• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the basal leptin concentrations in normal(n=17, BMI 20-25, obesity index 90-110%) and overweight(n=13, BMI > 25, obestity index > 120%) Korea young aldult males, and correlation between leptin concentrations, nutrients intake, anthropometry and other biochemical parameters. Nutritional status, serum leptin and biochemiccal parameters were evaluated based on 24hr-dietary records, anthropometric measurement and blood analysis. Obesity index were 138% and 101% in overweight and normal group, respectively. Serum leptin concentration was higher in overweight group than that in normal group (8.65$\pm$ 9.41 vs 2.06 $\pm$ 1.19, p<0.05). Serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and insulin concentrations were higher in overweight group than in normal group(p<0.05). Nutrients intakes was not different between two group. The leptin concentrations were correlated with body weight(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.05), obesity index(p<0.05), waist circumference(p<0.05), animal lipid intake(p<0.05)in overweight group.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1599-1608
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• 2008

본 연구는 농촌지역 노인들의 만성질환 예방을 위한 건강증진사업에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 안동시 읍면지역 농촌의 50세 이상 주민 1,384명을 대상으로 신체계측과 생화학적 영양상태를 측정하고 평가하였으며, 이들의 관련성을 분석하였다. 평균 연령은 62.7세(남자 63.8세, 여자 62.0세)였고, 연령별 분포는 $50{\sim}59$세가 33.0%, $60{\sim}69$세가 50.0%, 70세 이상이 17.0%이었다. 평균 신장은 남녀 각각 163.7과 151.5 cm, 평균 체중은 각각 63.3과 57.3 kg, 허리둘레 평균은 각각 82.5와 86.8 cm로 신장과 체중은 국민건강영양조사보다 작았지만 여자의 허리둘레는 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 체질량지수는 남녀 각각 23.6과 $24.9kg/m^2$로 국민건강영양조사보다 높았으며, 체지방율은 각각 21.8%와 31.8%였다. 비만 유병율이 체질량지수로는 남자 28.7%, 여자 47.3%였고, 50대 여자의 비만 유병율이 전국 평균(39.8%)보다 매우 높았다. 체지방율에 의한 비만 유병율은 남녀 각각 25.8%, 50.8%였으며, 남녀 모두 70세 이상에서 가장 높아 각각 37.5%와 58.5% 를 나타내었다. 허리둘레에 의한 복부비만은 남녀 각각 15.6%, 80.0%였으며, 50대 여자의 복부비만이 84.7%로서 전국 평균($50{\sim}54$세 60.7%, $55{\sim}59$세 69.6%)보다 매우 높았다. 수축기 혈압은 남녀 각각 136.9와 133.6 mmHg, 이완기 혈압은 각각 83.8과 82.5 mmHg로, 국민건강영양조사보다 수축기 혈압은 남자는 다소 높고 여자는 비슷하였으며, 이완기 혈압은 남녀 모두 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 혈색소치는 남자 14.3 g/dL, 여자 13.0 g/dL로 국민건강영양조사와 비슷하였으나, 헤마토크리트치는 남자 44.7%, 여자 39.8%로 전국 평균보다 높았다. 혈액의 지질 양상을 보면, 중성지방은 남녀 각각 98.5와 101.7 mg/dL로서 남녀 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 총 콜레스테롤치는 각각 170.0과 183.1 mg/dL, LDL-콜레스테롤치는 각각 106.8과 119.9 mg/dL로서 여자가 남자보다 더 높았으며, HDL-콜레스테롤은 각각 43.3과 42.7 mg/dL로서 성별 차이가 없었다. 국민건강영양조사보 다 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤이 모두 낮았으며 낮은 총 콜레스테롤치는 낮은 HDL-콜레스테롤치에 기인한 것으로 분석되었다. 공복 혈당은 남녀 각각 96.7과 93.0 mg/dL로 여자의 공복 혈당이 국민건강영양조사에 비해 매우 낮았다. 혈액의 과산화지질 농도는 남녀 각각 4.50과 4.32 nmole/mL였으며, 정상범위에 속하기는 하지만 정상범 위에서 다소 높은 수치인 것으로 나타났다. 고혈압 유병율은 남녀 각각 58.0%와 47.2%였고, 남자는 60대(61.9%), 여자는 70세 이상 (60.2%)에서 가장 높았다. 철결핍성 빈혈은 혈색소치에 따라 남녀 각각 19.3%와 20.6%, 헤마토크리트치에 따라 각각 7.2%와 11.9%였으며, 70세 이상의 빈혈 유병율 매우 높아(혈색소 기준 남녀 각각 27.4%와 33.3%) 이들에 대한 특별한 관심이 요구된다. 저알부민혈증이 남녀 각각 9.8%와 11.7%로 단백질-열량 섭취 불량이 반영된 것으로 나타났다. 당뇨 유병율이 남자 12.0%, 여자 10.2%였으며, 70세 이상 남자의 당뇨병 유병율이 17.9%로 매우 높았다. 중성지방 이상자 비율은 남녀 각각 7.3%와 6.2%로 전국 평균보다 낮았으며, 고콜레스테롤혈증(남자 19.5%, 여자 30.5%)과 HDL-콜레스테롤 이상자 비율(남자 39.5%, 여자 42.7%)은 전국 평균보다 높았다. 이상 안동시 읍면 지역 농촌의 50세 이상 주민을 대상으로 신체계측과 생화학적 영양상태를 측정하여 분석한 결과, 고혈압 및 고콜레스테롤혈증 유병율이 높았으며, 단백질-열량 불량 상태를 말해 주는 저알부민혈증이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 70세 이상 노인들에서 철 결핍성 빈혈이 많았고, 50대 여자에서는 비만, 특히 복부 비만이 매우 심각하였으며, 70세 이상 남자에서는 당뇨병 유병율이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이 지역 50세 이상 주민을 대상으로 혈압과 혈당을 규칙적으로 측정하도록 유도하며, 소금섭취 저감화와 균형 있는 영양섭취 및 다양한 운동프로그램을 통해 체중을 줄이고 혈압을 낮출 수있는 영양중재프로그램의 운영 필요성이 매우 높은 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in nutritional status of gastrectomy patients. The anthropometric and biochemical data were measured at pre-operation, at discharge, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge. Nutrient intake levels, nutrients adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and the proportion of patients with intake levels inferior to those of dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were analyzed at discharge, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge. Finally, the data on 23 patients (15 male and 8 female) were collected and used for statistical analysis. Fifteen patients underwent subtotal gastrectomy, and 8 patients underwent total gastrectomy. Compared to pre-operation, body weight and body mass index of subjects significantly decreased at discharge, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge (P<0.001). Serum albumin (P<0.001), total lympocyte count (P<0.001), total cholesterol (P<0.001), hemoglobin (P<0.001), hematocrit (P<0.001), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P<0.05) were