• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E4호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2002

The pH, electric conductivity. and the major ionic components were analyzed for the precipitation samples collected at 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Jeju city. The quality of analytical data was verified by the comparison of ion balances, conductivities and acid fractions, all of which correlation coefficients were over 0.952. The ionic strengths lower than 10$^{-4}$ M were found in 57 and 28% at 1100 Site and Jeju city respectively. The precipitation in Jeju city was influenced more by the oceanic effect than those in 1100 Site. The acidification of precipitation was caused mostly by S $O_4$$^{2-}$and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ in both areas, and the organic acids have contributed to the acidity with only 7~8%. The neutralization factors by N $H_3$ were about 44 and 47％ at the 1100 site and the Jeju city, respectively, whereas those by CaC $O_3$were 21 and 24%, and the free acidity were about 38 and 28％ at two sites. From the investigation of seawater and soil enrichment factors, the S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ and N $E_4$$^{+}$ were immigrated by other sources rather than from the seawater or soil origins. but not in the case of $Mg^{2+}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $a^{+}$, and $K^{+}$. Factor analysis has shown that the precipitation at the 1100 site had been influenced mostly by anthropogenic sources, followed by soil and sea-water sources. On the other hand, the precipitation at the Jeju city was mainly influenced by oceanic sources, followed by anthropogenic and soil sources.urces.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.685-695
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• 2004

Size-segregated measurements of aerosol composition are used to estimate the transport of natural and anthropogenic aerosols at Gosan site during May 2002. The results of measurement show that not only soil dust but also anthropogenic aerosols, including sulfur and enriched trace metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, are transported to Gosan. This study combines the size- and time-resolved aerosol composition measurements with factor analysis in order to identify some source materials. As a result, coarse particles (2.5${\mu}m$~12${\mu}m$) are influenced by soil, sea-salt, coal, coal combustion, and nonferrous sources. But fine particles have different sources. The fine particles, which the diameter is from 0.56${\mu}m$ to 2.5${\mu}m$, are more affected by road dust, oil combustion, industry. municipal incineration, and ferrous metal sources. The very fine particles, from 0.09${\mu}m$ to 0.56${\mu}m$, mainly supplied by biomass burning, oil combustion, nonferrous and ferrous metal sources.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.756-766
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• 2011

공동주택 주차장의 먼지오염실태를 연구하기 위하여 2010년 3월말에서 6월초까지 대구지역 공동주택 36곳의 지상주차장(36지점)과 지하주차장(36지점)을 대상으로 채취한 총 72개의 시료를 $100{\mu}m$ 이하로 체거름하고 산추출한 후 ICP로 14개 원소를 분석하였다. 농축계수를 이용한 미량원소성분의 발생원 평가결과는 지상주차장과 지하주차장 모두 Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V의 성분은 자연적인 발생원에 의한 영향을 받고 있는 반면에 Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn의 성분은 인위적인 발생원에 의한 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 Ca은 지상주차장의 경우에는 자연적인 발생원의 영향을 받았고, 지하주차장의 경우에는 인위적인 발생원의 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 미량원소성분의 농도분석 결과는 자연적인 발생원과 관련된 성분이 인위적인 발생원과 관련된 성분보다 매우 높은 농도를 보였다. 인위적인 발생원성분의 기여도는 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 높았으며, 미량원소성분의 평균농도 또한 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 높았다. 오염지수를 이용한 중금속성분의 오염도를 평가한 결과는 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 5.5배정도 높게 오염된 것으로 나타났다. 미량원소성분간의 상관성 분석결과는 지상주차장이 지하주차장에 비해 유의한 상관성을 나타내는 항목이 많았으며, 특히 자연적 발생원 성분간 유의한 상관성이 더욱 크게 나타났다. 또한 유해 중금속성분과 지하주차장의 영향인자간의 상관성을 분석한 결과는 주차대수(공간)가 적은 지점이 큰 지점보다, 환기장치를 가동하지 않은 지점이 가동한 지점보다, 그리고 최근 도색년도와 청소일이 오래된 지점이 상대적으로 유해 중금속을 많이 함유하고 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

일반주택의 먼지오염실태를 연구하기 위하여 2009년 1월부터 2월까지 대구지역내의 도시지역(24곳) 및 농촌지역(24곳)의 일반주택 48가구를 대상으로 진공청소기에 포집된 먼지를 수거한 뒤 100 ${\mu}m$ 이하로 체거름하고 산추출한 후에 발암물질로 알려진 Cd과 Ni을 포함한 모두 14개 원소(Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, V, Zn)를 ICP로 분석하였다. 농축계수를 이용한 발생원을 평가한 결과, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V 성분은 암석풍화, 토양의 재비산 등과 관련된 자연적인 발생원의 영향을 받았고, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn 성분은 연료의 연소, 폐기물소각 등과 관련된 인위적인 발생원의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 미량원소성분의 농도는 자연적인 발생원성분에서 유래되는 성분이 높았고, 인위적인 발생원에서 유래되는 성분이 낮았다. 인위적인 발생원의 기여도는 도시지역(2.5%)의 먼지가 농촌지역(2.0%)의 먼지에 비해 높았다. 오염지수를 이용한 중금속성분의 오염도를 평가한 결과, 도시지역이 농촌지역에 비해 1.8배정도 높게 오염된 것으로 추정되었다. 지역별 미량원소성분간의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 농촌지역과 도시지역이 공통적으로 자연적-자연적 발생원 성분간(Al-Mg, Al-Mn, Fe-Mn), 자연적-인위적 성분간(Al-V, Fe-Cr, V-Mn)이 유의하게 양호하였다. 그리고 농촌지역이 도시지역보다 유의한 상관성이 많았다. 또한 유해 중금속성분과 영향인자간의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 난방연료로 기름을 사용하는곳이 가스나 전기를 사용하는 곳보다, 어린이가 있는 곳이 없는 곳보다, 주택과 대도로 사이가 10 m 미만인 곳이 이상인 곳보다, 주택연수가 10년 이상인 곳이 미만인 곳보다 상대적으로 중금속을 많이 함유하고 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2003

