• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.989-1001
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• 2023

The study evaluated the effects of dietary fiber and energy levels administered during two growing periods (d 0-28 and d 29-56) for pigs exposed to a high temperature. A total of 96 growing pigs were used in six treatments as: Two treatments in thermoneutral temperature (21℃-24℃) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, two treatments in heat stress (30℃-34℃) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, and two treatments in heat stress with dietary energy of 3,450 and the inclusion of high or low fiber. Among standard energy level treatments, heat-stressed pigs showed lower average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, and crude fiber in phases 1 and 2. Moreover, higher concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in feces were shown in pigs fed high fiber diets. There was a negative interaction between dietary fiber and energy for the fecal concentration of isobutyrate in phase 1 and valerate in phase 2. Pigs in heat stress treatments showed a higher rectal temperature, respiratory rate, hair cortisol, plasma zonulin, and fecal lipocalin-2. Among heat stress treatments, the overall ADG was increased in pigs fed high fiber. Pigs fed high dietary fiber showed a greater concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA. High fiber treatments decreased plasma zonulin. In conclusion, the inclusion of beet pulp, soluble fiber, at the level of 4% looks necessary in pigs diet during heat stress.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.147-154
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• 2007

To characterize the colorization patterns of bovine hairs, the melanin contents were quantitatively assayed and compared among cattle breeds. The total melanin levels measured by spectrophotometric assay (A500) from Jeju Black cattle were significantly lower than those from Holstein or Angus with black coat color but significantly higher than those from Hanwoo with yellow coat color or Angus and Holstein with red coat color (P<0.001). The total melanin levels from Hanwoo were significantly lower than those from Red Angus and Red Holstein but significantly higher than those from Hanwoo×Charolais crossbred (P<0.001). The relative ratios of eumelanin to pheomelanin (A650/A500) were 0.382, 0.359, 0.112 and 0.124 in Angus, Jeju Balck cattle, Red Holstein and Hanwoo, respectively. These results show that the spectrophotometric method provides a convenient way to qualitatively characterize hair melanin and may be useful for studying expression of major coat color genes in Hanwoo and Jeju Black cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1558-1564
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• 2015

Cutaneous evaporative heat loss in Bos indicus and Bos taurus has been well documented. Nonetheless, how crossbreds with different fractional genetic proportions respond to such circumstances is of interest. A study to examine the physiological responses to cutaneous evaporative heat loss, also lactation period and milk yield, were conducted in Sahiwal (Bos indicus, n = 10, $444{\pm}64.8kg$, $9{\pm}2.9years$), Holstein Friesian (Bos taurus, HF100% (n = 10, $488{\pm}97.9kg$, $6{\pm}2.8years$)) and the following crossbreds: HF50% (n = 10, $355{\pm}40.7kg$, $2{\pm}0years$) and HF87.5% (n = 10, $489{\pm}76.8kg$, $7{\pm}1.8years$). They were allocated so as to determine the physiological responses of sweating rate (SR), respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and skin temperature (ST) with and without hair from 06:00 h am to 15:00 h pm. And milk yield during 180 days were collected at days from 30 to 180. The ambient temperature-humidity-index (THI) increased from less than 80 in the early morning to more than 90 in the late afternoon. The interaction of THI and breed were highly affected on SR, RR, RT, and ST (p<0.01). The SR was highest in Sahiwal ($595g/m^2/h$) compared to HF100% ($227g/m^2/h$), and their crossbreds both HF50% ($335g/m^2/h$) and HF87.5% ($299g/m^2/h$). On the other hand, RR was higher in HF87.5% (54 bpm) and both HF100% (48 bpm) and HF50% (42 bpm) than Sahiwal (25 bpm) (p<0.01). The RT showed no significant differences as a result of breed (p>0.05) but did change over time. The ST with and without hair were similar, and was higher in HF100% ($37.4^{\circ}C$; $38.0^{\circ}C$) and their crossbred HF50% ($35.5^{\circ}C$; $35.5^{\circ}C$) and HF87.5% ($37.1^{\circ}C$; $37.9^{\circ}C$) than Sahiwal ($34.8^{\circ}C$; $34.8^{\circ}C$) (p<0.01). Moreover, the early lactation were higher at HF100% (25 kg) and 87.5% (25 kg) than HF50% (23 kg) which were higher than Sahiwal (18 kg) while the peak period of lactation was higher at HF100% (35 kg) than crossbreds both HF87.5% and HF50% (32 kg) which was higher than Sahiwal (26 kg) (p<0.05). In conclusion, sweating and respiration were the main vehicle for dissipating excess body heat for Sahiwal, HF and crossbreds, respectively. The THI at 76 to 80 were the critical points where the physiological responses to elevated temperature displayed change.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2008

Until now, there are no scientific studies for Dongkyung-i(DKI) dog, which is recently called as Deng-Kyun. This study is aimed to investigate the characteristics of DKI. According to visiting studies, DKI is an active, live and muscular dog. The dog is willing to announce the approach of strangers friendly. As the results of morphological studies, DKI is medium sized and the average weight is 22.6 kg. Its coat has mainly yellowish brown color and short hair. Morphologically, the dog showed vestigial tail and muscular and sturdy pelvic limbs. As the results of radiological studies, DKI is characterized as the absence of coccygeal vertebrae or the coccygeal agenesis. We concluded that DKI may be a Korean native canine breed characterized as short or non-tail dog. Also, we suggested that this characteristic dog is valuable to develop as a Korean native breed.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2018