significantly different between pre-operation, at discharge, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge. The proportions of patients with lower nutrient intake levels than DRIs were substantial. MAR at discharge, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge were 0.70, 0.80 and 0.91, respectively. Especially, the NARs of folate, niacin, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, and zinc were all low. Considering the various nutritional problems of gastrectomy patients, systematic medical nutrition therapy is needed after gastrectomy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the mineral status of postmenopausal vegetarian women with those of the omnivores, and to investigate the relationship between dietary pattern and minerals status in postmenopausal Korean women. The research group was composed of vegetarian women (n = 38), all of them were seven day adventists, who had been on vegetarian diet over 20 yrs. Their anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, and blood mineral concentrations were compared to age matched omnivores controls (n = 38). The average age of vegetarians and omnivores were 60.7 yrs and 60.5 yrs, respectively and there was no significant difference. The mean daily energy intake of vegetarians and omnivores were 1518.5 kcal and 1355.5 kcal, respectively and their was no significant difference. The mean calcium intake of vegetarians (492.6 mg) was not significantly different from that of omnivores (436.6 mg). The vegetarians consumed significantly greater quantities of magnesium (p < 0.001), iron (p < 0.001), copper (p < 0.001), manganese (p < 0.001) and dietary fiber (p < 0.05). There were no significantly differences in serum calcium, magnesium and manganese levels between vegetarians and omnivores. However, serum levels of phosphorus (p < 0.01), iron (p < 0.05), ferritin (p < 0.01), zinc (p < 0.001) and copper (p < 0.05) were significantly lower than those of omnivores. In conclusion, vegetarian postmenopausal women may have low bioavailability of iron, zinc and copper. Therefore it was needed that further study on mineral bioavailability of vegetarian diet. (Korean J Nutrition 38(2): 151～160, 2005)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.577-588
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• 2003

Severe protein-calorie malnutrition, common in patients with advanced liver disease, can seriously undermine the capacity for regeneration and functional restoration of liver. Nutritional supplementation for these patients can improve biochemical and hormonal abnormalities. However, these effects were not identified in patient with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis. To determine effects of nutritional supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis, 77 subjects aged 29 to 69 years participated in this study for 12 weeks and were subdivided into three groups; normal diet group (Control group, n ＝ 16), branched-chain amino acid supplementation group (BCAA group, n ＝ 31), nutritional supplementation group (NS group, n ＝ 30). Anthropometric parameters, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood cell counts, serum levels of lipids, vitamins, minerals and fatty acid composition, and plasma amino acids were examined. The mean values of age and height, and the initial values of weight and body mass index (BMI) were not different among all groups. After 12 weeks, there were no significant changes in these values in Control group. Only NS group showed significant increases in weight, lean body mass, midarm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness. Serum transferrins were increased both in BCAA and NS groups. Plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids, urea amino acids and glutamic acid were also significantly increased in these groups, but plasma levels of ammonia, serum LDL cholesterol and atherogenic index were decreased. However, there were no significant changes in serum levels of vitamin and mineral and composition of fatty acids in phospholipids in these groups. These results showed that the nutritional supplementation for patients with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis can more improve nutritional status in these people together with increases of weight, body fat and lean body mass, compared to only BCAA supplementation. To ascertain and investigate the appropriate nutritional supplementation for patients with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis, further studies are necessary.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.645-653
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• 2005

The prevalence of undernutrition in hospital populations is known to be high. The presence of malnutrition is associated with depression, infections, sarcopaenia, falls, fractures, reduced autonomy and increased mortality. This study specifically examined the prevalence of malnutrition in patients aged 65 or older at the time of admission as determined by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) which has been a frequently used nutritional risk screening tools in detecting undernutrition in old people. This study was done for one hundred eight hospitalized geriatric patients in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea. On admission baseline history, anthropometrics measurements, laboratory data and nutritional status by MNA were assessed. Length of hospital stay was obtained by reviewing medical charts. We used one-way analysis of variance to compare the differences in variables. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated for associations between MNA and variables. On admission, $22.3\%$ of patients were malnourished and $40.7\%$ were at risk of malnutrition according to the MNA. Percent of ideal body weight, anthropometrics data, albumin, and hemoglobin were lower in the malnourished patients (p<0.05). The malnourished patients stayed in the hospital 7.3 days longer, as compared with well nourished patients (p<0.05). Percent of ideal body weight, albumin, hemoglobin and total cholesterol were correlated inversely with nutritional status according to MNA (p<0.05). MNA can be used for nutritional assessment in Korean old people, because MNA significantly correlated with other nutritional assessment parameters, such as, anthropometric and laboratory data in hospitalized geriatric patients. The high prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly was observed and the presence of malnutrition on admission predicted a significant increase in the length of hospital stay in this study. Therefore further studies are needed to determine whether nutritional interventions in old people with low MNA scores can improve clinical outcomes during the hospital course.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary behavior, perception of body image and iron deficiency of high school adolescent girls. The subjects were 463 high school girls in Inchon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analysed by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-retails were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants height, weight, body fat (%), skinfold thirkness, subscapular skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and waist-hip circumference. Blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of rural students were highest among students. However, over 18% of the urban and rural students belonged to the low-weight group. Proportions of skipping meals were most high in urban vocational students and the main reason was lack of time for meal. Most nutrient intakes of the students were below the RDA, in particular calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$. Most of the students were concerned with body image and weight control. Also they were not satisfied with their body image. The mean fell hemoglobin and transferrin saturation of rural students were lowest among students. The total binding capacity of urban vocational student\ulcorner were Invest among students. Prevalence of iron deficiency was most high in urban general students when judged by Hb, MCV and serum ferritin. In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in the female high school students was considerably lower than RDA. They should also be notified that severe weight control is very harmful for health. And they had lower self -satisfaction for their body image and undesirable flood habits. Therefore, prefer nutrition education is required to maintain desirable flood habits and improve their iron status in female high school students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2011

Previous studies have shown that plant-based vegetarian diets, which typically contain a variety of antioxidants and dietary fiber, help reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. However, some studies have reported that vegetarian diets can lead to deficiencies in protein and trace minerals compared to non-vegetarian diets. This study was conducted to compare anthropometric measurements, blood parameters, dietary intake, and hair mineral status in long-term vegetarians (MV; moderate vegan, LV; lacto-ovo vegetarian) and non-vegetarians (NV). Thirty MV (12 males, 18 females; mean age, $50.58{\pm}5.05$ years), 15 LV (11 males, four females; mean age, $49.45{\pm}4.97$ years), and 30 NV (15 males, 15 females; mean age, $48.90{\pm}3.62$ years) participated. No significant differences were observed for age, height, weight, or body mass index, but body fat was significant lower in MV and LV males than that in NV males. White blood cell counts of MV, LV, and NV male subjects were significantly different. Dietary intake data showed that plant protein and plant iron intake were significantly higher in MV and LV than those in NV. Animal protein, animal fat, and animal iron intake were significantly higher in NV than those in MV and LV. A hair mineral analysis showed that calcium and iron were higher in the hair of MV and LV than those in NV. Zinc concentration in hair was not significantly different among the groups. The results suggest that vegetarian diets are adequate to sustain mineral status to at least the same degree as that of non-vegetarian diets.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 1995

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status and diabetes management of diabetic patients in the Health Center. General characteristics, food habits, food intakes and the knowledge about diet therapy were investigated from ninety one diabetes subjects. Anthropometric assessment such as weight, hight, triceps skinfold thickness, and biochemical measurement of fasting blood glucose(FBG), post prandial 2 hours blood glucose(PP2), and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) were obtained form the subjects. The results were summarized as following : 1. The average of age was 60.9 years old and 83.5% of subjects was illiterate and primary school graduated. 2. Relative Body Weight(RBW) and % body muscle were 96.18${\pm}$13.6 and 33.56${\pm}$7.01%, respectively. Obese subjects whose body weight exceeded 120% of the ideal values were 3.3%. 3. The 86.8% of subjects were managed by oral hyperglycemic agents. 4. The mean of FBG, PP2, HbA1c were 140.75${\pm}$44.43mg/㎗, 7.60${\pm}$1.88%, respectively. 5. The mean daily intake of calorie was 1407㎉, and 73.6% of subjects lower caloric intake than prescribed calorie. when the degree of dietary compliance was expressed as Tunbridge score, 18.7% of total subjects was grouped as satisfactory, where as 20.9% and 60.4% could be considered as tolerable and hopeless, respectively. The nutrients intake were lower than RDA except for Vitamin A and Vitamin C and the ratio of carbohydrate : protein : fat was 72 : 14 : 14. 6. The mean score of knowledge test about diet therapy was 3.52${\pm}$2.19 out of possible 14.00 points. The above results suggested that the most of diabetic patient showed the poor nutritional status and they faced the lack of knowledge about diabetes management.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2014

BACKGROUD/OBEJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that obese people with dyslipidemia is more likely to have increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status, in comparison with the controls who were obese without dyslipidemia. Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine the dietary intakes, plasma adipokines, and antioxidative systems between obese with dyslipidemia and obese without dyslipidemia were investigated. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Female subjects who were between 20 and 55 years old, and whose BMI was 23 or greater were recruited. Subjects who met the criteria of $BMI{\geq}23$, total cholestero ${\geq}200mg/dL$, LDL cholesterol ${\geq}130mg/dL$, and $TG{\geq}110mg/dL$ were categorized Obese with dyslipidemia. Anthropometric measurements and blood biochemical tests were conducted. The diet survey was conducted by a trained dietitian using two days of 24 hour dietary recall. The lipid peroxidation, the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activities of antioxidantive enzymes, and various antioxidantive vitamins levels were determined. RESULTS: Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were also determined. There were no significant differences for age, Body Mass index (BMI), and body fat (%), waist-size between two groups. Obese with dyslipidemia had significantly high levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-C, and the ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C, respectively. Blood alkaline phosphatase level was statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). No statistical significance in dietary intake between two groups was shown. In case of obese with dyslipidemia group, the levels of GSH-Px (P < 0.05) and catalase (P < 0.05) as well as adjusted blood retinol (P < 0.05) and tocopherol level (P < 0.05) were significantly low. However, the plasma concentration of leptin was significantly high (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity with dyslipidemia was shown to have high arthtrogenic index, depleted antioxidant status, and higher blood leptin levels which suggest higher risks of oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases.