• Title/Summary/Keyword: angiotensin I converting enzyme(ACE)

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Lack of any Association between Insertion/Deletion (I/D) Polymorphisms in the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene and Digestive System Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis

  • Liu, Jin-Fei;Xie, Hao-Jun;Cheng, Tian-Ming
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.12
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    • pp.7271-7275
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    • 2013
  • Objective: To investigate the association between the gene polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and digestive system cancer risk. Method: A search was performed in Pubmed, Medline, ISI Web of Science and Chinese Biomedical (CBM) databases, covering all studies until Sep 1st, 2013. Statistical analysis was performed by using Revman5.2 and STATA 12.0. Results: A total of 15 case-control studies comprising 2,390 digestive system cancer patients and 9,706 controls were identified. No significant association was found between the I/D polymorphism and digestive cancer risk (OR=0.93, 95%CI = (0.75, 1.16), P=0.53 for DD+DI vs. II). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity and cancer type, no significant associations were found for the comparison of DD+DI vs. II. Results from other comparative genetic models also indicated a lack of associations between this polymorphism and digestive system cancer risks. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that the ACE D/I polymorphism might not contribute to the risk of digestive system cancer.

Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Cerebrovascular Disease in Korean population (한국인의 ACE(Angiotensin-converting Enzyme) 유전자의 다형성과 뇌혈관 질환과의 관계에 대한 연구)

  • Lee Jin Woo;Lee Kyung Jin;Rho Sam Woong;Kim Jae Jong;Bae Hyung Sup;Hong Moo Chang;Shin Min Kyu;Kim Young Suk;Bae Hyun Su
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.724-728
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    • 2002
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism, which consists of presence (insertion, I) or absence (deletion, D) of a 250-bp fragment, is associated with ischemic heart disease, renovascular disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. Subjects with the DD genotype have higher levels of circulating ACE than subjects with the II genotype and show an increased tendency towards vascular wall thickness and contribute to the development of vascular disease. But the association between I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene and cerebrovascular disease is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether the DNA polymorphism of the ACE are associated with cerebrovascular disease in Korean population. The study group comprised 377 Korean patients admitted to Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center in the year of 2000 for the treatment of brain infarction or brain hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was performed for each patient to determine the stroke phenotype, infarction or hemorrhage. The 183 subjects without evidence of brain infarction or brain hemorrhage were selected from the some ethnical population(control group). Venous blood samples were drawn from each subject for the extraction of DNA. Genotypes of ACE were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the genomic DNA. Case and control genotype frequencies were compared by chi-square testing. Both the patients and the controls were classified respectively into 4 groups: age less than forty years, age forty one to fifty, age fifty one to sixty, age greater than sixty years. There were no significant differences in the distributions of ACE genotypes among the patients with infarction, with hemorrhage and controls (Infarction: D/D 15.8%, I/D 46.7%, I/I 37.5%, Hemorrhage: D/D 15.1%, I/D 46.5%, I/I 38.4%, Control: D/D 18.6%, I/D 50.3%, I/I 31.2%). There was a significant difference in the distribution of ACE genotypes between the age greater than sixty year subgroup of patient with brain hemorrhage and the control (Hemorrhage: D/D 0%, I/D 55.6%, I/I 44.4%, Control: D/D 13.0%, I/D 63.0%, I/I 23.9%; Pearson Chi-Square value 5.956, P<0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of the ACE D/D type declined with increasing age both in the patient and control group (Patient group: age < 50 D/D 21.5%, age > 50 D/D 14.42%; Control group: age < 50 D/D 21.0%, age > 50 D/D 14.2%). In conclusion there is no clear association between ACE polymorphism and cerebrovascular disease in Korean population. Although, there was a tendency for the frequency of the ACE D/D type declined with increasing age in both patients and controls.

Production of Antihypertensive Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Enriched Edible Yeast Using Gugija (Lycium chinesis Mill)

  • Kim, Ran;Jang, Jeong-Hoon;Park, Won-Jong;Kim, Ha-Kun;Kwak, Hahn-Shik;Lee, Jong-Soo
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.206-209
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    • 2010
  • To produce bioactive compound enriched yeast using medicinal Gugiga (Lycium chinensis Mill), several edible Saccharomyces species were cultured in Gugija extracts added yeast extract, peptone and dextrose medium (GE - YEPD medium) at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr, and their growth were determined. Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K-7 and Sacchromyces cerevisiae ACTC 7904 were better than those of the other yeasts. Two yeasts were selected and then determined their some physiological functionalities after cultivated the yeasts in the GE - YEPD medium and compared those grown on YEPD medium. Antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of S. cerevisiae K-7 grown on GE - YEPD medium was about 20% higher than that grown on YEPD medium. Superoxide dismutase-like activity of S. cerevisiae ACTC 7904 was also about 12% more high. However, the other physiological functionalities were almost same or lower. Optimal addition concentration of Gugija extract was 10%, and maximally growth and ACE inhibitory activity of S. cerevisiae K-7 were shown when the strain was cultured in 10% Gugija extracts containing YEPD medium at $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr.

Development of effective heparin extraction method from pig by-products and analysis of their bioavailability

  • Lee, Da Young;Lee, Seung Yun;Kang, Hea Jin;Park, Yeonhwa;Hur, Sun Jin
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.62 no.6
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    • pp.933-947
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to develop an effective heparin extraction method by using low-cost and highly effective enzymes from six pig by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine), and analyze their bioavailability. Low-cost and highly effective enzymes (alkaline-AK and papain) and a common enzyme (trypsin) were used for the heparin extraction. The angiotensin I- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and the antimicrobial activity of extracted heparin were analyzed to verify their bioavailability. The average amount of heparin extracted per kilogram of pig by-products was 439 mg from the liver, 127 mg from the lung, 398 mg from the heart, 261 mg from the stomach, 197 mg from the small intestine, and 239 mg from the large intestine. Various enzymes were used to extract heparin, and the amount of extracted heparin was similar. Based on 1 g of pig by-product, the enzymes trypsin, papain, and alkaline-AK could extract 1,718 mg, 1,697 mg, and 1,905 mg of heparin, respectively. Heparin extracted from pig by-products showed antihypertensive activity and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at low populations. These results indicated that heparin can be obtained from pig by-products at a low cost.

Degradation of Bradykinin, a Cardioprotective Substance, during a Single Passage through Isolated Rat-Heart

  • Ahmad M.;Zeitlin I.J.;Parratt J.R.;Pitt A.R.
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.241-248
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    • 2006
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have cardioprotective effects in different species including human. This cardioprotective effect is mainly due to the inhibition of bradykinin (BK) degradation rather than inhibition of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensir. II. Bradykinin, a nonapeptide, has been considered to be the potential target for various enzymes including ACE, neutral endopeptidase 24.11, carboxypeptidase M, carboxypeptidase N, proline aminopeptidase, endopeptidase 24.15, and meprin. In the present study, the coronary vascular beds of Sprague Dawley rat isolated hearts were perfused (single passage) with Krebs solution alone or with different concentrations of BK i.e. $2.75{\times}10^{-10},\;10^{-7},\;10^{-6}\;and\;10^{-5}M$ solution. Percent degradation of BK was determined by radioimmunoassay. The degradation products of BK after passing through the isolated rat-hearts were determined using RP-HPLC and mass spectroscopy. All the four doses of BK significantly decreased the perfusion pressure during their passage through the hearts. The percentage degradation of all four doses was decreased as the concentration of drug was increased, implying saturation of a fixed number of active sites involved in BK degradation. Bradykinin during a single passage through the hearts degraded to give [1-7]-BK as the major metabolite, and [1-8]-BK as a minor metabolite, detected on HPLC. Mass spectroscopy not only confirmed the presence of these two metabolites but also detected traces of [1-5]-BK and arginine. These findings showed that primarily ACE is the major cardiac enzyme involved in the degradation of bradykinin during a single passage through the coronary vascular of bed the healthy rat heart, while carboxypeptidase M may have a minor role.

Antioxidant and Blood-Pressure Reduction Effects of Fermented Soybean, Chungkookjang (청국장의 항산화 및 혈압강하 효과)

  • Hwang, Jae-Sung;Kim, Sung-Jo;Kim, Han-Bok
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.54-57
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    • 2009
  • Fermented soybean, Chungkookjang has diverse bioactive compounds including antioxidants and peptides. Ethanol extract from Chungkookjang exhibited absorbance of 0.55 at 285 nm, where amino acids and peptides containing phenol are known to exist. Antioxidant activity of Chungkookjang was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. With increasing concentrations of ethanol extracts, their antioxidant activities increased. Blood pressure was determined every two hours after taking raw Chungkookjang which does not contain salts. In 6 h, systolic blood pressure dropped by 14 mmHg, and diastolic one dropped by 8 mmHg, which was statistically significant. Daidzein, antioxidants, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor such as Lys-Pro which are rich in Chungkookjang might contribute to the reduction of blood pressure.

Screening of Mushrooms Having Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (각종 버섯류로부터 안지오텐신 전환효소 저해제의 탐색)

  • Lee, Dae-Hyoung;Kim, Jae-Ho;Cheong, Jong-Chun;Gong, Won-Shik;Yoo, Young-Bok;Park, Jeong-Sik;Yoo, Chang-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Soo
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.148-154
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    • 2003
  • Extracts from 52 samples of mushrooms were prepared by using water, ethanol and methanol, and then yields and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity were investigated. Sample mushrooms contained crude proteins of $7.1{\sim}56.5%$, curde lipids of $0.2{\sim}4.4%$ and carbohydrates of $30.3{\sim}86.6%$. Among 52 samples, the water extract from fruiting body of Pholiota spp. ASI 24027 showed the highest extraction yield of 68%. Water extract of Pholiota spp. ASI 24012 fruiting body had potential ACE inhibitory activity of 66%. The optimal extraction condition of the ACE inhibitor from the fruiting bodyies of Pholiota spp. ASI 24012 was In water at $30^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr and ACE inhibitory activity was 67.6% on the condition with 0.2 mg of $IC_{50}$.

Comparison of Functional Properties of Blood Plasma Collected from Black Goat and Hanwoo Cattle

  • Shine Htet Aung;Edirisinghe Dewage Nalaka Sandun Abeyrathne;Mahabbat Ali;Dong Uk Ahn;Young-Sun Choi;Ki-Chang Nam
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.46-60
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    • 2023
  • Slaughterhouse blood is a by-product of animal slaughter that can be a good source of animal protein. This research purposed to examine the functional qualities of the blood plasma from Hanwoo cattle, black goat, and their hydrolysates. Part of the plasma was hydrolyzed with proteolytic enzymes (Bacillus protease, papain, thermolysin, elastase, and α-chymotrypsin) to yield bioactive peptides under optimum conditions. The levels of hydrolysates were evaluated by 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antioxidant, metal-chelating, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of intact blood plasma and selected hydrolysates were investigated. Accordingly, two plasma hydrolysates by protease (pH 6.5/55℃/3 h) and thermolysin (pH 7.5/37℃/3-6 h) were selected for analysis of their functional properties. In the oil model system, only goat blood plasma had lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the control. The diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was higher in cattle and goat plasma than in proteolytic hydrolysates. Ironchelating activities increased after proteolytic degradation except for protease-treated cattle blood. Copper-chelating activity was excellent in all test samples except for the original bovine plasma. As for ACE inhibition, only non-hydrolyzed goat plasma and its hydrolysates by thermolysin showed ACE inhibitory activity (9.86±5.03% and 21.77±3.74%). In conclusion, goat plasma without hydrolyzation and its hydrolysates can be a good source of bioactive compounds with functional characteristics, whereas cattle plasma has a relatively low value. Further studies on the molecular structure of these compounds are needed with more suitable enzyme combinations.