Laboratory inbred mice are used widely and commonly in biomedical research, but inbred mice do not have a big enough gene pool for the research. In this study, genetic and morphometric analyses were performed to obtain data on the characteristics of a newly developing inbred strain (KWM/Hym) captured from Chuncheon, Korea. All of five Korean wild male mice have the zinc-finger Y (ZfY) gene. Also, all of 19 Korean wild mice used in this analysis have the AKV-type murine leukemia virus gene, indicating that Korean wild mice might be Mus musculus musculus. To identify the genetic polymorphism in KWM/Hym, SNP analysis was performed. In a comparison with 28 SNP markers, there was a considerable difference between KWM/Hym and several inbred strains. The homogeneity between KWM/Hym and the inbred strains was as follows: C57BL/6J (39.3%), BALB/c AJic (42.9%), and DBA/2J (50%). KWM/Hym is most similar to the PWK/PhJ inbred strain (96.4%) derived from wild mice (Czech Republic). To identify the morphometric characteristics of KWM/Hym, the external morphology was measured. The tail ratio of male and female was $79.60{\pm}3.09$ and $73.55{\pm}6.14%$, respectively. KWM/Hym has short and agouticolored hairs and its belly is white with golden hair. Taking these results together, KWM/Hym, a newly developing inbred mouse originated from wild mouse, might be use as new genetic resources to overcome the limitations of the current laboratory mice.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.26.1-26.8
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• 2017

Background: The change in size and weight of the female reproductive organs during gestation and birth might be affect the perineal muscles and this condition in dairy cow not been reported. This study aimed to assess the ultrasonographic image of coccygeus muscle in 11 inseminated dairy cows with different gestational ages and postpartum. Methods: Gestational age was calculated based on the record of artificial insemination and confirmed by using transrectal brightness mode ultrasonography. Perineal hair between the sacrum and ischium bones was shaved along 3-5 cm before being ultrasound. The images of perineal area were obtained by transcutaneous ultrasound using a 5.0 MHz transducer. The thickness and intensity of the coccygeus muscle were measured and analyzed by gestational status and postpartum to show the differences. Results: The results showed that the thickness of coccygeus muscle increased with the increase in gestational age. Muscle intensity only increased at young gestational age. However, it decreased with the increase in gestational age (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ultrasound image of coccygeus muscle was affected by gestational status, thus this method may be used as one of the new methods of indirect gestational detection on dairy cows.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 1997

The ultrastrucures of Xenopus otic vesicle from normal embryo (st. 43) and induced otic vesicle from animal cap assay with Activin A were compared. Activin A was applied to the presumptive ectoderm at various concentrations for three days at $20^{\circ}C$. The results were almost identical to the reference studies, but it was found that the otic vesicle was induced at the concentration of 10 ng/ml in to)v rate. This otic vesicle may be secondarily induced by the neural tissue showed commonly at the concentration of 10 ng/ml. Otoliths were observed as three or four-axis crystaline bodies in the lumen of otic vesicle. In electron micrograph of the normal embryo, two kinds of microvilli were observed on the apical position of hair cells. One was small and common, the other was large-sized and sparsely distributed. In both cell of otic vesicle, mitochondria, golgi apparatus and multivesicular body were rich, so, they showed a lot of similarities in ultrastructure. However, the otolith was not found and microvilli were overexpressed in the otic vesicle induced by Activin A.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2010

The spontaneous mutant circling mouse (cir/cir) shows a circling behavior and hearing loss. We produced transgenic mice overexpressing transmembrane inner ear (tmie) gene, the causative gene, for the phenotypic rescue of the circling mouse. Through the continuous breeding with circling mice, the cir/cir homozygous mice carrying the transgene (cir/cir-tg) were produced. The rescued cir/cir-tg mice were able to swim in the water with proper orientation and did not show any circling behavior like wild type mice. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis exhibited that the transgenic tmie was expressed in the inner ear. Inner and outer hair cells were recovered in the cochlea and spiral ganglion neurons were also recovered in the rescued mice. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) test demonstrated that the cir/cir-tg mice are able to respond to sound. This study demonstrates that tmie transgene can recover the hearing impairment and abnormal behavior in the circling mouse.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.578-581
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• 2009

A 25-day-old, Korean indigenous calf was presented with a 10 days history of respiratory disorders and bloody diarrhea, and died. This calf was extremely unthrifty compared to others and had evidence of chronic diarrhea based on matting of feces in the hair of the tail and perineum. Ecchymotic hemorrhages were observed on multiple organs at necropsy. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection was identified by RT-PCR. The phylogenetic analysis showed that this case belonged to BVDV-2a subgroup and was related to highly pathogenic USA isolate 890 (U18059). This case provided evidence for circulation of BVDV-2 in Republic of Korea. The occurrence of BVDV-2 was also reconfirmed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2008

Adenomyosis is a nonneoplastic proliforation of uterine glands characterized by multicentric infiltration of endometrial tissues into the myometrium. A female domestic short hair cat with unknown age was referred to local animal hospital in Busan for ovariohysterectomy to prevent the unwanted offspring. At the time of surgery, the uterus was enlarged with multiple nodular protrusion on the serosa. On the cut surface of uterus, elevation of the endometrium and hypertrophied myometrium were observed. Microscopically, the uterus was characterized by severe proliforation of endometrial glands into the lumen and within the myometrium. The intra-myometrial endometrium is circumferentially surrounded by bundles of hypertrophic smooth muscle cells. These endometrial glands had tall columnar epithelium lacking nuclear atypia and mitoses. In our best knowledge, this is the first report of feline adenomyosis in Korea.