• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.897-903
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• 2005

Excessive sweating, especially hyperhidrosis of palms, solies and axillae, is a distressing problem in the making of a person's social life. Most important in cases of localized hyperhidrosis is the emotional factor. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is an effective method, but this may result in a postoperatively compensatory hyperhidrosis of facial anhidrosis in the treatment of localized hyperhidrosis. One case of excessive sweating of palms, solies and axillare was observed and treated with the emotional factor taken as primary. This patient was treated with Bokryungbosimtang-gamibang and improvement was seen.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 1990

The results of the investigation of literature were summerized as follows ; 1. The factors of cough caused by cold-evil were revealed as the following order cold weather and drinking cold water, the disease caused by exoganous cold-evil and wind-evil, Lung affected by cold-evil, both spleen and lung avoided by cold-evil 2. The symptom of cough caused by cold-evil were appeared as follows. Tense pulse, Tense chest-voice hoarsness, intolerance to cold, fever anhidrosis fidgetiness nonthirst cough caused by cold-evil 3. The treatment of cough caused by cold-evil were showeding as follws Cleaning away cold-evil eliminating the pholegm, dispelling exogenous evils, making warm-heat 4. The prescription of 'Han So' were used frequently as the orders followed

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.724-729
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• 2002

Although variable surgical methods of sympathetic nerve for palmar hyperhidrosis are curative and safe therapeutic options, they have some limitations such as compensatory sweating and anhidrosis of hand in long term satisfaction rate. Material and Method: Therefore, we tried to decrease severity of compensatory sweating and prevent excessive dryness of hand through selective division of rami communicantes of thoracic sympathetic ganglia distributed to the hands(ramicotomy). Result: In postoperative results, about half of the patients maintained humidity of hands and most of them showed no more than mild degree of compensatory sweating. Conclusion: Therefore, ramicotomy of thoracic sympathetic ganglia can be recommended as selective and physiologic surgical method for palmar hyperhidrosis.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2007

This study was investigated to make sure the range of the Colla Corii Asini treatment. the nature of disease and the pathology of it in D ongeuyboga. The following conclusion were reached through invetigations on the prescriptions that use the Colla Corii Asini as a ingredient. 1. The Colla Corii Asini was used a internal disease more than a surgical disease in the dongeuybogam. 2. The Colla Corii Asini was used lung and large intestine disease in abundance and especially anhidrosis. cough and dysentery. 3. The Colla Corii Asini was applied much more disease about blood in the dongeuybogam, but some was used almost bleeding disease. one was used blood deficiency. 4. The processed Colla Corii Asini was used more than the Colla Corii Asini in the dongeuybogam, because of convenience of preparation and ease of intestinla drug absorption. 5. The Colla Corii Asini was used more useful dysentery than tranquilizeing mind in cooperation with Rhizoma Coptidis in the dongeuybogam. 6. Instead of the Colla Corii Asini, we can apply the Colla Comus Cervi or they are mutual reinforcement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 1976

A 33 year-old man was admitted with chief complaints of severe sharp pain on left upper interscapular region and motor weakness of left arm for 9 days. He had a history of blunt trauma over left shoulder about 3 years ago. Physical examination showed a ping pong ball sized mass which was located at the left supraclavicular area and was firm, fixed, and nonpulsatile. No bruit or murmur was obtained over the mass. Ipsilaterally, radial, ulnar, and brachial pulse were very weak and ptosis and anhidrosis were noticed. Neurologic examination revealed moderate or severe weakness of flexion and extension of left elbow, wrist and fingers, and anesthesia of the skin in left C8-T1 dermatome and hypalgesia in left C6-C7 dermatome. Retrograde aortography demonstrated complete obstruction of left subclavian artery. An exploratory operation was performed through the left 4th intercostal space. It was found that the mass was a left subclavian aneurysm of traumatic false type. Proximal and distal ligation of the aneurysm were applied and the sac was partially removed. The continuity of the subclavain artery was established by the use of a 6mm. Dacron graft from the root of the subclavian to the axillary artery. Postoperatively the patient was improved from the circulatory and neurologic disturbances.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2001

Background: Conventional thoracoscopic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy is an effective method in treating localized hyperhidrosis; however, this may result in a postoperatively compensatory hyperhidrosis or facial anhidrosis in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. We modified the conventional sympathicotomy by limiting the extent of nerve transection (limited T3 sympathicotomy) since May 1998. However, there are many reports of a good short-term outcome of limited T3 sympathicotomy. Therefore, we reviewed long-term follow-up of limited T3 sympathicotomy based on outcomes analysis using a questionnaire. Methods: Fifty four patients with palmar hyperhidrosis underwent a limited T3 sympathicotomy between May 1998 and March 1999 and had a complete follow-up over two years using a questionnaire (the mean follow-up was 2.6 years). The patients' postoperative satisfaction was determined by their subjective responses to the questionnaires; the degree of compensatory hyperhidrosis, the effects on foot hyperhidrosis, gustatory hyperhidrosis and facial dryness, and recurrence, and patient's satisfaction. Results: Of the total, 87% of patients had a compensatory hyperhidrosis and 3.7% of them were disabled. 31.5% of patients showed improvement in foot hyperhidrosis, while 68.5% of patients demonstrated no change or got worse. 31.5% of patients had gustatory hyperhidrosis and facial dryness and 22.2% of patients showed a mild palmar hyperhidrosis. The postoperative patients' satisfaction was significantly in 96.3% of patients. Conclusions: The limited T3 sympathicotomy is a highly effective treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis and has a low rate of postoperative compensatory hyperhidrosis, gustatory hyperhidrosis, and facial dryness.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.74-80
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• 2001

Objectives : Ma-huang is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, derived from Ephedra sinica Stapf and other Ephedra species, used to treat asthma, nose and lung congestion, and fever with anhidrosis. It contains 0.5-2.5% by weight of total alkaloids, of which ephedrine accounts for 30 to 90%. Recently, Ma-huang has been used as a source of ephedrine in many dietary supplements formulated for the treatment of obesity, since ephedrine has been found to be effective in inducing weight loss in the obese. In this study the effects of the methanol extract of Ma-huang on the adipocyte of epididymal and brown fat pads in rats fed a high fat diet for six weeks were studied. Methods : Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing an average 94g (4 weeks old) were fed either a regular diet (RE) or a high fat diet (HF), and the HF group was subdivided into a Ma-huang methanol extract (30mg/100g body weight) group (HF+MH). The weight of epididymal fat pad and brown adipose tissue were measured. The cell size and cell number per unit area of epididymal fat pad were investigated. Results : The yield weight of methanol extract of Ma-huang was 3.63mg per l00g of Ma-huang. The body weight gain of the HF group was similar with that of the HF+ MH but higher than that of the RE. The weights of the epididymal fat pads and brown adipose tissue of the RE group were lower than those of HF and HF+MH groups. The cell sizes and numbers per unit area of epididymal fat pads of the RE and HF+MH groups were larger than those of HF group. The cell numbers per unit area size of epididymal fat pads were the smallest in the RE group. Conclusions : It could be concluded that the Ma-huang extract has no effect on the epididymal fat pads in rats fed a high fat diet and the clinical application of Ma-huang for the treatment of obesity should be re-considered.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Objectives: Ephedrae herba, also known as Ma-huang, is a traditional Korean medicinal herb. It has been used to treat asthma, nose and lung congestion, and fever with anhidrosis for centuries. Recently, Ma-huang was used as a source of ephedrine in many dietary supplements for weight reduction in the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the subacute toxicity of ephedrae herba extract in rats. Methods: SPF Sprague-Dawley male rats were administered orally with ephedrae herba extract for 4 weeks as several doses(0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg). We examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for experimental period. Results: No dead animals were found during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry, and other findings. Conclusions: In conclusion, above data suggest that no observed adverse effect level of ephedrae herba extract in SD rats might be over 2,000 mg/kg/day in this study.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.3
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• pp.151-217
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• 1989

In this thesis, I intend to study the translational and clinical interpretation through the theory of Ja-Yeol, and reached the following conclusions. 1. Liver-Heat-Disease due to absess of the function of expelling and lifting off, that Liver-Yang cannot lift up to upper-warmer, and stagnate liver. I think the symptoms of yellowish urine, abdominal pain, somnolence, fever belong to the syndrome of 'Gi-Bun(氣分)', and the symptoms of ravings with surprising, distending pain of hypochondrium, restless involuntary movement of the limbs, unable to lie flat belong to the syndrome of 'Hyeol-Bun(血分)'. 2. Heart-Heat-Disease due that 'Eum-Gi(陰氣)' in heart cannot lay down and reach to stagnate at heart, inner part. I think the symptoms of unjoy, acute cardiac pain, fidgetiness, well-nausea, headeche, reddish face, anhidrosis, etc. reveal with Heart-Heat-Disease. 3. Spleen-Beat-Disease due that 'Eum-Gi' in spleen cannot lay down and Yin of spleen changs heat. I think the symptoms of heaviness of head, cheek pain, fidgetiness, cyanosis, well-nausea, fever, not to let flex and reflex with back pain, diarrhea with abdominal pain, left and right cheek pain reveal with Spleen-Heat-Disease. I think symptoms of fever, diarrhea with abdominal pain belong to the syndrome of Yin-exhausion. 4. Lung-Heat-Disease due to that 'Eum-Gi' in lung cannot lay down. When 'Wi-Gi(衛氣)' stagnates at external part, I think, the symptoms of intolerance to wind and cold, yellowish fur, fever reveal. When Wi-Gi stagnates at lung, inner part, I think, the symptoms of dispnea with cough, pain on chest and back, unable to breath deeply, hydrosis and chilling reveal. 5. Kidney-Heat-Disease, in that the symptoms of back pain, leg aching, extreme thirst and frequently drink, fever, pain and stiffness of nape, cooling and aching leg, heat on plantar pedis, not trying to speak reveal is regarded external heat disease of 'Tai-Yang-Gyeong's(太陽經)' disease that asthenic fever open 'Tai-Yang-Gyeong' and lift by not enough of 'Yang-Gi(陽氣)' lifeing up from Kidney space, the water space of five elements.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.739-744
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• 1999

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of T3 sympathicotomy in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Material and Method: During the period of June to December 1998, 50 patients (24 females and 26 males) suffering from palmar hyperhidrosis either in isolation (n=37) or in combination with axillary hyperhidrosis (n=13) were operated. The mean age of the patients was 20 years. The bilateral sympathetic trunks were severed on the 3rd rib (2nd and 3rd ganglia) for the isolated palmar hyperhidrosis and on the 3rd and 4th ribs for the combined type using electrocoagulation scissors. A linear analogue scale was used to assess the degree of sweating on the palms, face, trunk, and feet (ranged 0 to 10:0 = anhidrosis: 10 = excessive sweating) as well as the patient's satisfaction with the surgery (ranged 0 to 10:0 = regret; 10 = completely satisfied). Result: All of the patients were relieved from palmar hyperhidrosis. A mean palmar sweat production score after T3 sympathicotomy was $1.5\pm$0.8. Some degree of compensatory sweating had occurred in 39 patients (78%) with a mean score of 3.4$\pm$1.6. Gustatory sweating occurred in 2 patients (4%). The mean score of the patient's satisfaction after the surgery was 8.5$\pm$1.2. Conclusion: Palmar hyperhidrosis can be successfully relieved by the T3 sympathicotomy. When considering the advantages of T3 sympathicotomy with respects to a better preservation of facial sympathetic function, less occurrence of severe compensatory sweating, and lower incidence of gustatory sweating. We recommend T3 sympathicotomy as a treatment of choice for palmar hyperhidrosis.