• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to confirm the anti-oxidative effect of Chungpyesagan-tang(CPSGT) extract. Methods : In this study, MTT assay was performed to confirm cell viability, and DPPH and ABTS were performed to confirm radical scavenging ability. The ROS scavenging ability and the protective effect against DNA damage were confirmed by 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCF-DA) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) staining and comet assay. mRNA expression of Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) was measured by real-time PCR, and expression of HO-1 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1) proteins was measured by western blot. Results : CPSGT was not cytotoxic at 50-400㎍/㎖. The radical scavenging activity was increased, and the ROS scavenging activity and the protective effect against DNA damage were increased compared to the LPS-treated group. The mRNA expression and protein expression of HO-1 were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The protein expression level of Keap1 was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion : This suggests that CPSGT has an antioxidant effect and can be used as a potential material for skin diseases.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.116-116
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• 2018

Bioconversion, the enzymatic process by microorganism on organic precursor to desired products. The natural extract is converted into a form that can be easily absorbed into the skin, while scaling up of to higher quantity is possible. Selection of naturally processed raw material rather than chemically processed is preferred. Therefore, fermentation was carried out by mixing Rubus coreanus Miquel, soybean, Zanthoxylum schinifolium as bioconverting materials, the possibility of inflammation, whitening material were checked. In this study, useful microorganisms were isolated from various salted fish, and 16S rDNA sequence was analyzed to confirm their genetic characteristics. Combining the three natural materials using bioconversion technology to study their activity before and after fermentation. To evaluate the antioxidant activity and the active ingredient content the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the total polyphenol content were examined. Raw 264.7 cells were used to evaluate MTT assay, NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production inhibitory activity. Also, to evaluate the whitening activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin formation inhibitory activity were measured using B16F10 cells. In total 34 strains were obtained from various salted fish. The effective strains useful for the bioconversion process, showed that DPPH radical scavenging ability and polyphenol content were increased in the two kinds of microbial treatment groups compared to the untreated group. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis of the strains showed excellent in Pediococcus pentosaceus B1 in comparison. An increase of up-to 156% in anti-oxidative activity and 141% in polyphenol content was observed after bioconversion. In addition, after mixed fermentation the toxidty of Raw 264.7 and B16F10 cells tended to decrease and a significant increase was observed in anti-inflammatory activity as well. Also, tyrosinase activity and melanin significantly. synthesis decreased significantly.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.259-270
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• 2019

Background: Eucommia ulmoides has long been used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and other diseases in many Asian countries. Methods and Results: This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of its water (EU-DW, and REU-DW) and ethanol (EU-EtOH, and REU-EtOH) extracts, as well as those of non-roasted E. ulmoides (EU) and roasted EU (REU) cortex. The following were assessed in each extract: total phenolic and flavonoid contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and nitrite radical scavenging activities, reducing power, DNA damage prevention activity, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition activity. Both EU and REU extracts showed high phenolic and flavonoid content, dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging capacity, high reducing activity, and considerable DNA damage prevention activity. EU extracts showed remarkable ABTS free radicals scavenging capacity. REU extracts showed a higher radical scavenging capacity and played an important role in inhibiting NO production. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that aqueous and ethanol extracts of EU and REU possess antioxidant capacities, and prevent oxidative damage to DNA, probably owing to their phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore, EU and REU could be candidates antioxidant supplements.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.497-508
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of 'Donganme' (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) against oxidative stress under in vitro conditions and in a cellular system using C6 glial cells. The radical scavenging activities were observed using the substrates 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals. The Donganme extract had an •OH radical scavenging activity of 82.66% at a concentration of 100 ㎍·mL^-1. Additionally, when DPPH was used as the substrate, the Donganme extract exhibited a strong radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 28.56 ㎍·mL^-1. Furthermore, treating C6 glial cells with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reduced the cell viability and generated reactive of oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared to the normal levels, indicating that H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress. However, Donganme extracts increased the cell viability and inhibited ROS and LDH production against oxidative stress by H₂O₂ in the C6 glial cells. In particular, it showed effective cell protection with the cell viability, ROS production, and LDH release at 83.50, 88.06, and 14.87%, respectively, which were lower than the control or similar to the normal levels even at a low concentration of 100 ㎍·mL^-1. The present study suggests that the Donganme extract was effective in protecting against oxidative stress in C6 glial cells through its antioxidant activity. Thus, Donganme could be a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases due to oxidative stress.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2003

Inflammatory lung diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. The sources of the increased oxidative stress in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) derive from the increased burden of inhaled oxidants, and from the increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by several inflammatory, immune and various structural cells of the airways. Increased levels of ROS produced in the airways is reflected by increased markers of oxidative stress in the airspaces, sputum, breath, lungs and blood in patients with lung diseases. ROS, either directly or via the formation of lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal may play a role in enhancing the inflammation through the activation of stress kinases (JNK, MAPK, p38) and redox sensitive transcription factors such as NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1. Recent evidences have indicated that oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators can alter nuclear histone acetylation/deacetylation allowing access for transcription factor DNA binding leading to enhanced pro-inflammatory gene expression in various lung cells. Understanding of the mechanisms of redox signaling, NF-${\kappa}B$/AP-1 regulation, the balance between histone acetylation and deacetylation and the release and expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators may lead to the development of novel therapies based on the pharmacological manipulation of antioxidants in lung inflammation and injury. Antioxidants that have effective wide spectrum activity and good bioavailability, thiols or molecules which have dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, may be potential therapeutic agents which not only protect against the direct injurious effects of oxidants, but may fundamentally alter the underlying inflammatory processes which play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.1739-1744
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• 2010

돌단풍 잎의 항산화, 항염, 항당뇨, 항비만 활성을 탐색하고자 강원도 양구에서 자생하고 있는 돌단풍의 잎을 채집하여 에탄올과 증류수로 각각 추출하였다. 항산화 활성은 DPPH 라디칼 소거반응, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하여 검정하였다. 돌단풍 잎의 에탄올과 물추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 $IC_{50}$값은 각각 549.86과 $62.14{\mu}g$/mL이었고, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 에탄올 추출물이 307.63 mg/g으로 물 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량인 86.96 mg/g보다 높게 나타났으나 총 플라보노이드 함량은 에탄올과 물 추출물 각각 118.98과 110.16 mg/g으로 비슷한 함량을 나타냈다. 항염 활성은 RAW264.7 세포에 LPS와 돌단풍 잎추출물을 동시에 10 mg/mL 처리하여 NO 생성량을 측정하였으나 효과는 없었다. 항당뇨 활성은 $\alpha$-glucosidase와 $\alpha$-amylase 저해활성을 측정하였으며, 돌단풍 에탄올과 물 추출물의 $\alpha$-glucosidase $IC_{50}$값은 각각 5.62와 $425.63{\mu}g$/mL이었고, $\alpha$-amylase $IC_{50}$값은 각각 4,623.87과 $10,000{\mu}g$/mL 이상으로 돌단풍 에탄올 추출물의 항당뇨 활성은 매우 뛰어났다. 항비만 활성 탐색은 pancreatic lipase의 활성저해를 측정하였으며, 그 결과 돌단풍 잎의 에탄올과 물 추출물의 $IC_{50}$ 값은 모두 $10,000{\mu}g$/mL 이상으로 항비만 활성은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과 돌단풍 잎 추출물의 항산화, 항당뇨의 기능성활용 가공식품 및 건강기능식품으로의 개발이 기대된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2018

