• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권5호통권113호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2005

We tried to synthesize the 2-methyl anthraquinone (2-MAQ) with reaction between phthalic anhydride and toluene instead of using 2-methyl phthalic anhydride and benzene. This process didn't generate significant of amount of 1-methyl anthraquinone (l-MAQ) as byproduct. The other advantage of this pathway is using less toxic toluene instead of benzene known as carcinogen. 2-MAQ synthesized this pathway was as effective as reagent grade from commercial available based on soda-anthraquinone(AQ) pulping results.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.291-294
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• 2006

Studies of the effectiveness of anthraquinone (AQ) in kraft-AQ pulping in terms of its mechanism of mass transfer have been conducted. Experiments performed have demonstrated an 'apparent solubility' of AQ in caustic solutions of wood lignin. The adsorption behavior of AQ species was also analyzed. Anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQ-S), a water-soluble derivative of AQ, showed selective adsorption on wood. A mechanism for the transport of AQ into wood chips during kraft pulping are proposed, and some explanations for previously unexplained observations are addressed.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

Moso Bamboo was investigated as the a raw material for pulp and paper industry. Soda-Anthraquinone (Soda-AQ) pulping, elemental chlorine free bleaching was applied. Yield of soda or soda-AQ pulp was 29.3-31.7% with Kappa number 33.0-22.8 with different cooking time or anthraquinone addition at 20% active alkali. In soda or soda-AQ pulping, 81-86% of xylan was removed, which was the main reason for lower pulp yield than hardwood species. Average fiber length of Moso Bamboo soda-AQ pulp was 1.36 mm with $15.5{\mu}m$ fiber width. Soda-AQ pulp from Moso Bamboo (P-3, lowest Kappa pulp) was bleached with 5.5-6.5% of chlorine dioxide charge as D0ED1 bleaching sequence. In 3-stages ECF bleaching, final brightness of 85.3% ISO was achieved with total chlorine dioxide 6.5%.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권5호통권113호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2005

This paper deals the effect of anthraquinone (AQ) on the contribution of sulphidity in kraft pulping of sapwood. The pulping conditions namely- active alkali concentration, pulpingtime, temperature and liquor ratio were varied in low ($15\%$) and high ($30\%$) sulphidity. $0.1\%$ AQ was added in the low and high sulphidity pulping with varying active alkali concentration and cooking time. At optimum conditions, low sulphidity kraft process produced about $44\%$ pulp yield with kappa number of about 23. But in high sulphidity kraft process kappa number was reduced to about 20 at the same yield. An addition of AQ reduced alkali requirement by $2\%$ on oven dried raw material and cooking time by 1 hour to produce pulp yield of about $44\%$ at kappa number 20. AQ is more effective in low sulphidity pulping than the high sulphidity pulping. The breaking length of kraft-AQ pulp was slightly higher than that of kraft pulp.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2016

Hexeneuronic acid in soda-anthraquinone(AQ) pulps from Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescebs), Timber bamboo(Phyllostachys bambusoides) and Henon bamboo(Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis) was investigated with mercuric chloride hydrolysis and UV spectroscopic quantification. Concentration of hexeneuronic acid in bamboo pulps was $36.6-45.4{\mu}mol/g$, which contributed to 3.1-3.9 value increase of kappa number. Lower concentration of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid in bamboo xylan contributed to lower hexeneruonic acid content in bamboo pulps than those of hardwood(yellow poplar or eucalyptus) but higher than softwood(red pine).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.562-565
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• 1996

The photoreactivity of twelve anthraquinone derivatives was examined to evaluate its usefulness as a photo-reagent for the analysis of ginsenosides using photoreduction fluorescence (PRF) detection method. Among the tested compounds, 2-tert-butylandthraquinone (TBAQ), 2-chloroanthraquinone (CAQ) and anthraquinone (AQ) showed good characteristics as photoreagents. The detection limits of ginsenoside $Rg_{1}$PRF-HPLC method using TBAQ, CAQ or AQ as a photo-reagent were found to be ca. 35 ng, 50 ng and 50 ng, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1999

소나무 수피를 알칼리성 아황산염-안트라퀴논(AQ) 증해하고, 고도로 탐리그닌 시킬 수 있는 조건을 검토하였다. 수피의 탈리그닌은 약알칼리성 아황산염 증해 조건에서보다 알칼성 아황산염 증해 조건에서 용이하였다. 그러나 알칼리성 아황산염 증해조건에서도 수피리그닌의 90%이상을 용출시키기는 어려웠다. AQ는 알칼리성 아황산염 증해 조건에서 수피의 증해 및 탈리그닌 속도를 현저하게 향상 시킬 뿐만 아니라 탈리그닌 선택성도 개선시켰다. 결과적으로 수피에 대하여 0.2% AQ의 첨가로 90%이상의 탈리그닌이 가능하였다. 수피 알칼리성 아황산염-AQ증해시 증해온도 및 NaOH의 투여량은 탈리그닌 선택성에 대해서 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 그러나 $Na_2SO_3$ 투여량은 수피의 탈리그닌 선택성에 큰 영향을 미쳐 $Na_2O$로서 30%의 $Na_2SO_3$ 투여조건에서 가장 양호한 탈리그닌을 나타내었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2010

Pulping properties of the imported mixed eucalyptus chips and the domestic yellow poplar chips were investigated for comparing two chips as the raw materials for the hardwood chemical pulp. Soda-AQ (anthraquinone) pulping was applied for this study. The pulp from yellow poplar showed higher pulp yield than pulp from mixed eucalyptus, which comes from the lower hot-water soluble extractives and the higher polysaccharides in yellow poplar chips than those of the mixed eucalyptus chips. The yellow poplar pulp had higher average fiber length and fiber width than those of the mixed eucalyptus pulp, which led to the better respond to beating and the higher tear strength than those of the pulp from the mixed eucalyptus chips.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2001

The spent liquor (BSL) obtained from alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone (AS-AQ) cooking of pine bark was applied as a deinking agent. In the ONP deinking system, although BSL removed the small size of ink particles (${\geq}$$12.5{\mu}m$), it did not improve the brightness of pulp. The brightness of pulp slightly improved when treated with BSL at 150~$180^{\circ}C$. However, the brightness of the pulp was lower than that of a commercial deinking agent (oleic acid). It seems that BSL treated with a high temperature still had a high dispersing ability on the ink particles. Intensive oxidations were introduced, and remarkable deinking effects were observed at 13kgf/$cm^2$ oxygen pressure, $160^{\circ}C$ and 2h. When BSL treated at 13kgf/$cm^2$ oxygen pressure, $170^{\circ}C$ and a time period of 30~90 min is added to the pulp, at 0.1% or lower, the deinking effect became higher than that of oleic acid. On the other hand, additional alkali treatments during the oxidation possibility as a deinking agent when oxidized. However, since the oxidized BSL still has a high dispersing ability and lower molecular weight, several modifications need to be done in the near future in order to be applied as a high quality deinking agent.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1032-1036
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• 1998

Intercalation compounds of organic anions into layered double hydroxides (LDH) are synthesized by the coprecipitation route. X-ray diffraction data reveal that the intercalated terephthalate (TP), naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate (NA26), and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQ26) are arranged with their molecular planes perpendicular to the hydroxide layer. HPLC data show that 26.2% of TP and 73.8% of AQ26 are cointercalated, whereas NA26 is not intercalated into the Zn/Al-LDH. These results indicate the possibility of a molecular recognition ability of Zn/Al-LDH. The molecular recognition ability of intercalation into Zn/Al-LDH is in the order AQ26 > TP >> NA26.