• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2010

Elderly people comprise an increasing proportion of the population, and nutritional impairments may contribute to health problems among this group. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status by Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to identify relationships among anthropometric measurements, biochemical indicators, bone Mineral Density (BMD) and MNA results among older adults (${\geq}$65 yrs, n=98, 66.7${\pm}$2.5 yrs; M=52, F=46, BMI 24.5${\pm}$2.8 $kg/m^2$) at a Health Care Center. A dietitian administered MNA and collected anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference), biochemical indicators (albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, TLC, glucose, lipids) and the BMD (spine, femur, F=46). Subjects were grouped into a normal nutrition group (0~2 risk factors of malnutrition) and a high risk of malnutrition group (>=3 risk factors of malnutrition) based on their risk factor status for malnutrition. The risk factors for malnutrition include age ${\geq}$65 years, PIBW <90%, albumin <3.5 g/dl, TLC <1,500%, Hgb <14 g/dl (men), Hgb <10 g/dl (women), loss of appetite and weight loss 1~3 kg/last 3 months. In addition, subjects were grouped into a normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis group by BMD. We found that 12% of the subjects were at risk of malnutrition (MNA score, 21.4${\pm}$2.1) and that 88% were well nourished (27.3${\pm}$1.5) according to the MNA. Full-MNA scores were positively and significantly (p<0.05) associated with BMI, mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference (CC), albumin and hemoglobin, respectively. The full-MNA score of the high risk of malnutrition group (23.0${\pm}$3.8) was lower than that of the normal nutrition group (27.0${\pm}$2.1) (p<0.05). In addition, the Full-MNA score was negatively associated with the risk factor of malnutrition (r=－0.35, p=0.0004). We found that 39.1% of the subjects had osteoporosis, 45.7% had osteopenia and 15.2% were normal according to their BMD. The MNA score of osteoporosis group (24.58${\pm}$3.3) was lower than that of the normal (27.4${\pm}$1.1) and osteopenia group (26.9${\pm}$1.5) (p<0.05). These results suggested that MNA can be useful as a nutritional screening tool of older adults in Health Care Centers.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2021

Background: Obesity and dental caries have common risk factors such as food intake, eating habits, and lifestyle. Nevertheless, there has been no consensus on the significant association between obesity and dental caries, and additional studies are needed. We investigated the relationship between obesity and dental caries in some college students in this pilot study. Methods: Forty-two obese college students (body mass index [BMI]≥25) registered at a University Obesity Clinic and 19 normal students (18.5≤BMI<25) were recruited. Oral examinations were conducted, and anthropometric data and blood samples were collected. The blood concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were also measured. After controlling for dental plaque index, a univariate analysis of dental caries indicators related to obesity was performed; partial correlation analysis was also conducted. A nonparametric test was used for the analysis of gender-related trends due to the limited number of participants. Results: The obese group had significantly fewer missing teeth (p=0.014), missing surfaces (p=0.035), filled surfaces (p=0.038), and decayed-missing-filled surfaces (p=0.020) than the normal group. There was no difference between the males in the normal and obese groups. The females in the obese group had significantly fewer missing teeth (p=0.003), missing surfaces (p=0.003), and decayed-missing-filled surfaces (p=0.046). Partial correlation analysis showed a weak negative correlation (r=-0.256) between the blood LDL concentration and decayed-missing-filled teeth. The other obesity and dental caries indicators were not correlated. Conclusion:The blood cholesterol concentration had a negative relationship with dental caries, and there were fewer cases of dental caries in the obese group in this study. However, it is important to clarify the relationship between obesity and dental caries through a dietary survey or additional investigations considering other confounding factors.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate nutritional status and fatigue, and to identify the relationship between nutritional status and fatigue in gynecological cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Participants were 106 outpatients who had uterine, ovary, or breast cancer and a descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Nutritional indicators including biochemical and anthropometric measures, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scale, and the Piper's Revised Fatigue Scale were completed. Results: About thirty-nine percent of the patients were malnourished based on the SGA. Serum hemoglobin and total lymphocyte levels were less than the normal ranges, although anthropometrics were normal. The women experienced moderate fatigue with a mean score of $5.84{\pm}2.00$. Nutritional status was significantly different by age, education, employment status, and monthly income. The women also had different nutritional status and fatigue depending on the type of cancer and chemotherapy. Fatigue was significantly related to SGA scores, serum hemoglobin, triceps skinfold thickness and mid-arm muscle circumference. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight an urgent need to provide adequate nutritional support and fatigue management with individualized strategies for gynecological cancer patients on chemotherapy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2021

One of the sustainable development goals is to promote good health and well-being for all people. Child health is a top priority since their health issues can have a detrimental impact on human capital development, which is a critical input for the growth model. This paper applies the health production model to explore the determinants that influence the health of children under the age of five. The results of a survey of 203 households in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, were examined. Child health is measured using anthropometric indicators such as weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height (ZWFH). Three separate multinomial logistic models are regressed to examine the drivers of child health as proxied by z-score weight for age, z-score height for age, and z-score weight for height. The significance of input variables relating to a child's attributes, household, and environment was validated by the findings. The inclusion of overweight besides under-nourished indexes is novel because it reflects the current trend of child over-nutrition. The findings of the study highlight the importance of a wide range of initiatives to enhance child health. Moreover, the genetic effect is found to be crowded out by environmental and household factors. The finding verifies that despite their parents' moderate height, the future generation of Vietnamese can achieve the desired height.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1980

A dietary survey of 100 children, aged 5 to 6, of Y.C. Kindergarten located in Yowido apartment compound of Seoul, was conducted July 18 to August 21, 1979. The results are summarized as follows: General family environment: Ninety four percent of the subjects were from families having two to three children, without grandparents in the home. One hundred percent of fathers were educated at or above the college level, while 83.9% of mothers had completed college. Mothers' ages ranged from 30 to 40 years, with 58% in the $31{\sim}35$ age bracket. Nearly 60% of the fathers were office and government employees, 10% were professors and teachers, 30% were engaged in businesses and other work, while 91.3% of mothers were unemployed. Anthropometric measurements: Mean values of standing height, body weight, girth of head and girth of chest, ranged from the 75th to the 90th percentile of Korean standards. None of the subjects had anthropometric indicators below the 5th percentile, representing the malnutrition borderline, of the Korean standards; while 12%, 24%, 17% and 14% of subjects supposed the 97th percentile in standing height, body weight, girth of head, and girth of chest, respectively. Furthermore, 58% of subjects exceeded Jelliffe's standard in arm circumferences; 60%, in triceps skinfold thickness; and 14.5% of subjects exceeded 120% of the latter standard. From this data, a certain number of these children were judged to he rather overweight. Dietary intake: Mean intake per day of energy and of nutrients, excluding iron, reached or exceeded Korean recommended dietary allowances. The energy input ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 61.4 : 13.2 : 25.4, showing lower dependance on carbohydrates and higher dependance on fat for energy needs, compared with the average for Korean children of the same age group. Mean FAO-protein score of each subject's diet was shown to be as high as 90.6. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, and evening meal, on the average, in a ratio of 19.6 : 24.1 : 23.0. Approximately 33.3% of the daily caloric intake came from the snacks. Nutrition Knowledge of mothers: Nutrition knowledge of mothers was highly scored. Mothers' self-evaluations of their knowledge of nutrition was highly correlated with attitudes toward nutrition behavior.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.327-341
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• 1997

It is a well known fact that obesity is an important cause of cardiovascular disease, emphasized by many studies. Recently, cardiovascular diseaase has been found to correlate not only to the extent of obesity, but also the fat distribution of the individual; especially, focusing on obesity of the abdomen. Unfortunately, the proposed indices for abdominal obesity are numerous, and the results vary according to the index chosen. Three-hundred and twelve bus drivers in November, 1995, were chosen as subjects of this study. The author chose to measure serum lipid levels, fasting blood sugar levels and blood pressure, that are thought to be important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Obesity indices were calculated using anthropometric measurements. We were able to evaluate the significance of obesity indices by examining correlations between these indices and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The abdominal obesity indices and risk factors of cardiovascular disease, the levels of total cholesterol in the serum, fasting blood sugar levels, and diastolic blood pressure, increased significantly according to age. 2. There was a significant difference in the abdominal obesity indices according to drinking and smoking habits controlled for age. Among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, triglyceride and diastolic pressures had significant differences according to the presence or absence of a drinking history controlled for age. 3. Although all obesity indices showed significant correlations, the weakest correlation was between BMI and abdominal diameter index and the strongest correlation was between sagittal diameter and sagittal diameter matched for height. 4. There was a negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol and obesity indices. The weakest correlation was between fasting blood sugar levels and both SD and SDH showed correlations with the risk factors. 5. There was a significant correlation between SD and total cholesterol in the serum and fasting blood sugars controlled for age, drinking, and BMI. 6. After categorizing the subjects into 2 separate age groups at the 40 year mark, in the less than 40 you old age group, controlled for drinking and BMI, the results of comparitive studies have shown correlations between total cholesterol serum levels and waist-hip ratio, conicity-index, and SD. There were correlations between fasting blood sugar levels and SD, ADI, and SDH. There were no correlations between obesity indices and both total cholesterol serum levels and fasting blood sugar levels in the greater than 40 year old age group. There were significant correlations between abdominal obesity indices and total serum cholesterol or fasting blood sugar levels in the less than 40 year old age group, but no correlations in the age group over 40. These correlated factors between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease are assumed to exist in Korea as well. Furthermore, in this study a high correlation was found between SD, SDH and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Even when controlled for age, drinking, smoking, and BMI, the correlations between risk factors of cardiovascular disease and these indices exist. Therefore, the obesity indices, SD and SDH may prove to be important prognostic indicators or risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.477-488
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• 2007