Background: Atractylodes radix is a well-known medicinal crop having many physiological effects. This study was conducted to select useful Atractylodes japonica ${\times}$ Atractylodes macrocephala (AJM) cultivars by comparing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory efficacies. Methods and Results: Seven extracts from AJM cultivars were used to treat lipopolysacchride (LPS)-treated BV2 cells, and the effects on cell viability and inhibition on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were analyzed. In vitro scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxynitrite ($NOO^-$) radicals were also investigated. Contents of total phenol, atractylenolide I, and atractylenolide III in the AJM extracts were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or spectrophotometry. The experiments show that none of the seven extracts was cytotoxic above 89.2% at $20-250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Extracts of Gowon, Dawon, Sangchul, and Huchul inhibited ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner, and Sangchul extract showed the highest inhibition on ROS production. All the AJM extracts showed effective inhibitory activity after on NO release in the LPS-treated BV2 cells, and Sangchul extract showed the highest activity. Sangchul extract had the most potent scavenging activities for $NOO^-$ and had some DPPH radical scavenging effect. Sangchul extract also had the highest content at total phenol and atractylenolide I content. Atractylenolide III was not detected in the AJM extracts. Conclusions: The results suggested that Sangchul was the most useful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory resource among the AJM cultivars.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and the anti-inflammatory effects of Danpitang(DPT) extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods : The macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells were used and MTT assay was performed to measure the cell viabilities at the various concentrations of DPT($50-400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Nitric oxide(NO) was measured in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Expressions of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were also performed by real-time PCR. Protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 was confirmed by western blot. The anti-oxidant activities of DPT was measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results : 1. There was no cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells treated with DPT compared to the control. 2. DPT treated group significantly inhibited NO production compared to the LPS treated group. 3. DPT treated group significantly decreased mRNA expressions of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 compared to the LPS treated group. 4. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, Adverse events, SCORAD Index Assessment were conducted; There were no severe adverse events during this study. And SCORAD Index showed a statistically significant decrease in treatment group in baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Therefore, it is suggested that products, if used for certain period, should be safe for the human body. 5. DPT was found to have high DPPH free radical scavenging ability. Conclusions : According to the above results, DPT can be used as a therapy in various anti-inflammatory skin diseases.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.27.1-27.9
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• 2023

Lespedeza cuneata (LC) is a perennial plant used in herbal medicine to treat numerous diseases, including prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes, early atherosclerosis, and hematuria. Reference collections of bioactive compounds of LC are crucial for the determination of their pharmacological properties. However, little is known regarding its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in alveolar macrophage (MH-S) cells. This study examined whether LC can inhibit reactive oxygen species and Coal fly ash (CFA) induced inflammation in MH-S cells. The anti-oxidative effects of LC were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, anti-inflammatory effects were examined using nitric oxide (NO) assay, and cytotoxicity was analyzed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The expression of inflammatory cytokine genes was assessed through a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our results revealed that LC exhibited high radical scavenging activity and a dose-dependent (7.8-1,000 ㎍/mL) inhibition of oxidation as compared to ascorbic acid and Trolox. It also inhibited CFA-induced NO production in MH-S cells. Moreover, it suppressed the CFA exposure-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. These results suggest that LC is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that can be useful as a nutraceutical product.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2015

Objectives : Gastric lesions affect many people around the world and their development are results of the imbalance between destructive and protective factors in the gastric mucosa. Lycium chinense has been widely used as a traditional Korean medicine, it was recently reported that they have potent anti-inflammatory effects in chronic hepatitis models. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Lycium chinense extract (LCE) on HCl-Ethanol induced gastric lesion mice.Methods : The ICR mice were divided randomly into five groups of six animals each. Group A was normal mice, and group B was treated orally with 0.5 ml 150 mM HCl-60% Ethanol. Mice in group C and D were pre-treatment of LCE (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg bodyweight, p.o before HCl/ethanol treatment) and group E was orally administered sucralfate (10 mg/kg).Results : 150mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of LCE. Pre-treatment of LCE attenuated reactive oxidative species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in stomach tissues. As results of stomach protein analyses, LCE effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in gastric lesion mice. In addition, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p-IκB) were down-regulated in LCE-administrated gastric lesion mice.Conclusions : Our discovery supports that the therapeutic activity of LCE ameliorate the development of gastric lesion via suppressing the oxidative stress and gastric partial inflammation induced by 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol.