrophil phagocytosis. Human neutrophils were cultured with various concentrations of CAPE (1, 10, and 100 µM) with or without LPS. The pro-inflammatory proteins (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-8) levels were measured after 4 h incubation. To investigate the intracellular signaling pathway, we measured the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), including phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Next, to evaluate the potential phagocytosis, neutrophils were labeled with iron particles of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, 40 nm) for 1 h in culture medium containing 5 mg/mL of iron. The labeling efficiency was determined by Prussian blue staining for intracellular iron and 3T-wighted magnetic resonance imaging. CAPE decreased the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, including ERK1/2 and c-Jun, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, but had no effect on the signaling pathways of p38 and cytokine IL-8. Furthermore, images obtained after mannan-coated SPION treatment suggested that CAPE induced significantly higher signal intensities than the control or LPS group. Together, these results suggest that CAPE regulates LPS-mediated activation of human neutrophils to reduce phagocytosis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Cassia tora L. have been used as a folk medicine in Korea. This study investigated anti-inflammatory effect of aurantio-obtusin isolated from C. tora. We isolated aurantio-obtusin from 50% ethanol extracts of C. tora L. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of aurantio-obtusin on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response in murine macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7). To investigate the cytotoxicity of aurantio-obtusin on RAW 264.7 cells, MTS assay was performed. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with aurantio-obtusin at different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, $100{\mu}M$) for 30 h. The result showed that aurantio-obtusin had no cytotoxic effect in a concentration range of $12.5-100{\mu}M$. To determine the effect of aurantio-obtusin on LPS-induced NO production, the NO concentration measurement was performed. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with aurantio-obtusin at 12.5, 25, 50 and $100{\mu}M$ for 24 h, and the results showed that the NO production of aurantio-obtusin-treated cells compared to LPS alone treated group was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of aurantio-obtusin inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner. To find out inhibitory mechanisms of aurantio-obtusin on inflammatory mediators, we examined the $PGE_2$ pathways. As a result, $PGE_2$ were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by aurantio-obtusin. The release of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and IL-6 were also reduced. Moreover, aurantio-obtusin suppressed LPL-induced $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation. These results suggest that the down regulation of NO, $PGE_2$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 expression by aurantio-obtusin are achieved by the downregulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether acupuncture at $SP_6$ attenuates esophageal inflammation on refluxed-induced esophagitis. Methods : Acupuncture at $SP_6$ was stimulated by acupuncture torsion technique for 30 seconds four times every hour after an operation induced reflux esophagitis(RE), and its effects were assessed in comparison with RE rats without acupuncture, and normal rats. Results : $SP_6$ acupuncture stimulation markedly ameliorated mucosal damage in the histological evaluation. Reflux-induced esophagitis rats exhibited the down-regulation of antioxidant-related protein expression levels such as heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in the esophagitis; however, the associated levels with $SP_6$ acupuncture stimulation were significantly higher than those in RE rats without acupuncture stimulation. Moreover, $SP_6$ acupuncture stimulation significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins through mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-related signaling pathways. The increased protein expressions of inflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), by nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kB) activation were significantly suppressed through $SP_6$ acupuncture stimulation. Conclusions : Our findings support the therapeutic evidence for $SP_6$ acupuncture stimulation alleviating the development of esophagitis via regulating inflammation through the activation of the antioxidant pathway.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2015

Up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines contributes to enhanced monocyte adhesiveness and infiltration into the skin, during the pathogenesis of various inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone, and its action mechanisms using TNF-α-stimulated keratinocytes. Butein significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced ICAM-I expression and monocyte adhesion in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Butein also decreased TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IP-10 and MCP-1, in HaCaT cells. Butein decreased TNF-α-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. In addition, treatment of HaCaT cells with butein suppressed TNF-α-induced MAPK activation. Furthermore, butein suppressed TNF-α-induced NF-kappaB activation. Overall, our results indicate that butein has immunomodulatory activities by inhibiting expression of proinflammatory mediators in keratinocytes. Therefore, butein may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(9): 495-500]

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.466-477
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• 2018

본 연구는 헛개나무 잎, 줄기, 뿌리로부터 얻어진 메탄올 추출물의 항염증 효과를 구명하기 위해서 수행되었다. LPS로 염증이 유도된 RAW264.7 세포 내 부위별 추출물을 동시에 처리하여 염증 매개성 물질인 NO 생성량 분석 결과 $40{\mu}g/m{\ell}$농도에서 뿌리(94.7%)와 줄기(42.6%)에서는 효과가 있는 반면 잎에서는 효과가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 중 탁월한 효과를 보인 뿌리 추출물(RE)의 항염증 효과 및 관련 분자적 기전을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 염증 반응의 주요 경로인 NF-kB 및 MAPK 신호전달경로에서 RE가 LPS로 유도된 NF-kB의 핵 이동을 억제하고, ERK, JNK, p38의 인산화를 억제함으로써 iNOS, COX-2의 발현이 감소되고, NO와 pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$)의 생성이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 또한 RE는 대식세포에서 Nrf2를 활성화시켜 항염증성 단백질인 HO-1 발현을 유도하여 항염증 효과를 나타내었다. 또한, RE로부터 주요 성분을 분리한 후 NMR과 MS 기기를 이용하여 구조 동정된 27-O-protocatechuoylbetulinic acid 화합물에서도 높은 항염증 효과를 확인하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 헛개나무뿌리와 그 주요성분은 의약품 소재 및 기능성 식품 등의 기능성 소재로 활용될 수 있는 기초적인 정보를 제공할 것으로 생각된다.