• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2009

이 연구에 사용된 9종류의 나노입자는 직경 100 nm 이하의 크기를 가진 입자로, 알테미아 cyst가 nauplius로 부화되는 과정에서 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 24시간 경과 후 나노입자를 첨가하지 않은 대조구에서는 82%가 nauplius로 부화하였다. 20 mg/L 농도에서는 AGZ020, Nano silver, P-25, Sb, 및 SnO 나노입자가 각각 18%, 20%, 13%, 50% 및 0%의 부화율을 보여 유해성이 큰 것으로 나타났으나, Ag-$TiO_2$, In, Sn, 및 Zn 나노입자에서는 각각 75%, 60%, 73% 및 73%로 대조구에 비해 유해성을 가졌지만, AGZ020, Nano silver, P-25, Sb, 및 SnO 나노입자에 비해 상대적으로 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 나노입자가 가지고 있는 성분에 따라서 차이가 났다. AGZ020, Nano silver 및 P-25 나노입자는 은(Ag)이 2% 함유되어 항균제로서 널리 사용되어지고 있으며, 산소를 결합시킨 SnO 나노입자는 광촉매제로 사용되고 있다. 이들 나노입자들은 현재 가전, 기능성 화장품, 항균제 및 광촉매제 등 사용이 일반화되어 수중환경으로 유입될 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라 수중생태계에 점차 영향을 줄 가능성이 높기에, 나노입자가 가지는 잠재적 위험성을 지속적으로 연구해야 할 것이다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2015

Objectives: Banhahoobak-tang has been used to treat plum-pit qi, chest and hypochondriac distension, moist or greasy tongue coat, and wiry slow or wiry slippery pulse. It might be used to control coughing and vomiting. We observed that Banhahoobak-tang extract (BHTe) had anti-psychological stress effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of BHTe on restoring the transcriptional regulation of genes related to psychological stress. Methods: After giving psychological stress to mice, BHTe was orally administered at 100 mg/kg/day for five days. After extracting whole brain tissue from the mice, the gene expression changes were determined by microarray. Transcription factor binding site (TFBS) analysis showed up- and down-regulated genes related to psychological stress were protected by BHTe and segregated according to the structure of TFBS. We performed text based Pubmed search to select significant target genes involved in psychological stress affected by BHTe. Results: 1. Serum corticosterone level was decreased in the BHTe administered group, although the psychological stress was increased. 2. The BHTe administered group had no significant change in noradrenaline content in brain tissue, but the psychological stress group had decreased level. 3. The BHTe administered group had increased time of staying at open-arm than the psychological stress group. 4. Microarray revealed that TANK and RARA genes were up-regulated genes while AES, CDC42, FOS, NCL, and PVR were down-regulated genes by psychological stress but restored by BHTe.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.555-560
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• 2006

Objectives : The objective of this study is to analyze what quality of life(QOL) scales are frequently used in cancer patients and lay a cornerstone to develop new QOL scales adequate for oriental medical anti-cancer treatment in the future. Methods : We searched 151 articles concerned with 'QOL and scale and cancer' from PubMed and classified them according to periods. nations. cancer types and symptoms. Results: 138 articles(91%) were published after 1996. 65 articles(43%) were published in USA. For breast. lung, prostate. esophageal cancer and melanoma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-quiality of life questionaire(EORTC-QLQ) was used most frequently to evaluate quality of life. Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment(FACT) for bladder cancer. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) for colorectal cancer and of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire(UW-QOL) for Head & Neck cancer were used repeatedly. And for the patients with the symptoms such as bone marrow depression. depression. pain. dyspnea. nausea & vomiting and voice change. the investigators used EORTC-QLQ mainly to evaluate QOL. FACT-An(anemia) for anemia. FACT-BMT(bone marrow transplant) for bone marrow depression were applicated generally. Conclusions It is anticipated that further investigations will be performed to develop adequate QOL scales for oriental medical anti-cancer therapy.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.137-141
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• 2008

이 연구에 사용된 9종류의 나노입자는 직경 100nm 이하의 크기를 가진 입자로, 알테미아 cyst가 nauplius로 부화되는 과정에서 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 24시간 경과 후 나노입자를 첨가하지 않은 대조구에서는 82%가 nauplius의 부화하였다. 20mg/L 농도에서는 AGZ020, Nano silver, P-25, Sb, 및 SnO 나노입자가 각각 18%, 20%, 13%, 50% 및 0%의 부화율을 보여 유해성이 큰 것으로 나타났으나, Ag-$TiO_2$, In, Sn, 및 Zn 나노입자에서는 각각 75%, 60%, 73% 및 73%로 대조구에 비해 유해성을 가졌지만, AGZ020, Nano silver, P-25, Sb, 및 SnO 나노입자에 비해 상대적으로 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 나노입자가 가지고 있는 성분에 따라서 차이가 났다. AGZ020, Nano silver 및 P-25 나노입자는 은(Ag)이 2% 함유되어 항균제로서 널리 사용되어지고 있으며, 산소를 결합시킨 SnO 나노입자는 광촉매제로 사용되고 있다. 이들 나노입자들은 현재 가전, 기능성 화장품, 항균제 및 광촉매제 등 사용이 일반화되어 수중환경으로 유입될 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라 수중생태계에 전파 영향을 준 가능성이 높기에, 나노입자가 가지는 잠재적 위험성을 지속적으로 연구해야 할 것이다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-197
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• 2011

본 연구는 운전행동 결정요인 구성요인의 내용을 확장시켜 위험운전행동 및 운전 경험과의 관련성을 살펴보기 위한 목적으로 시행되었다. 기존의 운전행동 결정요인 관련 연구에서는 다뤄지지 않았으나, 다른 연구자들이 위험행동과 관련성을 가지고 있다고 주장한 분노, 내향성 및 A형 성격유형 등의 인적요인을 기존 모델에 더 추가하여 운전행동 결정요인을 재구성하고, 재구성된 요인들과 위험운전행동, 운전자의 개인특성 및 실제 운전경험 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 270명의 운전자로부터 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과, 운전행동 결정요인은 문제회피, 이익/자극 추구, 대인불안, 대인분노 및 공격성의 5개 요인으로 재구성 되었으며, 위험운전행동 부문 역시 과속운전, 대처미숙, 난폭운전, 음주운전 및 주의산만의 5개 요인으로 구분되었다. 전반적으로 운전행동 결정요인 수준에서 부정적 성향이 강할수록 운전자들의 위험운전행동 수준이 높았으며, 실제 운전경험에 있어서도 과속적발 경험이나 음주운전 시도경험, 교통사고 경험이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 높은 관련성을 볼 때, 향후 운전행동 결정요인의 측정을 통해 개인의 위험운전행동 유발 가능성을 미리 예측하고 위험 운전자들을 사전에 판별하여 교육서비스를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2012

Sino-Japanese relations suffered a great setback during the premiership of Koizumi $Jun'ichir{\bar{o}}$ (2001-2006). Although many factors, such as dispute over the resources of the East China Sea or Japan's anxiety about China's growing military expenditures, are accountable for this situation, it was Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine that became a symbol of the controversies between the two countries. The Yasukuni issue triggered a real eruption of profound anti-Japanese feelings among the Chinese people. While commentators in China accused Koizumi of glorifying militarism and whitewashing the atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers during the Second World War, the Japanese public started perceiving China's "exaggerated" reaction as a convenient diplomatic tool used by China to apply pressure on Japan in other bilateral disputes. On the one hand, spontaneous protests against Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine constituted a great constraint in China's diplomacy towards Japan, but on the other, they also became an ideal pretext for adopting a tougher stance in Chinese foreign policy. In this paper, I examine different points of view on the Yasukuni issue. After describing the Japanese background of the visits to the controversial shrine, I analyze various interpretations of China's reaction to the problem. Although emotions dominated discourse on the Yasukuni issue both in Japan and China, some pragmatic attempts to use this problem can still be seen. Besides being a side-effect of Koizumi's strong personality, the Yasukuni issue could be used either as a tool of factional struggle in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) or as an instrument of Chinese foreign policy towards Japan.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.297-310
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is designed to investigate the effects of Banhahubak-Tang Extract (BHTe) on stress. Methos: BHTe was fed to ICR male mice ($20{\pm}2g$) orally with the dose of 100 mg/kg/day for five days. Mice were then exposed to sociopsychological stress by observing foot shock stressed mice for one hour for five days while restrained. Results: 1) The BHTe-administered group showed a tendency of decreasing of serum corticosterone secretion compared with the control group. 2) The BHTe-administered group showed an increase in noradrenalin secretions in the dorsal cortex of the brain, but it was not significant. 3) BHTe administration had no effect on the brain level of lipid peroxidation. 4) BHTe administration decreased the serum level of lipid peroxidation. 5) BHTe administration decreased the Cu,Zn-SOD in the brain. 6) BHTe administration had no effect on catalase activity in the brain. 7) BHTe administration had no effect on the brain level of GSH. 8) BHTe administration increased the serum level of DPPH free radical scavenging activity, but not significantly enough to make a comparison with BHT. 9) The elevated plus-maze test is designed to detect the effect of anxiolytic drugs. The BHTe group showed a significant increase in latency time. Conclusions: These results suggest that BHTe can effectively rid the subject of the effects of sociopsychological stress.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2018

Gamiguibi-tang (GGBT) is a traditional herbal medicine generally used to treat anemia, insomnia, anxiety, and nervousness. GGBT is being commercially produced in the form of extract granule and the quality control methods are specified in the Korean Herbal Pharmacopeia (KHP). However, there is no method to simultaneously analyze compound preparations. In this study, a HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of marker compounds in GGBT. And the contents of marker components and biological activities of the commercial GGBT extract granules (GGBT-2 and GGBT-3) were compared with those of the GGBT decoction (GGBT-1). We confirmed the robustness of simultaneous analytical method by monitoring the contents of the commercial GGBT products and carrying out validation. The marker components of GGBT were geniposide ($8.03{\sim}12.70{\mu}g/mL$), paeoniflorin ($2.79{\sim}4.25{\mu}g/mL$) and glycyrrhizic acid ($5.06{\sim}6.30{\mu}g/mL$). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 47.34~63.17% and 21.52~33.61% in the GGBT products concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The GGBT products significantly decreased NO, iNOS and COX-2 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The GGBT-2 had higher contents of marker components and biological activities than GGBT-1 and GGBT-3. The research suggest that be used in developing quality control methods for enhancing the quality of herbal medicines.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2018

Background: Venipuncture pain is an uncomfortable suffering to the patient. It creates anxiety, fear and dissatisfaction. The ketoprofen transdermal patch is a proven treatment for musculoskeletal and arthritic pain. We planned this study to evaluate the efficacy of the ketoprofen patch to reduce venipuncture pain. Methods: Two hundred adult patients, aged 18-60 years, of either sex, ASA grade I or II, were enrolled. Presuming that therapy would decrease venipuncture pain by 30%, a power calculation with ${\alpha}=0.05$ and ${\beta}=0.80$ required enrollment of at least 24 patients into each group. However, 100 patients in each group were recruited. Group I (Control) received a placebo patch; Group II (Ketoprofen) received a 20 mg ketoprofen patch. A selected vein on the dorsum of the patient's non-dominant hand was cannulated with 18 g intravenous cannula 1 h after the application of the respective patch. Assessment of pain was done by a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0-10, where 0 depicts "no pain" and 10 is "the worst imaginable pain". The venipuncture site was assessed for the presence of skin erythema, swelling and rashes at 12 h, 24 h and at the time of decannulation. Results: Incidence of pain was 100% (94/94) in the control group as compared to 93% (85/91) in the ketoprofen group. The severity of the venipuncture pain was 6 (2) and 2 (2) for control and ketoprofen groups respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Application of a ketoprofen patch at the proposed site of venipuncture one hour before the attempt is effective and safe for attenuating venipuncture pain.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

Gardenia Jasminoides(GJ) is traditionally used for treatment of hepatic disease, insomnia, anxiety, and inflammatory disease. The aim of this study is to examine effects of GJ extract in response to stress. Animals of the normal group were not exposed to any stress and the control group were exposed to stress. The rats of the Ginseng and GJ supplementary group were orally administered once a day with 100mg of red ginseng extract, 100mg of GJ extract/kg body weight. The mice were given water containing 200mg of red ginseng extract, 200mg of GJ extract/100ml potable water. Animals were given supplements for 7 days without stress, and then were given supplements for 5 days with restraint and electroshock stress. After loading final stress, we examined stress related behavioral changes of experimental animals and measured the levels of blood corticosterone. GJ-supplementation partially blocked the stress effect on locomotion and elevated plus maze test in rats, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, face-washing, smelling and rearing behavior in rats. The effect was almost equipotent to Ginseng's effect. GJ-supplementation didn't influence on fatigue related behavior or physical stress resistance. GJ-supplementation decreased the levels of blood corticosterone which is increased by stress in rats. These results suggest that GJ protects partially the living organism from stress attack and it has the potential to be used as a functional material to alleviate stress response.