• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.334-346
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• 2023

The antioxidant ability of 80% ethanolic extract of nutmeg seed (NM80) was evaluated using in vitro assays and bulk oil and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion matrices. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radical scavenging, and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) in vitro assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant ability of the extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of 25, 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL NM80 were 12.5, 20.9, 35.1, and 62.8%, respectively, while the ABTS cation radical scavenging activities were 2.7, 6.5, 30.5, and 29.8%, respectively, demonstrating a dose-dependent effect. The ORAC value was significantly higher at an NM80 concentration of 25 ㎍/mL than the positive control (p<0.05). The conjugated dienoic acid (CDA), ρ-anisidine, and tertiary butyl alcohol values in 90-min-heated corn oil containing 200 ppm of NM80 were significantly reduced by 3.26, 16.94, and 17.34%, respectively, compared to those for the sample without NM80 (p<0.05). However, the headspace oxygen content and CDA value in the O/W emulsion containing 200 ppm of NM80 at 60℃ had 6.29 and 82.85% lower values, respectively, than those for the sample without NM80 (p<0.05). The major volatile compounds of NM80 were allyl phenoxyacetate, eugenol acetate, and eugenol. NM80 could be an effective natural antioxidant in lipid-rich foods in bulk oil or O/W emulsion matrix.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.307-313
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• 2014

Rumex crispus (curled dock), which is a perennial wild plant, has long been used as a laxative, astringent, and medicine to treat blood and skin diseases. We recently reported that the roots of R. crispus are an effective nutraceutical for bone. This study prepared ethanol extracts of the leaves and roots of R. crispus, and analyzed the major constituents using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition, their effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, such as cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and mineralization, were compared. The chromatograms of the chemical constituents of the two extracts exhibited quite different profiles: quercetin and quercitrin were identified as major peaks in the leaf extract, whereas cinnamtannin B1 and procyanidin isomers were the major peaks for the root extract. Neither extract was cytotoxic at concentrations of < $25{\mu}g/ml$. ALP activity and collagen synthesis-which are markers of the early stage of osteogenesis-in MG-63 cells were significantly increased upon the addition of the root extract compared with the addition of the leaf extract. In contrast, the leaf extract had a more stimulatory effect on mineralization-which is marker of the late stage of osteogenesis-in MG-63 cells than did the root extract. In conclusion, extracts of both leaves and roots of R. crispus stimulated the bone-forming activity of osteoblasts; in particular, the root extract was more effective in the early stage of osteoblast differentiation, while the leaf extract was more effective in the late stage. This difference in anabolic activity may be due to differences in the constituents of the leaves and roots. The leaves and roots of R. crispus appear to complement each other as stimulators of bone formation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc is widely distributed in East Asia (Korea, Japan, and China), and its fruit is often used as a medication and food material. However, because most previous studies have only investigated the state of Prunus mume fruit extract, studies on the various ways of processing this extract are still needed to increase its utilization. In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical properties and physiological activities of spray-dried Prunus mume vinegar powder (SPP). The sugar content, pH, total acidity, and moisture content of the SPP were 8.90 °Brix, 3.19, 1.05%, and 3.07%, respectively. The SPP exhibited significantly high antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity (65.55%), reducing power (1.48), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (48.07%). In addition, the SPP remarkably decreased the cell viability of human breast MDA-MB-231 and human skin cancer SK-MEL-28 in a dose-dependent manner. The morphological results of the treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with SPP were distorted, shrunken cell masses. Furthermore, apoptotic bodies and nuclear condensation formed in the SPP-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the SPP were 59.58 ㎍/g (gallic acid equivalent) and 57.56 ㎍/g (quercetin equivalent). The results of this study indicate that SPP, which has antioxidant activity and anticancer effects, can be useful in the development of natural medicines and functional food ingredients.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2022

The mixed cropping system is a centuries-old cropping technique widely practiced in farmers' fields worldwide. Increased plant diversity enhances farmland biodiversity, which improves grain yield and quality. However, the effect of growing different rice cultivars simultaneously has rarely been investigated. In the present study, six glutinous rice cultivars were selected, and two mixture cultivation methods were determined according to plant height, grain yield, and color. Colored and glutinous rice are used for specific purposes by consumers because of their color and nutritive value. Six glutinous rice varieties, including aromatic and colored rice, were included in the combination interplanting trials. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding monocropping systems, almost all combinations of the mixed cropping systems had advantages in yield-related traits. Compared with monocropping systems, mixed cropping systems increased the number of panicles per plant and maturation rate by 20% and 10%, respectively. An increase of 18-20% grain yield was observed in mixed cropping plots compared with that in plots which grew only a single rice variety. Some rice varieties, such as green colored rice 'Nogwonchall' and black colored rice 'Chungpunghukhayangchall', exhibited 18-22% increased yield when they were planted in combinations. The high yields were primarily owing to improved light interception and reduced lodging, although other factors (for example, reduced severity of disease) may have also contributed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2020

