• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to obtain an objective index that can be quantified and used for establishing an animal welfare certification standard in Korea. For this purpose rumen pH, ruminating time, milk yield, milk quality, and blood components of cows reared in farms feeding high forage level (90%) and farms feeding low forage level (40%) were compared. Methods: Data on rumen pH, rumination time, milk yield, milk fat ratio, milk protein ratio, and blood metabolism were collected from 12 heads from a welfare farm (forage rate 88.5%) and 13 heads from a conventional farm (forage rate 34.5%) for three days in October 2019. Results: The rumination time was longer in cattle on the welfare farm than on the conventional farm (p<0.01), but ruminal pH fluctuation was greater in the cattle on conventional farm than the welfare farm (p<0.01). Conventional farms with a high ratio of concentrated feed were higher in average daily milk yield than welfare farms, but milk fat and milk production efficiency (milk fat and milk protein corrected milk/total digestible nutrients) was higher in cattle on welfare farms. Blood test results showed a normal range for both farm types, but concentrations of total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid were significantly higher in cows from conventional farms with a high milk yield (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that cows on the animal welfare farm with a high percentage of grass feed had higher milk production efficiency with healthier rumen pH and blood metabolism parameters compared to those on the conventional farm.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1827-1838
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• 2022

Objective: The semen quality of stallions including sperm motility is an important target of selection as it has a high level of individual variability. However, effects of the molecular architecture of the genome on the mechanisms of sperm formation and their preservation after thawing have been poorly investigated. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the sperm motility of cryopreserved semen in stallions of various breeds. Methods: Semen samples were collected from the stallions of 23 horse breeds. The following semen characteristics were examined: progressive motility (PM), progressive motility after freezing (FPM), and the difference between PM and FPM. The respective DNA samples from these stallions were genotyped using Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. Results: We performed a GWAS search for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and potential genes related to motility properties of frozen-thawed semen in the stallions of various breeds. As a result of the GWAS analysis, two SNP markers, rs1141327473 and rs1149048772, were identified that were associated with preservation of the frozen-thawed stallion sperm motility, the relevant putative candidate genes being NME/NM23 family member 8 (NME8), olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AP member 1 (OR2AP1), and olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily C member 4 (OR6C4). Potential implications of effects of these genes on sperm motility are herein discussed. Conclusion: The GWAS results enabled us to localize novel SNPs and candidate genes for sperm motility in stallions. Implications of the study for horse breeding and genetics are a better understanding of genomic regions and candidate genes underlying stallion sperm quality, and improvement in horse reproduction and breeding techniques. The identified markers and genes for sperm cryotolerance and the respective genomic regions are promising candidates for further studying the biological processes in the formation and function of the stallion reproductive system.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권36호
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• pp.19-44
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• 2014

존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>은 영국 문학가 조지 오웰의 <동물농장>을 바탕으로 제작한 애니메이션으로 1954년 영국에서 상영되었다. 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>은 1917년 10월에 발발한 볼셰비키혁명부터 시작하여 NEP라는 신경제정책, 스탈린의 권력 독점, 모스크바 재판 등과 같이 실제 역사에서 일어난 사건들을 우화로서 보여주었다. 우화로서 보여주기 때문에 <동물농장>에서 등장하는 등장인물들은 실제 볼셰비키혁명에서 활동했던 인물들을 작품 내에서 알레고리적으로 배치하였다. 그러나 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>과 조지 오웰의 <동물농장>은 작품 중반부터 서사가 서로 다르게 전개되는데, 조지 오웰의 <동물농장>에서 스노볼은 나폴레옹에 의해 쫓겨나는 것으로 나오지만, 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>에서는 스노볼은 나폴레옹에 의해 살해당한다. <동물농장>의 등장인물 중에 나폴레옹은 스탈린을 모델로 하였고, 스노볼은 트로츠키를 모델로 삼았다. 조지 오웰의 <동물농장>과 존 할라스와 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>은 볼셰비키 혁명 이후 권력을 잡은 스탈린이 공포정치를 시행했던 점에 대해 풍자적으로 보여 주는 것은 동일하나, 스탈린에 의해 숙청된 트로츠키에 대한 점은 서로 달랐던 것이다. 따라서 본 본문은 존 할라스, 조이 베첼러의 <동물농장>에서 보여주는 볼셰비키혁명에 대한 알레고리적인 요소와 더불어 <동물농장>에서 등장하는 스노볼에 대해 연구함으로서 러시아혁명과 트로츠키의 가치를 재조명하고자 하였다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.237-256
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• 2007

