• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2009

Sulfated fucans are known to have both anti-thrombotic and anti-coagulant activities. In this study, the variation in platelet aggregation and anti-coagulant activities was investigated in vitro with regard to administered dose, molecular weight distribution, sulfate content, and sugar composition in two algal fucoidans from Eisenia bicyclis and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls (Mekabu). The anti-coagulant activity largely correlated with sulfate content and with molecular weight distribution in a dose-dependent manner. However, both fucoidans demonstrated inhibitory responses to ADP-induced platelet aggregation in dose- and structure-dependent manners that contrasted with the anti-coagulant activity. Neither molecular weight distribution nor sulfate content greatly affected platelet-aggregation inhibition (PA-inhibition) by the fucoidan fractions, whereas anti-coagulant activity was sensitive to these structural factors. Interestingly, an E. bicyclis fucoidan fraction exhibited almost complete PA-inhibition at a treatment dose of 500 mg/mL while retaining weak anti-coagulant activity. In conclusion, these observations suggest that fucoidan may be a useful anti-thrombotic or anti-platelet agent in various arterial thrombotic disorders, including post-vascular intervention with controlled bleeding complications, due to its anti-coagulant modulating activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.964-971
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• 2019

간의 지질 축적과 인슐린 저항성은 비알콜성 지방간 환자에게서 증가한다. Piperine은 후추(Piper nigrum)와 필발(인도산 후추, P. longum)의 주요 성분으로 항암, 항비만, 항 당뇨병, 항염증 및 항산화 등의 생리활성이 보고되었다. 그러나 piperine의 인간 간세포 HepG2 세포에서 지질 축적과 인슐린 저항성의 억제제로서의 연구는 보고된 바가 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성에 대한 piperine의 효과를 palmitate처리된 HepG2 세포에서 잠재적인 분자 기전을 밝히는 것이다. 그 결과 piperine처리군은 지질 함량을 감소시켰고, 지방 형성 표적 유전자인 SREBP-1c와 FAS의 발현을 억제함으로써 palmitate처리된 세포내 지질 축적을 감소시켰다. 게다가 piperine처리군은 지방산 산화에 관련된 CPT-1과 인산화된 ACC 및 인산화된 IRS-1 (Tyr632)와 Akt의 레벨을 증가시켰다. 또한, piperine처리군은 인산화된 IRS-1 (Ser307)의 레벨을 감소시켰다. 결론적으로 palmitate처리된 HepG2 세포에서 piperine은 SREBP-1와 FAS발현의 감소 및 CPT-1과 ACC 인산화의 증가 및 인산화된 IRS-1(Try632)와 Akt 신호전달 경로를 조절함으로써 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성을 개선함을 확인하였다. 따라서 piperine의 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성을 예방하는 약물로써 가능성이 제시되었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2010

This study investigated the inhibitory effects of sea mustard on high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) powder, sea mustard ethanol extract, and sea mustard ethanol-extracted residue were tested. The ethanol extracted residue had the most beneficial anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Alginate in the sea mustard was considered to be the key component. The ethanol-extracted residue of sea mustard also had antioxidant activity, which may be effective in preventing hyperlipidemia by increasing the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, which can remove active oxygen from the bloodstream.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

Purpose: Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss that is characterized as periodontitis. Omega-3 fatty acids (${\omega}$-3 FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus have been used to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with ${\omega}$-3 FAs as a host modulating agent in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The control group (CG, n=30) was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and given a placebo; the treatment group (TG, n=30) was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of ${\omega}$-3 FAs (one 300 mg tablet daily for 12 weeks). Periodontal clinical parameters and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated in all patients at baseline, a 6-week and 12-week period after treatment. Results: A significant reduction in the gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was found in the TG compared to the CG at a 12-week period. However, no statistically significant changes in serum CRP levels were found. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ${\omega}$-3 FAs can successfully reduce gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and attachment level gain. Dietary supplementation with ${\omega}$-3 FAs may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or C management of chronic periodontitis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10407-10412
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• 2015