Sirtuin inhibitors are pharmaceutically and therapeutically valuable compounds that inhibit sirtuin, a type III histone deacetylase. Synthetic sirtuin inhibitors were discovered and characterized using cell-based screens in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and have been used in the study of aging, carcinogenesis, and diabetes, all of which are related to sirtuin function. For medical applications, synthetic inhibitors have been further developed for increased potency and specificity, including compounds containing nicotinamide, thioacetyl lysine, β-naphthol, and indole derivatives. Suramin, tenovin, and their analogues were developed as a result. Sirtuin inhibitors were found to affect organic development and have been used to genetically modify plants, although a sirtinol-resistant mutation in the biosynthesis of a molybdopterin cofactor for an aldehyde oxidase has been identified. Some natural flavonoids, and catechin and quercetin derivatives also act as sirtuin inhibitors have been studied to identify a more potent inhibitor for therapeutic purposes. In this review, sirtuin is introduced and the therapeutic inhibitors that have been developed are presented, particularly sirtinol which has been used for genetic modification in plants though it was not designed to be so. Sirtuin inhibitors with greater potency and selectivity are required and those developed in pharmaceutics should be used in plant research to identify more authentic sirtuins in plants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

Subcritical water extraction can be used to selectively extraction compounds by varying the temperature-dependent dielectric constant of water. This study investigated subcritical water extraction of decursin and nodakenin yields from Angelica gigas Nakai (AN) quantitatively and qualitatively by HPLC, and HPLC-ESI/MS. Total phenolics, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity were determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, including the effects of varying the extraction conditions of temperature ($110-200^{\circ}C$) and time (1-20 min) under high pressure (10 MPa). By subcritical water extraction under operating conditions of $120-130^{\circ}C$, the maximum yields of decursin ($6.64{\pm}0.42%$ in the dried material) and nodakenin ($3.71{\pm}0.28%$ in the dried material) were obtained. From $190-200^{\circ}C$ the maximum yields of total phenolics ($75.97{\pm}1.64mg$ gallic acid equivalent/g AN), flavonoids ($8.56{\pm}1.10mg$ quercetin equivalent/g AN), DPPH ($63.07{\pm}1.71%$), and ABTS ($72.32{\pm}2.82%$) were obtained.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2015

Fustin comprised >98 and 73.0-86.7% of the total flavonoid content in the bark, and the stems and lignum of Rhus verniciflua, respectively. The butein, fisetin, and sulfuretin content varied between 0.31-2.17, 0.27-3.32, and 0.15-0.80 mg/g on a dry weight basis, respectively, in different parts of Rhus verniciflua. The urushiol content was 5.09-6.29, 55.05-56.30, and 0.38-0.39 mg/100 g on a dry weight basis in the stems, bark, and lignum, respectively. This showed that the bark of the tree had the highest urushiol content. C15:3 (pentadecatrienyl catechol), C15:1 (pentadecenyl catechol), and C15:2 (pentadecadienyl catechol) comprised 63, 33-35, and 2-3% of urushiol congeners in the tree bark, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1111-1119
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• 2019

Prunus mume, known as maesil in Korea, has been widely cultivated in East Asia and used as medication and food. However, because most of the previous studies concerning P. mume had been investigated its under extract state, detailed studies are still required for its extensive utilization. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities of solvent fractions of P. mume ethanol extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity than other fractions. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of ethyl acetate fraction was 67.79%; ABTS radical scavenging activity was 60.03%; reducing power ($OD_{670}$) was 1.26; and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was 93.18% at $500{\mu}g/ml$. Also, the ethyl acetate and methanol fraction showed effective levels of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition activity (69.25% and 72.29% at $500{\mu}g/ml$). Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were 88.28 mg/g (gallic acid equivalent) and 70.38 mg/g (quercetin equivalent), respectively. These results suggest that the physiological activities of the ethyl acetate fraction are associated with its polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Therefore, this study can be used as basic data for developing natural antioxidants and potential functional material using P. mume.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2022

This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of seed ethanol extracts from Rubus coreanus Miquel (SERC). To investigate the antioxidant activity, total polyphenol and flavonoid content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity, and reducing power were measured. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in seed ethanol extracts of R. coreanus Miq. were 4.09 ㎍ gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mg and 16.25 ㎍ quercetin equivalents (QE)/mg, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity showed concentration-dependent scavenging activity, and the RC₅₀ values of SERC were 26.68 ㎍/mL and 39.30 ㎍/mL, respectively. Moreover, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was performed to assess the reducing power, and SERC showed 0.61 ± 0.01 mM FeSO₄ E/mg. To measure the anti-inflammatory effect, the cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory efficacy in RAW 264.7 cells was confirmed. SERC showed a NO production inhibitory effect at 500 ㎍/mL without cytotoxicity. As a result of verifying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity using SERC, its potential as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory material was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1391-1397
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• 2016

We investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi extract (AK) in HepG2-overexpressing cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and C57BL/6J mice. In HepG2 cells expressing CYP2E1, cell viability and catalase activity in the ethanol-AK co-treated group significantly increased compared to those in the ethanol-treated group. In the in vivo study with C57BL/6J mice, the AK-supplemented group with ethanol liquid diet showed significantly reduced hepatic markers, including serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase, compared to the ethanol group without AK supplementation. AK supplementation (20 mg/kg BW/d) also significantly attenuated reactive oxygen species generation and malondialdehyde level. Notably, a low dose of AK supplementation (20 mg/kg BW/d) suppressed expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and inhibited CYP2E1 enzyme activity. These data indicate that a low dose of AK supplementation could restrain alcohol-induced hepatic damage mediated by CYP2E1.