Organic farming is promoted financially in the Republic of Korea since 2000. The, entire segment shows a very dynamic development since that time. Now, a large bouquet of measures are offered which target the promotion of organic farming. This article presents a study about the Task and Valuation on farm animal welfare for Organic Livestock. Among the supports are grants for organically managed livestock farm, investment incentives, the promotion of organic livestock husbandry, the promotion of producer co-operatives, the development of farm animal right index for animal health and animal welfare, publicity measures and measures to raise consumer awareness as well as the support of training, extension and research in the field organic livestock farming. Government must ensure that necessary incentives and sanctions are in place to maintain and improve animal welfare standards and they must be delivered appropriately. Animal welfare legislation provides essential protection for economy, environment, animals and society as a whole, must be properly observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.387-392
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• 1995

Though a variety of non-conventional feedstuffs have been successfully evaluated in research stations in Asian countries, there had been little adoption of these technologies at the small farm level. The methodology and results of three separate on-farm trials evaluation the possible use of some non-conventional feedstuffs in broiler diets under small farm conditions in Sri Lanka are reported in this paper. In all trials, the commercial mash, that in normally used in the farms, served as the control. In trials 1 and 2, 5 and 10% cassava leaf meal, respectively, was substituted (w/w) for the commercial mash and fed to broilers for six weeks. In trial 3, several non-conventional feedstuffs (cassava leaf meal, rubber seed meal, ipil ipil leaf meal and died poultry manure) were substituted (w/w) for the commercial mash at levels of 15-20%. The results demonstrated that these non-conventional feed resources can be used in broiler diets under small farm conditions, with no adverse effects on performance. The salient features of on-farm animal research are highlighted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.621-628
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• 1997

This study aimed to quantify the impact of crossbreeding at farm level, in mixed farm systems in Gujarat. Households with crossbred cattle did not differ from households without crossbreds in terms of farm resources, crop gross margins and off-farm income. The use of crossbred animals did increase livestock gross margins by 64% and household income by 22%. The three agro-ecological zones included in this study differed considerably according to farm system and household income. However, in all three zones, households with crossbreds had higher livestock gross margins than households without crossbreds. There was no real difference in work load and labour division between households with and without crossbreds. There was also no difference in the use of bullocks for draught purposes between the two types of households. In particular buffaloes are being replaced by crossbred cattle. There was a large variation in farm income, largely because of land area. The milk offake per average cow and the number of buffaloes also related positively to farm income in both types of households. Crossbreeding has proved technically and financially viable in different Gujarat mixed farming systems. It can be concluded that crossbreeding is an important development option for landless farmers.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.627-641
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• 2020

Intensive farming methods that do not guarantee animal welfare can induce stress in pigs. Stress, in turn, can reduce their disease resistance and influence their hormones and metabolites in such a manner that productivity is negatively affected. This study was conducted to compare the stress related factors and blood characteristics of pigs raised on conventional farms and those raised on animal welfare farms. We measured the levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, biochemical parameters in blood and glycogen, L-lactate and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in muscle, as physiological markers of indicating the stress in conventional farm pigs (Control, n=10) and animal welfare farm pigs (Welfare, n=10). We found that there was a significant difference in the albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio), as well as the albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels between the two farms. Epinephrine was significantly higher in conventional farm, while level of norepinephrine was higher in animal welfare farm. There was no significant difference in cortisol, which is known as a stress hormone, across the two groups of farms. Muscular glycogen content was significantly high in animal welfare farm pigs. While L-lactate tended to be low in the animal welfare farm pigs, the difference between them and the conventional farm cohorts was not significant. HSP70 showed high levels of expression in conventional farm. Thus, we suggested that blood parameter results showed a stress response in the livers of conventional farm, and that catecholamine hormones, glycogen, L-lactate and HSP70 can be used as physiological factors of assessing animal welfare.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the dispersion prediction of odor from Hanwoo and dairy farms. Gaussian Plume model used in considering of farm size, wind velocity, atmospheric stability and threshold odor unit to prediction of odor dispersion based on the survey on current state of odor emission and control from 9 site of Hanwoo and 9 site of dairy farms. Farm size, wind velocity and atmospheric stability were affected the distance of odor dispersion, showed longer distance in cases of large farm, low wind velocity and stable atmospheric condition. We will suggestion the adjusted distance of odor dispersion according to farm size was estimated to 50~100 m in Hanwoo farm and 50~150 m in dairy farm when apply the 3OU, 5 m/s wind velocity and stable atmospheric condition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.382-383
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• 1989

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the dispersion prediction of odor from swine farms in Korea. Gaussian Plume model used in considering of farm size, wind velocity, atmospheric stability and threshold odor unit to prediction of odor dispersion based on the survey on current state of odor emission and control from 48 site of swine farms. Farm size, wind velocity and atmospheric stability were affected the distance of odor dispersion, showed longer distance in cases of large farm, low wind velocity and stable atmospheric condition. We will suggestion the adjusted distance of odor dispersion according to farm size was estimated to 180 m in small farm and 320 m in large farm when apply the 3 OU, 5 m/s wind velocity and stable atmospheric condition.