The major ionic components of precipitation collected at the 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Jeju city have been determined. The reliability of the analytical data was verified by the comparison of ion balances, electric conductivities and acid fractions; all of their correlation coefficients were above 0.94. Ionic strengths lower than $10^{-4}$ M were found in 53% of the 1100 Site samples and 28% of the Jeju city samples. Compared with other inland areas, the wet deposition of $Na^+,\;Cl^-\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ was relatively larger, but that of $NH_4^+,\;nss-SO_4^{2-}$(non-sea salt sulfate) and $NO_3^-$ was lower. Especially the wet deposition increase of $Ca^{2+}$ in the spring season supports the possibility of the Asian Dust effect. The acidification of precipitation was caused mostly by $SO_4^{2-}\;and\;NO_3^-$ in the Jeju area, and the organic acids have contributed only about 7% to the acidity. The neutralization factors by NH₃were 0.47 and 0.48, and that of CaCO₃was 0.31 and 0.25 at the 1100 Site and Jeju city, respectively. Investigation into major influencing sources on precipitation components by factor analysis showed that the precipitation at the 1100 Site had been influenced mostly by an anthropogenic source, followed by soil and seawater sources. The precipitation at Jeju city was mainly influenced by oceanic sources, followed by anthropogenic and soil sources.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

In this study, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in agricultural soils across a region of South Korea (Buyeo County) were investigated. Their pollution sources were assessed using multivariate statistical analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to determine the distribution of these elements. Surface soil samples were collected from 114 locations across the agricultural fields in the study site. Cu and Zn were derived from natural sources (i.e., parent rocks of the soil), whereas As, Cd, and Pb were found to be originated from abandoned mines. The results of this study clearly show that the transport of anthropogenic As, Cd, and Pb is governed mostly by the specific environment of the paddy soil. Our approach was effective in clearly identifying the sources of metals and analyzing their contamination characteristics. We believe this study will provide useful information to future studies on soil pollution by anthropogenic sources.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2000

The mass fraction of PM10 had a bimodal distribution in the middle of between 2.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and the average mass fraction of particles less than 2.1~3.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was 54.1% for Pb and 890.8 ng/㎥ for Fe, respectively. For the concentration of PM10 and metallic elements by seasonal variation, PM10 showed bimodal distribution, while metallic elements showed different distributions by their sources. The ratios of fine particles to total mass were 0.45 for PM10, 0.41 for Cr, and 0.20 for Fe, 0.57 for Zn, 0.68 for Cd and 0.63 for Pb, respectively. That facts indicated that PM10, Zn, Cd, Cr and Pb were from anthropogenic sources, and Fe was from natural source. The geometric means and geometric standard deviations by seasonal variations were 3.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ , 2.31 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in winter, 3.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ , 2.49 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in spring, 2.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ , 2.03 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in summer respectively. And, total efficiency of cascade impactor by seasonal variations were 49.6% in winter, 45.9% in spring and 44.5% in summer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2002

Successive 24 snow samples, collected from a 1.2m snow pit at a site on the summit of Main Dome in King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, were measured for heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn and other chemical species. The mean concentrations of heavy metals are 3.48pg/g for Pb, 0.10pg/g for Cd, 16.6 pg/g for Cu and 15.8 pg/g for Zn, respectively. Pb and Cd concentrations observed in our samples are very comparable to those reported for recent snow at other Antarctic sites, while Zn and Cu levels are much higher than those at other sites. The annual fallout fluxes of all heavy metals approximately calculated are, however, much greater in King George Island than at other sites. With respect to the estimates of natural contributions, sea salt spray is found to be a major contributor to Cd and Zn inputs to the snow and minor to Cu inputs. On the other hand, the anthropogenic input can account for a large part of Pb concentrations. A tentative estimate represents that local emissions could be responsible for more than half of the excess Pb flux to the snow in King George Island.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.47-48
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• 2001

It is well known that atmospheric aerosols play an important role in the radiation balance of the earth and meteorological processes as well as in atmospheric chemistry. Aerosols may origin from both natural and/or anthropogenic sources. Thus, the chemical composition of aerosols can vary considerably. For example, the chemical composition of marine aerosol has been the subject of a considerable number of investigations, including the evaluation of long-range transport of anthropogenic constituents on the chemistry of the remote marine boundary layer. (omitted)