• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1996

PC판넬 조립식 구조는 다양한 접합부 상세로 인하여 구조적인 거동 규명이 매우 어려우므로 패널 상호 접합부 거동에 대하여 역학적 거동을 규명하고 이를 정립하여 실용적인 설계 방안이 제시되어야 할 필요가 있다. 이 연구는 대형판 조립식 구조의 수직접합부 전단키의 적절한 형상을 제안하여 전단내력을 결정하는 식 중 일반적으로 가장 작게 계산되는 전단키의 지압내력에 관한 식을 개선하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 전단키 지압내력에 영향을 주는 그라우트의 압축 가도, 전단키의 각도 및 지압면적 등을 변수로 총 21개의 시험체를 제작하여 실험하였다. 실험결과를 분석.검토한 결과를 정리하면 그라우트의 압축 강도가 증가할 때에 지압내력은 강도 증가에 비례하여 증가하는 반면 지압면적에 대하여는 면적 증가에 비례하여 강도가 증가되지는 않았다. 또한 전단키를 이루는 각도는 지압내력에 중요한 영향을 미치며 전단키 각도가 $20^{\circ}$에 근접할 때에 최대지압내력값을 나타내었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2022

Gravelly soil is a kind of special geotechnical material, which is widely used in the subgrade engineering of railway, highway and airport. Its mechanical properties are very complex, and will greatly influence the stability of subgrade engineering. To investigate the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of gravelly soils, this paper introduced and verified a new discrete element method (DEM) of gravelly soils in large scale direct shear test, which considers the actual shape and broken characteristics of gravels. Then, the stress and strain characteristics, particle interaction, particle contact force, crack development and energy conversion in gravelly soils during the shear process were analyzed using this method. Moreover, the effects of gravel content (GC) on the mechanical properties and failure characteristics were discussed. The results reveal that as GC increases, the shear stress becomes more fluctuating, the peak shear stress increases, the volumetric strain tends to dilate, the average particle contact force increases, the cumulative number of cracks increases, and the shear failure plane becomes coarser. Higher GC will change the friction angle with a trend of "stability", "increase", and "stability". Differently, it affects the cohesion with a law of "increase", "stability" and "increase".

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.757-767
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• 2015

Rock mass is an important engineering material. In hydropower engineering, rock mass of bank slope controlled the stability of an arch dam. However, mechanical characteristics of the rock mass are not only affected by lithology, but also joints. On the basis of field geological survey, this paper built rock mass material containing parallel concentrated joints with different dip angle, different number under different stress conditions by PFC (Particle Flow Code) numerical simulation. Next, we analyzed mechanical property and fracture features of this rock mass. The following achievements have been obtained through this research. (1) When dip angle of joints is $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, with the increase of joints number, peak strength of rock mass has not changed much. But when dip angle increase to $45^{\circ}$, especially increase to $60^{\circ}$ and $75^{\circ}$, peak strength of rock mass decreased obviously with the increase of joints number. (2) With the increase of confining stress, peak strengths of all rock mass have different degree of improvement, especially the rock mass with dip angle of $75^{\circ}$. (3) Under the condition of no confining stress, dip angle of joints is low and joint number is small, existence of joints has little influence on fracture mode of rock mass, but when joints number increase to 5, tensile deformation firstly happened at joints zone and further resulted in tension fracture of the whole rock mass. When dip angle of joints increases to $45^{\circ}$, fracture presented as shear along joints, and with increase of joints number, strength of rock mass is weakened caused by shear-tension fracture zone along joints. When dip angle of joints increases to $60^{\circ}$ and $75^{\circ}$, deformation and fracture model presented as tension fracture zone along concentrated joints. (4) Influence of increase of confining stress on fracture modes is to weaken joints' control function and to reduce the width of fracture zone. Furthermore, increase of confining stress translated deformation mode from tension to shear.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2024

Influenced by the alternating effects of dynamic and static pressure during the mining process of close range coal seams, the surrounding rock support of cross mining roadway is difficult and the deformation mechanism is complex, which has become an important problem affecting the safe and efficient production of coal mines. The paper takes the inclined longwall mining of the 10304 working face of Zhongheng coal mine as the engineering background, analyzes the key strata fracture mechanism of the large inclined right-angle trapezoidal mining field, explores the stress distribution characteristics and transmission law of the surrounding rock of the roadway affected by the mining of the inclined coal seam, and proposes a segmented and hierarchical support method for the cross mining roadway affected by the mining of the close range coal seam group. The research results indicate that based on the derived expressions for shear and tensile fracture of key strata, the ultimate pushing distance and ultimate suspended area of a right angle trapezoidal mining area can be calculated and obtained. Within the cross mining section, along the horizontal direction of the coal wall of the working face, the peak shear stress is located near the middle of the boundary. The cracks on the floor of the cross mining roadway gradually develop in an elliptical funnel shape from the shallow to the deep. The dual coupling support system composed of active anchor rod support and passive U-shaped steel shed support proposed in this article achieves effective control of the stability of cross mining roadways, which achieves effective control of floor by coupling active support and preventive passive support to improve the strength of the surrounding rock itself. The research results are of great significance for guiding the layout, support control, and safe mining of cross mining roadways, and to some extent, can further enrich and improve the relevant theories of roof movement and control.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 경상분지 퇴적암지대 특히 양산단층대(일광동래단층대) 구간 퇴적암 비탈면에서 도로 시공 시 불연속면(층리)에서 발생된 파괴사례를 분석하였다. 이 지역의 경우 다른 지역에 비해 시공 중 비탈면파괴 사례가 유독 많이 발생된 지역이다. 노출된 파괴 비탈면에 대한 Face Mapping 작성 후 한계평형법에 의한 역해석을 통해 불연속면(층리)의 전단강도 파라미터를 산정하였다. 분석 결과 이 지역 불연속면(층리면) 비탈면 경우 기존 설계 전단강도 파라미터 값 및 문헌제시 값과 비교했을 때 상당히 작게 산정되는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 층리면에 존재하는 잔존물과 지하수의 유출 등에 의한 영향으로 볼 수 있는데, 특히 점토와 같은 풍화잔존물이 불연속면의 전단강도에 감소에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 마찰각은 층리면각과 서로 비례하는 경향을 보여 두 변수사이에 관계식을 제시하였다. 이 식을 이용하여 노출된 층리면각을 알면 쉽게 전단강도 마찰각을 손쉽게 산정할 수 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2019

The biaxial failure mechanism of transversally bedding concrete layers was numerically simulated using a sophisticated two-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) implemented in the particle flow code (PFC2D). This numerical modelling code was first calibrated by uniaxial compression and Brazilian testing results to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical model's response. Secondly, 21 rectangular models with dimension of $54mm{\times}108mm$ were built. Each model contains two transversely bedding layers. The first bedding layer has low mechanical properties, less than mechanical properties of intact material, and second bedding layer has high mechanical properties, more than mechanical properties of intact material. The angle of first bedding layer, with weak mechanical properties, related to loading direction was $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ while the angle of second layer, with high mechanical properties, related to loading direction was $90^{\circ}$, $105^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, $150^{\circ}$, $160^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. Is to be note that the angle between bedding layer was $90^{\circ}$ in all bedding configurations. Also, three different pairs of the thickness were chosen in models, i.e., 5 mm/10 mm, 10 mm/10 mm and 20 mm/10 mm. The result shows that in all configurations, shear cracks develop between the weaker bedding layers. Shear cracks angel related to normal load change from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ with increment of $15^{\circ}$. Numbers of shear cracks are constant by increasing the bedding thickness. It's to be noted that in some configuration, tensile cracks develop through the intact area of material model. There is not any failure in direction of bedding plane interface with higher strength.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2008

분리형부재 보강토 옹벽(SRW)을 구성하는 생태축조블록 접촉면에 대한 전단시험을 수행하였다. 전단이 발생하는 두 개의 블록 사이의 접촉면조건은 두 블록을 직접 접촉시키는 경우와 블록 사이에 고무패드를 설치한 경우 그리고 블록 사이에 고무패드와 전단키를 설치한 각각 3가지 접촉면 조건을 고려하였다. 전단시험에 따르면 두개의 블록을 직접 접촉시킨 경우 전단하중-전단변위 관계가 탄성-완전소성형태와 유사하였으며 블록 사이의 접촉면에 고무패드를 설치한 경우 전단하중-전단변위 관계는 연성거동을 보였다. 블록과 블록을 직접 접촉시킨 경우와 블록과 블록 사이의 접촉면에 고무패드를 설치한 경우 그리고 블록과 블록 접촉면 사이에 고무패드와 전단키를 설치한 경우에 대한 최소 전단저항력과 겉보기 마찰각은 각각 1.7kN/m, $27.6^{\circ}$와 4.2kN/m, $26.2^{\circ}$ 그리고 20.9kN/m, $26.0^{\circ}$이었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.809-823
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• 2017

This paper describes lab test results of artificial rock-like material samples having a plane joint. Cyclic shear tests were performed under different normal loads and different shear displacement amplitudes. For this purpose, multi-stage normal loading tests (30 kN, 60 kN, 90 kN, 180 kN, 360 kN and 480 kN) with cyclic excitation at frequency of 1.0 Hz and different shear displacement amplitudes (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, 4.0 mm, 5.0 mm, and 8.0 mm) were conducted using the big shear box device GS-1000. Experimental results show, that shear forces increase with the increase of normal forces and quasi-static friction coefficient is larger than dynamic one. With the increase of normal loads, approaching the peak value of shear forces needs larger shear displacements. During each cycle the normal displacements increase and decrease (rotational behavior in every cycle). Peak angle of inclination increases with the increase of normal load. A phase shift between maximum shear displacement and maximum shear force is observed. The corresponding time shift decreases with increasing normal load and increases with increasing shear displacement amplitudes.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2016

Charts are used extensively in slope practical application to meet the need of quick assessment of rock slope design. However, Charts for estimating the shear strength of the rock mass of a slope are considerably limited. In this paper, based on the Hoek-Brown (HB) criterion which is widely used in rock slope engineering, we present charts which can be used to estimate the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) parameters angle of friction ${\phi}$ and cohesion c for given slopes. In order to present the proposed charts, we firstly present the derivation of the theoretical relationships between the MC parameters and ${\sigma}_{ci}/({\gamma}H)$ which is termed the strength ratio (SR). It is found that the values of $c/{\sigma}_{ci}$ and ${\phi}$ of a slope depend only on the magnitude of SR, regardless of the magnitude of the individual parameters ${\sigma}_{ci}$(uniaxial compressive strength), ${\gamma}$(unit weight) and H (slope height). Based on the relationships between the MC parameters and SR, charts are plotted to show the relations between the MC parameters and HB parameters. Using the proposed charts can make a rapid estimation of shear strength of rock masses directly from the HB parameters, slope geometry and rock mass properties for a given slope.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.357-371
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• 2016

Column base connections are critical components in steel structures because they transfer axial forces, shear forces and moments to the foundation. Exposed column bases are quite commonly used in low- to medium-rise buildings. To investigate shear transfer in exposed column base plates, four large scale specimens were subjected to a combination of axial load (compression or tension) and lateral shear deformations. The main parameters examined experimentally include the number of anchor rod, arrangement of anchor rod, type of lateral loading, and axial force ratio. It is observed that the shear resisting mechanism of exposed column base changed as the axial force changed. When the axial force is in compression, the resisting mechanism is rotation type, and the shear force will be resisted by friction force between base plate and mortar layer. The specimens could sustain inelastic deformation with minimal strength deterioration up to column rotation angle of 3%. The moment resistance and energy dissipation will be increased as the number of anchor rods increased. Moreover, moment resistance could be further increased if the anchor rods were arranged in details. When the axial force is in tension, the resisting mechanism is slip type, and the shear force will be resisted by the anchor rods. And the shear resistance was reduced significantly when the axial force was changed from compression to tension. The test results indicated that the current design approach could estimate the moment resistance within reasonable acceptance, but overestimate the shear resistance of exposed column base.