• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.93-98
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• 2018

This study was wanted to confirm ability for UV blocking according to its material. The lenses materials were Acryl, CR-39, NK-55, and MR-8. It was grouped: Group A consisting of anti-scratch hard coated lenses and anti-refractive multi coated lenses, Group B added UV blocking coating on the group A, and Group C consisting of only UV blocking lenses. The results measured UV transmittance, On the UV-A wavelength, Group A showed the UV transmittance of 7.726%, 0.043%, 0.007%, and 0.007% respectively. Group B showed 0.038%, 0.037%, 0.007%, and 0.007%, respectively. The UV-blocking performance of CR-39 has been greatly improved. Group C has shown the best UV blocking function; only 0.005% and 0.004% of UV transmittances.(1.60 and 1.67 index of refraction respectively). For the low power of lenses and sunglasses, the CR-39 lens is the most used. Therefore, to UV blocking from the lens, new materials or UV absorbers or UV coating technology and development of Converged Technologies are required.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2019

Objectives: The medicinal plants are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body to infections. Some of the main constituents of the plant and derived materials such as, proteins, lectins and polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects. Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) were used traditionally for dietary, food additive, spice and various medicinal purposes. This review article is focus on the anti-asthmatic effects of P. oleracea and its constituents. Methods: Various databases, such as the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched the keywords including "Portulaca oleracea", "Quercetin", "Anti-inflammatory", "Antioxidant", "Cytokines", "Smooth muscle ", and " Relaxant effects " until the end of Jul 2018. Results: P. oleracea extracts and its constituents increased $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, $IFN{\gamma}/IL-4$ and IL- 10/IL-4 ratio, but decreased secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and chemokines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. P. oleracea extracts and quercetin also signifcantly decreased production of NO, stimulated ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor and/or blocking muscarinic receptors in tracheal smooth muscles. Conclusion: P. oleracea extracts and quercetin showed relatively potent anti-asthmatic effects due to decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidant while enhanced antioxidant markers, and also showed potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory on ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor or/and blocking muscarinic receptors.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2160-2179
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• 2015

In many Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications, the reader recognizes the tags within its scope repeatedly. For these applications, some algorithms such as the adaptive query splitting algorithm (AQS) and the novel semi-blocking AQS (SBA) were proposed. In these algorithms, a staying tag retransmits its ID to the reader to be identified, even though the ID of the tag is stored in the reader's memory. When the length of tag ID is long, the reader consumes a long time to identify the staying tags. To overcome this deficiency, we propose a slot allocated blocking anti-collision algorithm (SABA). In SABA, the reader assigns a unique slot to each tag in its range by using a slot allocation mechanism. Based on the allocated slot, each staying tag only replies a short data to the reader in the identification process. As a result, the amount of data transmitted by the staying tags is reduced greatly and the identification rate of the reader is improved effectively. The identification rate and the data amount transmitted by tags of SABA are analyzed theoretically and verified by various simulations. The simulation and analysis results show that the performance of SABA is superior to the existing algorithms significantly.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.224-229
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• 2011

In this study, we have developed shear horizontal(SH) surface acoustic wave(SAW) sensors for the detection of immunoglobulin G(IgG) on the gold coated delay line of SH-SAW devices. As the result of the experiment, we could uniformly immobilize anti-MIgG(mouse IgG) conjugate on the surface of gold. When displaying results of immobilization on the surface of gold using G-anti MIgG conjugate and blocking buffer in frequency shift, G-anti MIgG conjugate showed frequency shift of 75.1 kHz in the initial frequency, and blocking buffer showed frequency shift of 215.7 kHz. When various concentrations of MIgG was added in 100MHz type sensor, the sensor showed 46.3, 127.45, 161.21 and 262.39 kHz frequency shift at 25, 50, 75 and 100 ${\mu}g$ MIgG concentration, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.612-618
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of stray light originating from the blue-light blocking lens on the quality of the image. After designing the ideal spectacle lens, anti-reflection spectacle lens without internal reflection, anti-reflection spectacle lens with internal reflection, and blue-light blocking lens with internal reflection, the light intensity distribution and stray light distribution were derived. The designed spectacle lenses are meniscus lenses with a refractive power of 0.00 D, refractive index of 1.56, and a radius of 155.15 mm. The peaks of reflectance of the 4 types of blue-light blocking lenses are in the range between 430 nm and 440 nm, and their reflectances are 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. According to the analysis results, as the reflectance of the blue-light blocking lens increases, the light intensity in the center of the lens decreases and the intensity of the stray light in the center-periphery and periphery of the lens increases. This trend appeared to intensify with increasing reflectance of the blue-light blocking lenses. Because the increase in the reflectance of the blue-light blocking lens degrades the quality of the image by increasing the intensity of the stray light in the center-periphery and periphery of the lens, its reflectance needs to be adjusted by varying the blue-light blocking ratio and the luminous transmittance, in order to diminish the level of visual discomfort.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 2023

Background: During hot environment work tasks with whole-body enclosed anti-bioaerosol suit, the combined effect of heavy sweating and exhaled hot humid air may cause the N95 medical respirator to saturate with water/sweat (i.e., water-blocking). Methods: 32 young male subjects with different body mass indexes (BMI) in whole-body protection (N95 medical respirator + one-piece protective suit + head covering + protective face screen + gloves + shoe covers) were asked to simulate waste collecting from each isolated room in a seven-story building at 27-28℃, and the weight, inhalation resistance (R_f), and aerosol penetration of the respirator before worn and after water-blocking were analyzed. Results: All subjects reported water-blocking asphyxia of the N95 respirators within 36-67 min of the task. When water-blocking occurred, the R_f and 10-200 nm total aerosol penetration (P_t) of the respirators reached up to 1270-1810 Pa and 17.3-23.3%, respectively, which were 10 and 8 times of that before wearing. The most penetration particle size of the respirators increased from 49-65 nm before worn to 115-154 nm under water-blocking condition, and the corresponding maximum size-dependent aerosol penetration increased from 2.5-3.5% to 20-27%. With the increase of BMI, the water-blocking occurrence time firstly increased then reduced, while the R_f, P_t, and absorbed water all increased significantly. Conclusions: This study reveals respirator water-blocking and its serious negative impacts on respiratory protection. When performing moderate-to-high-load tasks with whole-body protection in a hot environment, it is recommended that respirator be replaced with a new one at least every hour to avoid water-blocking asphyxia.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

Background: Platelets take part in repairing the lesions of endothelial damage. To understand the molecular mechanism of this process, we tested the hypothesis that CD154 expressed on activated platelets stimulates proliferation of human endothelial cells. Methods: The expression levels of CD154 and CD40 on platelets and endothelial cells, respectively, were measured by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Function-blocking monoclonal antibody against CD154 was developed after immunization with CD154-transfected L cells. Results: An anti-CD40 agonist antibody and soluble CD154 both induced significant proliferation of endothelial cells. In addition, a function-blocking anti-CD154 antibody inhibited the platelet-induced proliferation of endothelial cells, indicating that the CD154-CD40 pathway is involved in these cellular interactions. An anti-VEGF antibody failed to inhibit the proliferation. This, in addition to the fact that very small amounts of VEGF are released from platelets or endothelial cells, suggests that VEGF does not play an important role in the platelet-stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells. Conclusion: Our results indicate that platelets induce proliferation of endothelial cells by CD154-CD40 interactions independently of VEGF.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2015

Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide is found in several types of edible brown algae. It has shown numerous biological activities; however, the molecular mechanisms on the activity against atopic dermatitis have not been reported yet. We now examined the effects of fucoidan on chemokine production co-induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ, and the possible mechanisms underlying these biological effects. Our data showed that fucoidan inhibited the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced production of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophagederived chemokine (MDC) mRNA in human keratinocytes HaCaT cells. Also, fucoidan suppressed phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, fucoidan significantly inhibited activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation. These data indicate that fucoidan shows anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the expression of TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced chemokines by blocking NF-κB, STAT1, and ERK1/2 activation, suggestive of as used as a therapeutic application in inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.108-119
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Samhwangseje(SHSJ) on anti-Inflammation in Raw 264.7 cell. Methods : The effects of SHSJ on anti-Inflammation were measured by the cytotoxicity of Raw 264.7 cell, the inhibition for NO, TNF-$\alpha$, $PGE_{2}$, iNOS and COX-2, the blocking NF-${\kappa}B$ into nucleus. Results : 1. All concentrations of SHSJ had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All concentrations of SHSJ inhibited the production of NO in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 3. All concentrations of SHSJ did not inhibit the production of TNF-$\alpha$ in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 4. All concentrations of SHSJ inhibited the production of $PGE_{2}$ in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 5. All concentrations of SHSJ did not inhibit the expression of COX-2 but concentrations of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ SHSJ inhibited iNOS expression in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 6. Concentrations of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ SHSJ had the effect of blocking NF-${\kappa}B$ into nucleus in LPS-induced macrophage Raw 264.7 cell.