• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2019

Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) is an edible wild mushroom with tough fruiting body that belongs to the family Polyporaceae. It is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of ulcer, anaemia, cough and fever. Recent studies have demonstrated its anticancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. However, little or no information is available regarding the bioactive components and toxicological study of wild dried L. squarrosulus. Therefore, this study investigated the bioactive components of aqueous extract of boiled wild dried L. squarrosulus and its toxicological effects in rats. The extract of L. squarrosulus was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The acute toxicity test was performed by oral administration of a single dose of up to 5,000 mg/kg extract of L. squarrosulus. In subacute study, the rats were orally administered extract of L. squarrosulus at the doses of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days. The haematological, lipid profile, liver and kidney function parameters were determined and the histopathology of the liver and kidney were examined. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds; 1-tetradecene, fumaric acid, monochloride, 6-ethyloct-3-yl ester, 9-eicosene, phytol, octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and 3-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane. In acute toxicity study, neither death nor toxicity sign was recorded. In the sub-acute toxicity study, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed on creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Whilst no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed on packed cell volume, heamoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and alkaline phosphatase, in all the tested doses. No histopathological alterations were recorded. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of L. squarrosulus may have antimicrobial, antinocieptive and antioxidant properties based on the result of GC-MS analysis. Results of the toxicity test showed no deleterious effect at the tested doses, suggesting that L. squarrosulus is safe for consumption at the tested doses.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2015

Objectives : Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Jeokhasuo in Korean) is a Oriental traditional herbs widely used in East Asian countries. Overconsumption of fructose results in hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and impaired glucose tolerance which have documented as a risk of cardiovascular diseases. This experimental study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of an ethanol extract from Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) in high-fructose (HF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups; Control group, receiving regular diet and tap water, HF group, and HF + PMR group both receiving supplemented with 65% fructose (n=10), respectively. The HF + PMR group initially received HF diet with PMR (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Results : PMR significantly prevented the metabolic disturbances such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. Chronic treatment with PMR significantly decreased body weight, fat weight and adipocyte size, suggesting a role of anti-obesity effect. PMR led to improve the hyperlipidemia through the increase in HDL cholesterol level as well as the decrease in triglyceride and LDL cholesterol level. In addition, PMR suppressed adhesion molecules and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in aorta resulting in the decrease of hypertension. In muscle tissue, PMR significantly recovered the HF-induced insulin resistance through increase of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p-$AMPK{\alpha}1/2$, and p-Akt expression. PMR improved HF-induced metabolic disorders and its action was caused by energy metabolism-mediated insulin signaling activation. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that PMR may be a beneficial therapeutic for metabolic syndrome through the improvement of hyperlipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 함초를 섭취한 동물쥐에서 비만과 혈중 지질의 개선 효과에 대한 실험을 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 통계적으로 분석하였다. 각각의 개별 연구는 PubMed, Embase, RISS, DBpia, NDSL과 같은 데이터베이스로부터 수집되었다. 통계분석을 통해 효과크기를 측정하기 위해 Review Manager 5.3 프로그램이 이용되었고 총 9개의 연구가 최종적으로 포함되었다. 비만유발 흰쥐에서 함초의 섭취는 몸무게를 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 그러나, 식이효율, 간지수와 총콜레스테롤에서 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 또한, 효과크기가 중성지방은 감소하고, 고밀도 콜레스테롤은 증가하였다. 이러한 통계적 분석은 함초가 강력한 항비만과 혈중 지질 개선 효과를 가진다는 결과는 보여준다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.7-26
• /
• 2002

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and subacute toxicity and sarcoma-180 anti-cancer effects of herbal acupuncture with Carthami- Tinctorii fructus (CF) in mice and rats. Method: Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with Carthami - Tinctorii fructus (CF) for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with Carthami- Tinctorii fructus (CF) for subacute toxicity test. The Carthami- Tinctorii fructus herbal-acupuncture was injected on Chung-wan (CV12) of mice with Sarcoma-180 cancer cell line. Results: 1. $LD_{50}$ was uncountable as none of the subjects expired during the test. 2. In acute toxicity test, toxic symptoms were not detected, but the body weight of mice was increased in treatment Ⅰ, treatment Ⅱ groups, compared to the normal group.(p<0.05) 3. In acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, glucose was increased in treatment Ⅰ and treatment Ⅱ groups, total cholesterol was increased in treatment I group, GOT was decreased in treatment Ⅱ group, and GPT was decreased in treatment Ⅰ group, compared to the normal group.(p<0.05) 4. The clinical signs and the body weight of mice treated with 0.1 cc, 0.2cc Carthami- Tinctorii fructus (CF) were not affected during the subacute toxicity test. 5. In subacute toxicity test, treatment groups didn't show significant changes in complete blood count test (CBC) of rats, compared to the nonnal group.(p<0.05) 6. In subacute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of rats, uric acid was decreased in treatment Ⅰ and treatment Ⅱ groups, compared to the nonnal group, triglyceride was decreased in treatment I group, compared to the normal group, GOT and GPT were decreased in treatment I and treatment Ⅱ groups, and alkaline phosphatase was decreased in treatment Ⅰ and treatment Ⅱ groups, compared to the normal group.(p<0.05) 7. Median survival time was increased in all the treatment groups for Sarcoma-180 cancer cell treated with Carthmni- Tinctorii fructus (CF).(p<0.05) 8. Natural killer cell activity was significantly increased in all the treatment groups compared to the normal group.(p<0.05) 9. Interleukin-2 productivity was decreased in treatment Ⅰ and treatment Ⅱ groups.(p<0.05) Conclusion: According to the results, we can conclude herbal-acupuncture of Carthami-Tinctoriifructus (CF) caused negligible toxkity, and had anti-tumor effects in mice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.279-293
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The steamed ginger has been shown to have antioxidative effects and a protective effect against obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of steamed ginger (SGE) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: The protective effects of SGE on adipogenesis were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring lipid accumulations and genes involved in adipogenesis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND, 10% fat w/w), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat w/w), and HFD supplemented with either 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg of SGE for 12 weeks. Serum chemistry was measured, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was determined in the adipose tissue. Histological analysis and micro-computed tomography were performed to identify lipid accumulations in epididymal fat pads. RESULTS: In 3T3-L1 cells, SGE significantly decreased lipid accumulation, with concomitant decreases in the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. SGE significantly attenuated the increase in body, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue weights by HFD. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in SGE fed groups compared to HFD. In adipose tissue, SGE significantly decreased adipocyte size than that of HFD and altered adipogenesis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, steamed ginger exerted anti-obesity effects by regulating genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cell and epididymal adipose tissue of DIO mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 발효콩 유지가 비만 억제 및 예방, 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 성장 및 분화 억제 효과를 관찰하기 위해 실험을 실시하였다. 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에 발효콩 유지를 처리하여 세포생존율을 측정한 결과, NF군 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 생존율을 유의적으로 감소시켜 세포독성이 나타났다. 분화를 유도한 다음 세포 내 triglyceride 함량을 측정한 결과, 비발효콩 유지(NF) 처리군보다 발효콩 유지처리군에서 triglyceride 함량 저해 효과가 높게 나타났으며, 특히 BS, LBA, BLO군 순으로 높게 나타났다. 또한, BS군, LBA군, BLO군 순으로 지방세포분화 관련 유전자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰으며, $PPAR{\gamma}$ 유전자와 상관관계에 있는 $C/EBP{\alpha}$ 유전자도 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 그리고 adiponectin 유전자의 발현은 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 C57BL/6J 생쥐를 이용하여 항비만 활성을 관찰한 결과, 총 체중증가량은 대조군에 비해 4주째에 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 혈액 내 지질농도를 측정한 결과 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 LBA, BLO군에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며(P<0.05), HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 대조군보다 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 동맥경화 지수인 AI(atherogenic index)는 대조군보다 감소시키는 경향을 보였다. 비만관련 호르몬인 adiponectin의 농도는 SO, BS, LBA, BLO군에서 유의적으로 증가하였고(P<0.05), insulin 농도는 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). Leptin은 대조군보다 감소하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 발효콩 유지가 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 mRNA 단계에서부터 지방분화를 억제하여 항비만 활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 추정되고, 고지방식이로 비만이 유도된 C57BL/6J 생쥐에서 총체중을 감소시키고, 혈액 내 지질농도인 triglyceride와 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤과 비만관련 호르몬인 adiponectin, insulin, leptin을 조절하여 항비만 활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 결과로 발효콩 유지가 항비만 생리활성을 나타내는 새로운 식품 소재로서 이를 활용한 기능성 식품 개발의 가능성이 있다고 생각된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.23-40
• /
• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to examine the effects of extracts of Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidation and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and was investigated on hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Male rats weighing $182.39{\pm}4.71g$ were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and 36 rats(above 400 g) were divided into 4 groups. Each of 9 rats was divided a control group and experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) extracts(100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflmmatory cytokines, anti-oxidative activity and $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, Apo-E and leptin gene expression. Results: 1. Concentration of plasma free fatty(FFA) showed no significant difference in all the treatment groups. Concentration of plasma triglyceride(TG) showed a significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. 2. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 and 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol showed a Significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol showed a significant increment in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group. 3. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a tendence to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups. Concentration of liver TG showed a significant decrement in all Ojeoksangamibang groups than that of control group. 4. Concentration of plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) showed a tendence to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups. 5. The values of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activity showed a significant increment in all Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. 6. The values of plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity showed no significant different in all treatment group. 7. Concentration of plasma $interleukin(IL)-1{beta}$ showed no significant difference in all the treatment groups. Concentration of plasma IL-6 showed a significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group than that of control group. Concentration of plasma tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ a siginifant decrement in the 200 and 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group than that of control group. However the concentration of plasma IL-10 in the 300 mg/kg Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a significant increment than that of control group. 9. In the analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), gene expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B and Apo-E in the Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a lower expression than that of control group. However the gene expression of leptin showed no difference in the treatment groups. 10. The ratio of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, and Apo-E per ${\beta}-actin$ expression in the Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a significant decrement than that of control group. However The ratio of leptin expression per ${\beta}-actin$ expression showed no significant difference among all the treatment groups. Conclusions: According to above results, in lowering lipid effect, anti-oxidation and control of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) gives effect.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2009

구아바(Psidium guajava L.)와 바나바(Lagerstroemia speciosa L.)는 항당뇨 효과를 갖는 대표적인 약용식물로 알려져 있다. 이들 식물은 다양한 폴리페놀(polyphenol) 성분을 함유하며 당뇨병의 치료에 효과적으로 작용한다. 따라서 본 연구는 이들 추출물을 streptozotocin (STZ)으로 당뇨를 유발한 실험쥐에 섭취시켜 항당뇨 효과를 상호 비교하였다. STZ으로 당뇨를 유발한 실험쥐에 구아바 및 바나바 잎 추출물을 섭취시킨 결과 당뇨쥐에 비해 혈당은 약 19-32%, 총콜레스테롤(total cholesterol)은 약 24-46%, 중성지방(triglyceride)은 22-67% 그리고 유리지방산(free fatty acid) 은 49-71% 감소하였고 또한 인슐린 분비와 췌장에 존재하는 베타세포의 회복도 증가되었다. 한편 구아바 추출물의 섭취가 바나바 추출물의 섭취에 비해 항당뇨 효과가 더 높았는데 그 이유는 바나바 잎에 포함된 친수성 폴리페놀(polyphenol) 성분이 에탄올 추출과정에서 대부분 추출되지 않았고 또한 추출된 코로소릭산(corosolic acid) 은 지금까지 알려진 것과는 달리 항당뇨 활성이 낮았기 때문이다.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 2014

고지방식이로 비만 및 고지혈이 유발된 실험동물에서 체중, 혈중지질, 혈청생화학적 검사 및 장기무게를 측정하여 추출공정에 따른 꼬마색깔감자 추출물 투여로 인한 혈중지질 개선 및 꼬마색깔감자 추출물의 간기능 및 장기무게 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 체중 및 사료이용 효율은 고지방식이에 의해 대조군에서 증가현상을 보였으며, 꼬마색깔감자 추출물 투여군 시험군(CP군, HCP군)에서 꼬마색깔감자 추출물 투여로 인한 체중증가량 감소와 식이효율 감소현상을 보였다. 혈청 생화학적 검사에서 고지방식이에 의해 혈중 ALT, AST, 총단백의 변화가 관찰되었으며, 꼬마색깔감자 추출물 투여에 의해 정상군 군과 비슷한 수준으로 유지되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 혈중 creatinine과 g-GT의 경우 고지방식이 및 꼬마색깔감자 추출물 투여에 의한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 혈중지질 변화는 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, triglyceride, 동맥경화지수(AI) 모두 고지방식이에 의해 유의적인 증가현상을 보였으며, 꼬마색깔감자 추출물 투여로 인한 혈중지질 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과, 추출 공정 중 초고압 공정을 통한 꼬마색깔감자 추출물은 비만유도 흰쥐에서 체중, 간, 지방조직의 무게 감소와 더불어 혈청의 지질성상의 개선에 더욱 효과적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 초고압 공정을 통한 꼬마색깔감자 추출물에 함유된 다량의 안토시아닌 및 폴리페놀 등의 생리활성 물질이 지질대사를 개선시키고 지방 축적을 억제하는 것으로 판단된다. 꼬마색깔감자 추출물은 비만, 고지혈증, 이상지혈증의 예방 및 개선 효과를 나타낼 것으로 기대하는 바이며 나아가 심혈관계 질환의 예방 및 치료에 긍정적인 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.827-836
• /
• 2014

서구화된 식습관의 변화와 편리한 생활에 따른 운동 부족, 유전적 요인, 심리적 요인 등이 복잡하게 얽히면서 비만이 꾸준히 증가하는 추세이다. 한편, 감귤류에는 carotenoid, coumarin, phenylpropanoid, limonoid 등 60여종의 생리활성 물질이 함유되어 있으며 감귤박에는 bioflavonoid, carotenoid, hesperidin, terpenes 등이 풍부하게 함유되어 있다. 감귤박은 항산화 효과, 고혈압 예방, 혈중 LDL 콜레스테롤 함량 감소 효과 등이 있음이 보고되어 있고 최근 들어 감귤박의 비만을 억제하는 효능이 밝혀져 항비만 효과가 입증되었다. 본 연구에서는 고지방식으로 유도한 비만모델 ICR 생쥐에서 Aspergillus oryzae로 발효한 감귤박의 증강된 항비만 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 항비만 효과를 확인하기 위해 생쥐의 체중변화와 조직의 무게변화를 관찰하였고, 그룹별 혈청 지질 농도, 간 지질농도 및 동맥경화지수를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 고지방식이 투여군(HFD)에 비해 감귤박 추출물 투여군(CP)과 감귤박 발효 추출물 투여군(CPA)은 체중 증가량과 증체율이 감소하였고, 혈청과 간의 total cholesterol (TG), triglyceride (TC) 함량이 현저히 감소하였다. 한편, 유익한 cholesterol로 알려진 high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 함량은 일반식이 투여군(NFD)과 CPA 투여군이 비슷하였다. CP 투여군과 CPA 투여군의 조직 무게에서도 HFD 투여군보다 감소하여, 전체적으로 CPA 투여군에서 특히 유의적으로 감소하였다.