Prevalence of an obese population has been increasing in Korea. Obesity is considered a major risk factor for chronic degenerative diseases. Specifically, prevalence of obesity is prominent for adult woman in Korea. In many weight control programs, weight change did not often show any beneficial effects for health. These facts discourage people in the program. Thus in this study, the anthropometry, blood pressure, serum biochemical indices and dietary habits were compared by percent body fat change for adult women to show the beneficial effects of the weight control program. Study subjects were 134. Measurements were done before and after the weight control program. Percent Body Fat (PBF) was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Using PBF changes, subjects were grouped as I (more than 1% increase), M (${\pm}1%$ change), and D (more than 1% decrease). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Among the 134 participants, 13 increased their weight and 100 decreased. For PBF, 19 increased and 59 decreased. Statistical significant differences were shown for anthropometric assessments before and after for all weight, fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. I had increases, and D shows decreases. But the difference of D is large than M. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose decreased in all groups but were statistically significant only in D. Also triglyceride decreased in D (p < 0.05). Thus health conditions showed desirable changes in I < M < D in order. Dietary habit changes were desirable with only D. Weight, BMI and other indicators for obesity is not the real indicator for PBF. Recently it is easy to measure PBF. Thus, for weight control programs and to show benefits of the program, PBF is a good indicator for adult women in Korea.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition and inflammation are reported as the most powerful predictors of mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Diet has a key role in modulating inflammation and dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool for assessment of inflammatory potential of diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of DII on dietary intake of HD patients and examine the associations between DII and malnutrition-inflammation markers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 105 subjects were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements, 3-day dietary recall, and pre-dialysis biochemical parameters were recorded for each subject. Subjective global assessment (SGA), which was previously validated for HD patients, and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) were used for the diagnosis of protein energy wasting. DII was calculated according to average of 3-day dietary recall data. RESULTS: DII showed significant correlation with reliable malnutrition and inflammation indicators including SGA (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), MIS (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) in HD patients. When the study population was divided into three subgroups according to their DII score, significant increasing trends across the tertiles of DII were observed for SGA score (P = 0.035), serum CRP (P = 0.001), dietary energy (P < 0.001), total fat (P < 0.001), saturated fatty acids (P < 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.006), and omega-6 fatty acids (P = 0.01) intakes. CONCLUSION: This study shows that DII is a good tool for assessing the overall inflammatory potential of diet in HD patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2011

Hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) tests are commonly used to screen for iron deficiency, but little research has been done to systematically evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these two tests. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZPP/H) ratio as a point-of-service screening test for iron deficiency among preschool-aged children by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of hemoglobin, ZPP/H ratio, and serum ferritin (SF). Also completed were assessments for the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with indicators of ferritin models. This study was carried out with 95 children ages 3 to 6 y. Anthropometric measurements were assessed and blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, SF, transferrin saturation (TS), and ZPP. Anemia was common and the prevalences of anemia, ID, and IDA were 14.7%, 12.6%, and 5.2%, respectively. The ZPP/H ratio was strongly and significantly correlated with hemoglobin. And ZPP/H ratio was a more sensitive test for ID than hemoglobin or SF measurement, correctly identifying more than twice as many iron-deficient children (sensitivity of 91.7%, compared to 41.7% for hemoglobin and SF). However, ZPP/H ratio had lower specificity (60.2%, compared to 89.1% for hemoglobin or 96.4% for SF) and resulted in the false identification of more subjects who actually were not iron deficient than did hemoglobin or SF. Low hemoglobin concentration is a late-stage indicator of ID, but ZPP/H ratio can detect ID at early stages and can be performed easily at a relatively low cost. Therefore, ZPP/H ratio can serve as a potential screening test for pre-anemic iron deficiency in community pediatric practices.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2020

신경통은 중증의 고통을 수반하는 질병으로써 인간의 삶의 질에 매우 강한 영향을 주는 질병이며, 국내에서도 노화에 따라 유병율이 증가하는 추세이다. 그동안 신경통에 대한 국내외연구들은 주로 신경통과 연관성이 있는 정신질환, 인구학정 정보, 영양성분 등 과의 연관성 분석이 대부분이고, 혈액정보와의 연관성 연구는 매우 드물다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 신경통과 혈액 파라미터들과의 연관성을 도출하고 신경통과 연관성이 있는 임상지표를 도출하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 질병관리본부의 국민건강영양조사 데이터를 기반으로 binary logistic regression을 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험결과 남녀 모두에서 나이가 신경통과 가장 연관성이 높은 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 여성에서는 복부둘레와 헤마토크리트 수치가 신경통과 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 남성에서는 공복시혈당과 헤모글로빈이 신경통과 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 복부둘레 및 혈액정보들과 신경통사이에서의 연관성이 남녀에서 차이가 있는 것을 밝혀내었다.