• 약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2003

As previously reported, an immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibody (MAb) B6.1, specific for a cell wall B-l,2-mannotriose, was protective against vaginal infection due to Candida albicans when mice were treated with the antibody. In this study, the role of neutrophil was examined in the protective effect of MAb B6.1 against vaginal infection. To deplete neutrophils, mice were given intravenously rat anti-mouse neutrophile MAb RB6-8C5 prior to intraperitoneal administration of MAb B6.1 to these mice. The mice were examined for antibody in their reproductive tract. By an ELISA, MAb B6.1 was found in the vaginal homogenates, but no antibody was detected in vaginal lavage materials. The neutropenia was induced by a single dose of the anti-neutrophil antibody, but lymphocytes were also partially depleted. The protective effect of MAb B6.1 was decreased when mice pretreated with MAb RB6-8C5 were given the anti-Candida antibody before challenge with C. albicans yeast cells intravaginally. These results show that neutrophils are involved in the MAb B6.1 protection against Candida vaginal infection.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2006

유도된 집파리유통 hemolymph중에서 Candida albicans의 3가지 anti-fungal peptides를 분리하였다. 3개 anti-fungal peptides는 분자량이 4-16 kDa 사이의 분명한 구별이 있을 뿐만 아니라, 각 peptide는 anti-fungal peptides작용이 있었다. 이들 peptide의 공통 특징은 모두 열을 받은 뒤 활성이 변하지 않는 비교적 강한 내열성을 보여주었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of Fel Ursi Pharmacopunture solution(FUPS) manufactured by using alcohol/water extraction method. To identify the use of it as eyedrops, antibacterial test on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans was performed. Methods : After treatment FUPS on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, we investigated anti-bacterial effects of FUPS on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans in terms of measuring MIC and size of inhibition zone respectively. Results : After FUPS was treated, significant changes of MIC on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans were not observed at all. Conclusions : The present study suggests that FUPS doesn't have anti-bacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans which cause Keratitis. Perhap These results recommend that FUPS doesn't have anti-bacterial effects but have other mechanism which suppress inflammation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.685-693
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• 2017

Candidiasis involving the biofilms of Candida albicans is a threat to immunocompromised patients. Candida biofilms are intrinsically resistant to the antifungal drugs and hence novel treatment strategies are desired. The study intended to evaluate the anti-Candida activity of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) alone and with fluconazole (FLC), particularly against the biofilms. Results revealed the concentration-dependent activity of AITC against the planktonic growth and virulence factors of C. albicans. Significant (p <0.05) inhibition of the biofilms was evident at ${\leq}1mg/ml$ concentrations of AITC. Notably, a combination of 0.004 mg/ml of FLC and 0.125 mg/ml of AITC prevented the biofilm formation. Similarly, the preformed biofilms were significantly (p <0.05) inhibited by the AITC-FLC combination. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 0.132 to 0.312 indicated the synergistic activity of AITC and FLC against the biofilm formation and the preformed biofilms. No hemolytic activity at the biofilm inhibitory concentrations of AITC and the AITC-FLC combination suggested the absence of cytotoxic effects. The recognizable synergy between AITC and FLC offers a potential therapeutic strategy against biofilm-associated Candida infections.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2008

We have evaluated the combined antifungal effects of the essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus or its main component 1,8-cineole with ketoconazole. Checkerboard microtiter tests were used to analyze their effects against three Candida and six Trichophyton species. The susceptibility of the Trichophyton species to E. globulus essential oil differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) against the tested Candida species ranged between 0.09 and 0.38 for ketoconazole combined with E. globulus essential oil or 1,8-cineole, indicating significant synergism between ketoconazole and the oil samples. Similar experiments using Trichophyton species resulted in FICIs between 0.28 and 0.63, indicating relatively weaker combined effects than those observed with Candida species. Thus, the data reported here show that the anti-Candida effects of ketoconazole can be significantly improved in the presence of E. globulus essential oil or 1, 8-cineole.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2014

In the present studies, we examined effect of chamomile flowers extract (CH-Ex), which has traditionally been used as antiphlogistics in Europe for many centuries, against Candida albicans-caused septic arthritis. Candida albicans is a major etiological agent among fungal septic arthritis. This effect was investigated in a murine model of the septic arthritis. That is, mice that were given an emulsion form of C. albicans cell wall (CACW) via footpad route were treated intraperitoneally with the CH-Ex for 3 times every 3 days. Degrees of the footpad-swellings were measured with dial gauger. Data showed that the CH-Ex resulted in the reduction of swelling. For instance, at Day 9 when swelling reached the highest peak, there was up to app. 60% reduction of edema in mice injected with the CH-Ex, compared to that of the control mice that received no treatment (P<0.05). This therapeutic anti-arthritic activity appeared to be mediated by inhibitions of NO (nitric oxide) production from activated RAW264.7 macrophages and proliferation of Con A-treated T lymphocytes. Analysis by HPLC revealed that the CH-Ex contained eight polyphenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid (CRA) and rutin. We have reported the CRA and rutin respectively have the anti-arthritic activity. This correlation implicates that CRA and rutin in the CH-Ex may be responsible for the activity. Combined all together, the CH-Ex has anti-arthritic activity against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis, possibly by inhibiting NO production and proliferation of T cells. This activity seems to be contributed by, at least, CRA and rutin among the compounds in the CH-Ex.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1242-1248
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• 2017

Several medicinal plants are ethnomedically used in Korea as agents for treating infection, anti-inflammation, and pain relief. However, beyond typical inhibitory effects on cell growth, little is known about the potential anti-biofilm activity of these herbs, which may help to prevent cavities and maintain good oral health. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of the methanol extracts of 37 Korean medicinal plants against dental pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, which synergize their virulence so as to induce the formation of plaque biofilms in the oral cavity. The antimicrobial activities were investigated by broth dilution and disk diffusion assay. The anti-biofilm and antioxidant activities were evaluated based on the inhibitory effect against glucosyltransferase (GTase) and the DPPH assay, respectively. Among 37 herbs, eight plant extracts presented growth and biofilm inhibitory activities against both etiologic bacteria. Among them, the methanol extracts (1.0 mg/ml) from Camellia japonica and Thuja orientalis significantly inhibited the growth of both bacteria by over 76% and over 83% in liquid media, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of these methanol extracts were determined to be 0.5 mg/ml using a disk diffusion assay on solid agar media. Biofilm formation was inhibited by more than 92.4% and 98.0%, respectively, using the same concentration of each extract. The present results demonstrate that the medicinal plants C. japonica and T. orientalis are potentially useful as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents in preventing dental diseases.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2010

본 실험은 Propolis ethanol 추출물과, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol 등 4가지 용매로 더 추출한 분획틀을 이용하여 DPPH radical 소거능 실험과 항진균활성을 알아보았고, 고체배지 및 액체배지에서 항진균활성을 측정하였다. 또한 luciferase mRNA를 이용한 in vitro translation으로 이들 추출물에 의한 단백질합성에의 영향을 검토하였다. 첫 번째로, 액체배지에서의 항진균 활성을 실험한 결과 Candida glabrata, Candida lusitaniae 그리고 Cryptococcos neoformans 등의 성장저해율이 chloroform 분획 존재하에서 각각 39%, 41%, 48% 이었으며 ethyl acetate 분획 존재하에서 각각 25%, 24%, 13%로 측정되었다. 이 결과는 ethyl acetate 분획에 비해 chloroform 분획에 진균 성장 저해물질이 가장 많이 존재함을 나타낸다. 두 번째로, 동일한 비율로 희석한 프로폴리스 분획물들과 합성 항산화제인 BHT의 수소공여능을 비교하였을 때 Ethanol 추출물의 수소공여능은 합성항산화제인 0.1% BHT의 수소공여능보다 높았으며, 분획들 중에서 chloroform 분획이 가장 수소공여능이 높았다. 세 번째로, luciferase mRNA를 이용한 in vitro, translation 실험에서는 Propoliis ethanol 추출물이 단백질합성을 저해하는 것으로 관찰되었다. Propolis 분획물들 중에서 chloroform 분획이 단백질 합성을 가장 많이 저해하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 chloroform 분획물이 다른 분획에 비해 수소공여능, 진균성장 저해율 및 단백질합성 저해활성이 가장 큰 것으로 보여지므로 이 분획물에 대한 생화학적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the efficacy of Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods : After administering Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : There was no response to MIC on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution dosen't have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.693-697
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• 2004

YH-1715R, (2R,3R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-1,2,4-isothiazol-3-yl-thio)-1-( 1H-1,2,4-triazol-l-yl)-2-butanol, a new triazole derivative obtained by the structural modification of fluconazole, was found to exhibit potent anti-Candida activity against a wide variety of Candida albicans (C. albicans) (MIC: 0.4-12.5 mg/l). To investigate the mode of action of YH-1715R, its effect on ergosterol biosynthesis in cell-free extracts and whole cells of C. albicans was examined. The inhibitory activity of YH-1715R was approximately ten-fold higher than that of fluconazole. To determine the primary action mechanism of YH-1715R, its inhibitory activity against lanosterol $14\alpha$-demethylase (14$\alpha$-DM), a major target for azole, was measured using gas-liquid chromatography. YH-1715R and fluconazole were found to inhibit 14a-DM with an $IC_{50}$ of 0.015 $\mu$M and 0.01$8\mu$M, respectively, plus the mode of inhibition of YH-1715R and fluconozole was noncompetitive with a $K_i$ of 0.0533$\mu$M and 0.0975$\mu$M.