• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.74-83
• /
• 2020

Organic waste used as a feedstock in the anaerobic digestion (AD), it includes carbon and nitrogen. Carbon and nitrogen have an effect on the various digestive characteristics during AD, however, the study is rare about those of the interaction. This study investigates the influence of carbon type and carbon to nitrogens (C/N ratios) on the AD characteristics of organic waste. Experimental treatments involved a combination of three carbon types with three C/N ratios. The AD tests were carried out using a 125-mL serum bottle at a constant temperature of 37℃ and moisture 95% for 18 days. Degradation pattern shows the difference among three-carbon treatments, the starch group was faster than other groups. Maximum methane production date was similar between starch (9.96 ± 0.05 day) and xylan group (10.0 ± 0.52 day), those of the cellulose group (14.6 ± 1.80 day) was slower than other groups (p < 0.05). The lag phase was only affected by the carbon type (p < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen was mainly affected by nitrogen concentration regardless of carbon type (p < 0.05). This study showed that xylan is useful as feedstock in order to decrease the lag phase, and it showed that ammonia was independently affected by the nitrogen concentration.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.111-124
• /
• 1996

Composting of animal residues with weeds and waste papers as bulking agents was tested. Coorperative form of work with farmers, students, cleaning women and members of citizens' movement was attempted. The responses of participants for composting, through it's laboriousness and dirtiness, were favorable with feeling of doing good for social services. The temperature of compost was raised up to 83 $^{\circ}C$. in spite of cold winter weather after turning. The pH, water content, total carbon, total nitrogen and C/N ratio showed the similarity to stability steps of other usual composts. The contents of heavy metals were low except Cu in comparison with standard levels. The uses of waste papers as a bulking agent for composting of animal residues, especially for organic farming, would need more diverse investigations.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2005

본 실험은 돈육의 도체성적과 육질을 비교함으로써 남은 음식물 발효사료 급여효과를 살펴보고자 실시하였다. 도체성적으로 생체중, 도체중, 도체율, 등지방두께, 도체등급, 부분육량 및 정육율을 측정하였으며, 육질평가로 pH, 보수력, 저장감량, 가열감량, 전단력, 육색 및 NPPC 육색 및 근내지방도를 측정하였다. 도체특성에 있어서 등지방두께를 제외하고 도체중, 지육율 및 최종등급은 대조구와 FFWF구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 부분육 생산량과 정육율에 있어서는 FFWF구가 대조구에 비하여 다소 높게 나타났다. 육질특성에 있어서는 pH는 FFWF구가 대조구에 비하여 다소 낮게 나타났으나, 보수력, 드립감량, 가열감량, 전단력 등은 대조구와 FFWF구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 육색에 있어서는 FFWF구가 대조구에 비하여 L*-값이 높고 a*-값이 다소 낮게 나타났으며, 주관적인 방법으로 측정된 NPPC 육색과 근내지방도는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다 따라서 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 남은 음식물 발효사료의 급여가 일반배합사료 급여와 비교하여 도체 및 육질 특성에 있어서 크게 떨어지지 않는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2009

The effects of the processing mixture of pig manure and various organic wastes on the growth, cast production of earthworm, and conversion of organic matter to earthworm tissues by vermicomposting. The substances used in this experiments were sawdust, rice hull, coffee waste, brewery waste, litters, turfgrass cutting residues, rice bran, vegetable wastes and rice straw and were mixed with pig manure at a ratios of 50:50 (v/v), and pig manure 100% (control), respectively. The highest values of growth parameters, cast production and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues were obtained at the mixtures of pig manure with coffee waste, it may due to the favourable diet conditions to process with pig manure by vermicomposting. But, all of the earthworm died in the pig manure 100% (control) and pig manure with vegetable wastes treatments by vermicomposting was impossible in this experiment. The vermicast contained a higher values of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity than their parent materials with increased availability of nutrients and improved physicochemical properties.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 1995

In order to investigate the purification effects of livestock waste water, Modified Activated-Sludge Process(MASP) containing marine silica and volcanic ash-rock as the contact media and Sawdust-Soil Filter Method were used. The results obtained are as follows: 1. MASP which treated two metric tons' livestock waste water a day decreased BOD by 97.5% from 4,400.0mg/I to 108.8mg/I and SS by 98.0% from 5,335.0mg/I to 111.0mg/I. 2. MASP decreased BOD by 93.9% from 2,549.1mg/I to 156.6mg/I and SS by 96.3% from 3,521.9mg/I to 132.0mg/I when ten metric ton's livestock waste water was treated a day. 3. BOD and SS were decreased by 83.4% from 45.1mg/I to 7.5mg/I and by 83.4% from 47.5mg/I to 7.9mg/I when the supernatant layer treated by MASP was purified by Sawdust-Soil Filter Method.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.83-102
• /
• 1995

Composting is an ecologically sound method of recycling organic waste. Its advantages include the maintenance of soil fertility and improvement of soil physicochemical property. It is an essential part of the waste minimization. That is, composting should be included to increase the recycling rate up to more than 20%. To encourage composting of waste, it is necessary to develop some effective composters of small scale facilities and densely populated areas. For medium and large-size facilities, the optimum process should be selected. Technical counselling and support is desirable for small scale composters for urban residential and rural area. On the other hand, adequate amendment of relevant legislation should be followed to encourage composting. An example of unreasonable legislation is the current fertilizer management act. According to the regulation, the maximum allowable limit of lead in the compost is less than 150ppm, which is too strict. This limit should be increased to at least 300ppm, which is the observed level in most states in USA. At the same time, sound infrastructure should be established and decent publicity work should be achieved to accelerate composting activity. In this paper the desirable standard for some heavy metal concentration in the compost were suggested.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary swine manure and food waste on feeding and drinking behaviours in broiler chicks. A total of 240 birds with 40g of initial weight were randomly assigned in the 8$\times$3 randomized complete block design and 10 birds per replicate. Extrusion recycled feeds(ERF) were prepared by extruding a mixture of 40% swine manure+40% food waste(FW)+20% corn. The birds assigned to one of the 8 dietary regimens; 0, 10, 30, 40% ERF of 20, 40, 60% FW in the place of a commercial boiler starter diet. Video recording were made after one week of adaptation period to the regimen. The tapes were played in a slow motion to examine feeding and drinking behaviour. Feeding and drinking times were greater in the day time at the night. Feeding times peaked at 4 hour intervals. Drinking time increased about 2 times on FW feeding compared to the other treatment groups. The results indicated that feeding and drinking behaviour could be influenced by the dietary regimens and that FW feeding increased drinking. The data also suggested that the FW could replace within 40% of broiler starter diet.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.102-112
• /
• 2003

본 실험은 산란계에서 남은 음식물사료에 생균제를 첨가할 경우 난의 생산율과 생산성에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 사양시험은 일반 사료만으로 구성된 대조구와 Food 30% + Protein 30% + Probiotics (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% 및 1.5%)로 구성된 첨가구로 총 5처리 4반복으로 반복당 6수로 120수를 6주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 산란률은 생균제 1.5%첨가구가 평균 산란율 97.91%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 (P<0.05) 대조구와 생균제 첨가구들 사이의 난중은 통계적인 유의차는 없었다 (P>0.05). 산란량은 생균제 0% 첨가구가 60.40으로 가장 높은 산란량을 보여주었다 (P<0.05). 생균제 첨가수준이 증가할수록 백색도 (L), 적색도 (a), 황색도 (b) 대조구에 비해 모두 증가하는 경향이 있었으며 특히 적색도(a)에서는 생균제 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% 및 1.5% 첨가구가 각각 5.35, 6.25, 5.23 및 4.75로 대조구 -0.17에 비해 커다란 차이가 있었다 (P<0.05). 하우 유니트(HU)는 생균제1.5% 첨가구의 수치가 63.41로 가장 높았으며 생균제 첨가수준이 증가할수록 하우 유니트(HU)는 증가하였다 (P<0.05).

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2005

Anaerobic decomposition is one of the most common processes in nature and has been extensively used in waste and wastewater treatment for several centuries. New applications and system modifications continue to be adapted making the process either more effective, less expensive, or suited to the particular waste in question and the operation to which it is to be applied. Animal manure is a highly biodegradable organic material and will naturally undergo anaerobic fermentation, resulting in release of noxious odors, such as in manure storage pits. Depending on the presence or absence of oxygen in the manure, biological treatment process may be either aerobic or anaerobic. Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria carry on fermentative metabolisms to break down the complex organic substances into simpler organic acids and then convert them to ultimately formed methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic biological systems for animal manure treatment include anaerobic lagoons and anaerobic digesters. Methane and carbon dioxide are the principal end products of controlled anaerobic digestion. These two gases are collectively called biogas. The biogas contains $60\~70\%$ methane and can be used directly as a fuel for heating or electrical power generation. Trace amounts of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide ($100\~300\;ppm$) are always present in the biogas stream. Anaerobic lagoons have found widespread application in the treatment of animal manure because of their low initial costs, ease of operation and convenience of loading by gravity flow from the animal buildings. The main disadvantage is the release of odors from the open surfaces of the lagoons, especially during the spring warm-up or if the lagoons are overloaded. However, if the lagoons are covered and gases are collected, the odor problems can be solved and the methane collected can be used as a fuel. Anaerobic digesters are air-tight, enclosed vessels and are used to digest manure in a well-controlled environment, thus resulting in higher digestion rates and smaller space requirements than anaerobic lagoons. Anaerobic digesters are usually heated and mixed to maximize treatment efficiency and biogas production. The objective of this work was to review a current anaerobic biological treatment of animal manure for effective new technologies in the future.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.296-306
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 농식품 부산물을 TMR 원료로 이용하여 사료비 절감 효과와 축산물 품질향상에 도움이 될 수 있도록 그 이용을 활성화하기 위한 농식품 부산물 발생현황조사 및 분석, TMR 이용 현황 및 문제점 조사, 사료이용 시 문제점 및 법률과 제도적 대안을 제시코자 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 폐기물관리법에서 관리되고 있는 유기성폐기물은 폐식용유 10,488톤, 동식물성잔재물 832,493톤, 동물사체 5,740톤, 동물성잔재물 1,171,892톤, 식물성잔재물 2,172,415톤, 왕겨와 미강 12,905톤 등 총 4,205,931톤이었으며 TMR 원료로 이용할 수 있는 식물성 잔재물과 왕겨 그리고 미강이 전체의 51.7%를 차지하였으며 발생지 별로는 전국 상위 10개 지자체에서 76~100% 발생되고 있어 이의 체계적 수급관리시스템이 필요하였다. 둘째, TMR 원료로 사용되는 10대 주요 농식품 부산물은 콩비지, 미강, 깻묵, 맥주박, 주정박, 맥강, 장유박, 감귤박, 버섯부산물 및 기타 식품부산물(빵, 국수, 과자 등)이었다. 셋째, 농가가 농식품 부산물을 이용하는데 가장 큰 애로사항은 농식품 부산물이 폐기물관리법에 의해 폐기물로 관리되고 있어 이를 사용하기 위해서는 재활용신고나 재활용시설설치 등 법률적 의무가 있어 사료이용 활성화를 위해 폐기물 지위 종료제와 같은 제도 개선과 전국적으로 10여 개의 공적 유통센터 설립이 필요한 것으로 사료되었다.