• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1413-1419
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• 1968

Yochon reservoir was consturcted with an original storage capacity of 202.7 chung-meters. This reservoir receives the water from watershed area of 933.0 chungbo and has irrigated area of 478.0 chungbo. In 1967 a detailed capacity survey of this reservoir was carried out by a new depth-recorder under the scheme of reservoir sedimentation of Agricultural Engineering Research Center. Significant findings are 1. The capacity of the reservoir for the water storage has been reduced by 8.9%(18.066 chung-meters out of the 202.7 chung-meters) since its construction, a period of just 39.0 years. 2. The sediment accumulation in the reservoir represents an average annual soil loss of 0.496mm depth(0.463 chung-meters) of soil from the watershed area of 933.0 chungbo. Eventually the capacity of the reservoir for the water storage will be reducing by about 25%(50.7 chung-meters out of the 202.7 chung-meters)in one hundred years since its construction. We have to set up controlling projects for those reservoir protections from the sediment, soil loss, and other failures. The depth recorder is very useful, convenient, and accurate machine for surveys of reservoir capacity and other river surveys.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02b
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• pp.13-24
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• 2009

This paper introduces various kinds of applications of the scenario-based seismic risk assessment in Taiwan. Seismic scenario simulation (SSS) is a GIS-based technique to assess distribution of ground shaking intensity, soil liquefaction probability, building damages and associated casualties, interruption of lifeline systems, economic losses, etc. given source parameters of an earthquake. The SSS may integrate with rapid earthquake information release system to obtain valuable information and to assist in decision-making processes to dispatch rescue and medical resources efficiently. The SSS may also integrate with probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to evaluate various kinds of risk estimates, such as average annual loss and probable maximum loss in one event, in a probabilistic sense and to help proposing feasible countermeasures.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.192-194
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• 2001

The Transmission network provides physical transport, network security, and connection services. The five principles of Transmission pricing are economic efficiency, cost recovery, efficient regulation, simplicity and transparency, non-discrimination. The Transmission Charges are made up of transmission connection charge and transmission charge of network. The Transmission Losses will be considered through Marginal Transmission Loss Factors in the market operation. The transmission loss rentals are used for the reduction of the annual revenue requirement of the transmission network for the purpose of derivation of transmission use of network charge.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted in Suwon and Iksan city from 2012 to 2014 to evaluate soil erosion and nutrient loss from irrigated paddy fields during cropping period. Rainfall amount and rainfall erosivity of $EI_{30}$ were, on average, 1,026 mm and $3,922mm\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}hr^{-1}$ for the cropping period, respectively, and the rainfall event with maximum $EI_{30}$ occurred in July. Annual average of runoff was $2,508MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in Suwon and $3,375MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in Iksan, accounting for 36% of rainfall of the cropping period. Nutrient loss by runoff, on average, was $7.0kg\;N\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, $1.3kg\;P\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, and $16.6kg\;K\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$; N, P, and K loss were 5.0, 0.6, and $8.3kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively, in Suwon and 8.9, 1.9, and $16.7kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in Iksan. Soil loss in Korean paddy rice was evaluated as $0.33MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ ranging from $0.05MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ to $0.88MT\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. Amount of soil loss, however, depended on areas and year influenced by variation of rainfall amount and intensity. Interestingly, soil erosion in Iksan in 2012 was remarkably greater than those in other periods due to heavy rainfall between late May and June with soil flake dispersion right after the rice-planting season.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1057-1063
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• 2016

The heat budget is investigated in the Gumi Reservoir of the Nakdong river. In warm climate season, solar radiation effects play a important role in the change of water temperature. The features of the surface heat balance are almost derived by the latent heat flux and the solar radiation flux. On the other hand, in cold climate season, change of heat stored in the water is mainly dominated by latent and sensible heat transfer between water and air, since flux of solar radiation and loss of outgoing long wave radiation balance approximately. For the annual averages, net flux of radiation, evaporation(latent heat) loss are dominant in the Gumi reservoir. The evaporation losses are dominant from spring to early winter. This means that the Gumi reservoir rolls like a lake of thermal medium or deep depth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.59-60
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• 2019

Thermal bridge on a building envelope causes additional heat loss which increases the heating energy consumption. As the higher building insulation performance is required, heat loss through thermal bridge becomes higher proportion among total building heating energy consumption. For the exterior insulation and finish system, thermal bridge between window frame and concrete wall should be constidered as one of main reasons of heat loss. In this study, the thermal bridge barrier between window frame and concrete wall(STAR) was proposed as the best practice for reducing thermal bridge. The STAR was confirmed that the use of thermal bridge barrier imporved the annual heat energy capacity by 35% or more and the innitial construction cost by 7.4% or less because of additional interior insulation against condensation. Finally the life cycle cost during 20 year by heating energy of a building reduced by 25% or more compared with the exist technology. This STAR thermal bridge barrier will be used as the main technology to improve the energy efficiency of building.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.291-295
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• 1982