Background: ${\beta}$-elemene, extracted from herb medicine Curcuma wenyujin has potent anti-tumor effects in various cancer cell lines. However, the activity of ${\beta}$-elemene against glioma cells remains unclear. In the present study, we assessed effects of ${\beta}$-elemene on human glioma cells and explored the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: Human glioma U87 cells were used. Cell proliferation was determined with MTT assay and colony formation assay to detect the effect of ${\beta}$-elemene at different doses and times. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe cell apoptosis with Hoechst 33258 staining and change of glioma apoptosis and cell cycling were analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western-blotting assay were performed to investigated the influence of ${\beta}$-elemene on expression levels of Fas/FasL, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax. The experiment was divided into two groups: the blank control group and ${\beta}$-elemne treatment group. Results: With increase in the concentration of ${\beta}$-elemene, cytotoxic effects were enhanced in the glioma cell line and the concentration of inhibited cell viability ($IC_{50}$) was $48.5{\mu}g/mL$ for 24h. ${\beta}$-elemene could induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. With Hoechst 33258 staining, apoptotic nuclear morphological changes were observed. Activation of caspase-3,-8 and -9 was increased and the pro-apoptotic factors Fas/FasL and Bax were upregulated, while the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was downregulated after treatment with ${\beta}$-elemene at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, proliferation and colony formation by U87 cells were inhibited by ${\beta}$-elemene in a time and does-dependent manner. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ${\beta}$-elemene inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro. The induction of apoptosis appears to be related with the upregulation of Fas/FasL and Bax, activation of caspase-3,-8 and -9 and downregulation of Bcl-2, which then trigger major apoptotic cascades.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.613-617
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adipogenesis is part of the cell differentiation process in which undifferentiated fibroblasts (pre-adipocytes) become mature adipocytes with the accumulation of lipid droplets and subsequent cell morphological changes. Several transcription factors and food components have been suggested to be involved in adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether mulberry leaf ethanol extract (MLEE) affects adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with different doses of MLEE for 8 days starting 2 days post-confluence. Cell viability, fat accumulation, and adipogenesis-related factors including CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), $PPAR{\gamma}$ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-$1{\alpha}$), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adiponectin were analyzed. RESULTS: Results showed that MLEE treatments at 10, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$ had no effect on cell morphology and viability. Without evident toxicity, all MLEE treated cells had lower fat accumulation compared with control as shown by lower absorbances of Oil Red O stain. MLEE at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ significantly reduced protein levels of $PPAR{\gamma}$, PGC-$1{\alpha}$, FAS, and adiponectin in differentiated adipocytes. Furthermore, protein level of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ was significantly decreased by the treatment of $100{\mu}g/ml$ MLEE. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that MLEE treatment has an anti-adipogenic effect in differentiated adipocytes without toxicity, suggesting its potential as an anti-obesity therapeutic.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2015

The anti-obesity effects of starter (Leuconostoc mesenteroides+Lactobacillus plantarum) fermented kimchi on 3T3-L1 adipocyte were studied using naturally fermented kimchi (NK), a functional kimchi (FK, NK supplemented with green tea), and FK supplemented with added starters (FKS). Oil red O staining and cellular levels of triglyceride (TG) and glycerol were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-obesity effects of these kimchis in 3T3-L1 cells. The expressions of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related genes of peroxisome proliferator-active receptor (PPAR)-${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhance-binding protein (C/EBP)-${\alpha}$, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were determined by RT-PCR. Kimchis, especially FKS, markedly decreased TG levels and increased levels of intracellular glycerol and lipid lipolysis. In addition, FKS also reduced the mRNA levels of PPAR-${\gamma}$, C/EBP-${\alpha}$, and FAS, which are related to adipogenesis/lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggest the anti-obesity effects of FKS were to due to enhanced lipolysis and reduced adipogenesis/lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.942-949
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• 2010

Morus alba L., a kind of Oriental medicinal herbs, has been traditionally used to treat pulmonary asthma and congestion. According to recent studies, extracts of M. alba L. have showed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor and hypoglycemic effects. However, the molecular mechanisms on how it acts as a death-inducer in cancer cells have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the cell death effects of methylene chloride extracts of M. alba L. (MEMA) in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. It was shown that MEMA induced the apoptotic cell death proved by increased sub-G1 phase cell population, apoptotic body formation and chromatin condensation. MEMA treatment induced the expression of death receptor-related proteins such as death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, Fas and FasL, which further triggered the activation of caspase-8 and the cleavage of Bid in a concentration-dependent manner. However, MEMA reduced anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression which contributed to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the activations of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Meanwhile, the morphological study indicated a characteristic finding of autophagy, such as the formation of autophagosomes in MEMA-treated cells. Furthermore, markers of autophagy, namely, the increased MDC-positive cells, conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II and increased beclin-1 accumulation, were observed. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that MEMA triggered both autophagy and apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. They might suggest that M. alba L. could be a prospective clinical application to treat human lung cancers.