The biosphere of the earth is not only about to overpass the limit to meet the food demand of the world but also the stability of its food production has been also jeopardized by the disasters and pests, especially by the unpredictable weather disasters. In addition the agricultural and industrial pollution against biosphere aggravates the unstability of agricultural production and constitutes a threat in securing the food of the world. In Korea the yield level of crops has been greatly enhanced by the improved agrotechnologies and varietal improvement, but the yield variability due to unfavorable weather events and pests remained unchanged with the change in time. Among weather-related disasters the drought and flood damages has occurred most frequently and impacted most greatly on the agricultural production and its stability. During last decade (1970-l980) the rice production experienced the average annual loss of 0.544 million metric ton which was composed of 0.21 million M/T by climatic disaster, 0.21 million M/T by disease and 0.12 million M/T by insects, and the annual loss of upland crop production from climatic disasters amounted to 0.06 million metric tons. Especially in 1980, the global climatic disasters due to cold or hot temperature endangered the agricultural production all over the world and also the rice production of Korea recorded the unprecedented yield reduction of about 30 percent due to cool summer weather. Nowadays, the unusual weather conditions are prevaling throughout the world, and agro-meteologists predict that the unpredictable cool summer and drought will often attack the rice and other crops in 1980's. To meet the coming weather unstability and to secure the stable crop production, multilateral efforts should be rendered. Therefore, the Korea Society of Crop Science, which commemorates the 20th anniversary of its founding, prepared the symposium on Meteological Stress in Crop Production and its Countermeasures to discuss the decrease in agricultural production due to weather-related disasters and to devise the multilateral counter-measures against the unfavorable weather events.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.317-328
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• 2012

The objects of this study are to perform appropriateness analysis of USLE(universal soil loss equation) model and to accumulate the data measured in field. The basin area of Bongdong station is $342.27km^2$. This study simulated sediment outflows in the basin and performed a comparative analysis of simulated outputs with actual measurement values. Also annual rainfall was used to calculate rainfall-runoff erosivity factor which can influence soil erosion. The calculation of annual average soil erosion was made by soil erosion maps. The maps with a resolution of ($30m{\times}30m$) were created by multiplication of factors(R, LS, K, C, P) from ArcView Map Calculator. In this paper, it was shown that soil erosion was not occur in the most of basin.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.815-829
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• 1997

This study was performed to assist the employer to establish the effective program for hearing conservation of noisy industry. The study subjects were health care managers of an industry and the study industries were devided into two groups(Group I, 37 industries; have the workers diagnosed as noise-induced hearing loss, Group II, 41 industries; not have the workers diagnosed as noise-induced hearing loss) and the question method carried out through the face to face interview. The contents of questionnaire for OSHA's hearing conservation program(HCP) consisted of seven components: 5 questions of monitoring of employee noise exposures(component 1), 6 questions of the institution of engineering, work practice, and administrative controls for excessive noise(component 2), 8 questions of the provision of each overexposed employee with an individually fitted hearing protector with an adequate noise reduction rating(component 3), 14 questions of employee training and education regarding noise hazards and protection measures(component 4), 9 questions of baseline and annual audiometry(component 5), 3 questions of procedures for preventing further occupational hearning loss by an employee whenever such an event has been identified(component 6), and 1 question of recording keeping(component 7), thus total numbers of questions was 46. The numbers of statistially significant difference(p<0.05) between two groups were 2(25.0%) among 8 questions of component 3, 10(71.4%) among 14 questions of component 4, 3(33.3%) among 8 questions of component 5, 2(6.7%) among 3 questions of component 6, and 17(37.0%) among total 46 questions of questionnaire. Above results showed that the level of HCP acceptance in group I was lower than in group II. Thus employer's understanding about HCP should be precede for the effective hearing conservation program of employee and the adequate hearing protector, training and education, baseline and annual audiometry, and procedures for preventing further occupational hearning loss for hearing conservation would be more emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.991-997
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• 2011

Soil erosion and sediment has been known as one of pollutants causing water quality degradation in water bodies. With global warming issues worldwide, various soil erosion studies have been performed. Although on-site monitoring of sediment loss would be an ideal method to evaluate soil erosion condition, modeling approaches have been utilized to estimate soil erosion and to evaluate various best management practices on soil erosion reduction. Although the USLE has been used in soil erosion estimation for the last 40 years, the USLE model has limitations in estimating event-based soil erosion reflecting rainfall intensity and rainfall duration for long-term period. Thus, the calibrated model, capable of simulating soil erosion using hourly rainfall data, was utilized in this study to evaluate the effects of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity on soil erosion. It was found that USLE soil erosion value is $3.06ton\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, while soil erosion values from 2006~2010 were $2.469ton\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, $0.882ton\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, $1.489ton\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, $2.158ton\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, $1.602ton\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, respectively. Especially, soil erosion from single storm event for 2008-2010 would be responsible for 30% or more of annual soil loss. As shown in this study, hourly soil erosion estimation system would provide more detailed output from the study area. In addition, the effects of rainfall intensity on soil erosion could be evaluated with this system.