• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a valid social contact survey instrument and to verify its feasibility for use among Korean adults. Methods: The Delphi technique was used to develop an instrument to assess social contacts, which was then applied in a cross-sectional pilot study. A panel of 15 medical professionals reviewed the feasibility and validity of each item. The minimum content validity ratio was 0.49. Thirty participants used the developed measure to record contacts during a 24-hour period. Results: After a systematic review, the survey instrument (parts I and II) was developed. Part I assessed social contact patterns over a 24-hour period, and part II assessed perceptions of contacts in daily life and preventive behaviors (hand hygiene and coughing etiquette). High validity and feasibility were found. In the pilot study, the 30 participants had a combined total of 198 contacts (mean, 6.6 daily contacts per person). The participants' age (p=0.012), occupation (p<0.001), household size (p<0.001), education (p<0.001), personal income (p=0.003), and household income (p<0.001) were significantly associated with the number of contacts. Contacts at home, of long duration, and of daily frequency were relatively likely to be physical. Assortative mixing was observed between individuals in their 20s and 50s. Contact type differed by location, duration, and frequency (p<0.001). Conclusions: The developed social contact survey instrument demonstrated high validity and feasibility, suggesting that it is viable for implementation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.889-897
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Sexuality Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (SABS) and to assess SABS for Korean nurses. Methods: The Korean version of SABS was developed through forward-backward translation techniques. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using PASW+ PC Win (18.0) and AMOS (18.0). Data were collected from 567 nurses who worked in one of six general hospitals across the country. Results: The Korean version of SABS showed a reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of subscales ranging from .59 to .73. Factor loadings of the 10 items of three subscales ranged from .38 to .83. The three subscales model were validated by confirmatory factor analysis (GFI>.97, RMSEA<.05). Sexuality attitudes and beliefs for Korean nurses were more negative than that of European or American nurses. The SABS scores for Korean nurses were significantly different according to age, marriage, education, clinical experiences, and feeling about sexuality. Conclusion: The Korean version of SABS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure Korean nurses' attitudes and belief toward sexuality. Education is essential to enhance importance and self-efficacy and to relieve barriers to addressing patients' sexuality.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2008

Purpose: The study was to develop an instrument to measure grandmothering stress for Korean day-care grandmothers and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument Method: The items of the instrument were based on a literature review and secondary data, After content validity tests and a pilot test, 20 items were developed. In order to test the reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from 126 grandmothers. Result: After a factor analysis, five factors and 15 items were selected. These explained 67.2% of the total variance. The first domain was termed 'Health problems', and explained 18.1 % of the total variance, and the second domain of 'Possibility of role substitution' explained 13.8%. The third and the fourth domains were 'Relations with adult children' and 'Grandchildren's characteristics' explaining 12.5% and 12.1 %, respectively. The last domain explained 10.8% of the total variance with the theme 'Restriction of social life' After accomplishing the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was determined to be .75. Conclusions : This initial step in the development of a Grandmothering Stress Index is valuable to reflect the subject of Grandmothering stress in senior citizens in Korea. Future study should to refine the constitution of the instrument.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2019

Due to the rapid development of IT (information technology) and internet, products become smart and able to collect, process and produce information and can think of themselves to provide better service to consumers. However, research on the characteristics of smart product is still sparse. In this paper, we report the systemic development of a scale to measure the perceived product smartness associated with smart product. To develop product smartness scale, this study follows systemic scale development processes of item generation, item reduction, scale validation, reliability and validity test consequently. And, after acquiring a large amount of qualitative interview data asking the definition of smart product, we add a unique process to reduce the initial items using both a text mining method using 'r' s/w and traditional reliability and validity tests including factor analysis. Based on an initial qualitative inquiry and subsequent quantitative survey, an eight-factor scale of product smartness is developed. The eight factors are multi-functionality, human-like touch, ability to cooperate, autonomy, situatedness, network connectivity, integrity, and learning capability consequently. Results from Korean samples support the proposed measures of product smartness in terms of reliability, validity, and dimensionality. Implications and directions for further study are discussed. The developed scale offers important theoretical and pragmatic implications for researchers and practitioners.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.307-317
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Perinatal Infant Care Social Support (K-PICSS) for postpartum mothers. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The K-PICSS was developed through forward-backward translation. Online survey data were collected from 284 Korean mothers with infants 1-2 months of age. The 19-item K-PICSS consists of functional and structural domains. The functional domain of social support measures infant care practices of postpartum mothers. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and known-group comparison were used to verify the construct validity of the K-PICSS. Social support and postpartum depression were also measured to test criterion validity. Psychometric testing was not applicable to the structural social support domain. Results: The average age of mothers was 32.76±3.34 years, and they had been married for 38.45±29.48 months. Construct validity was supported by the results of EFA, which confirmed a three-factor structure of the scale (informational support, supporting presence, and practical support). Significant correlations of the K-PICSS with social support (r=.71, p<.001) and depression (r=-.40, p<.001) were found. The K-PICSS showed reliable internal consistency, with Cronbach's α values of .90 overall and .82-.83 in the three subscales. The vast majority of respondents reported that their husband or their parents were their main sources of support for infant care. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the K-PICSS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure infant care social support in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.477-489
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess emergency room nurses' knowledge and performance of triage nursing. Methods: The instrument was developed through the stages of conceptual construction, item development, and validity and reliability testing. For the validity and reliability testing, data collected from 48 emergency room nurses using questionnaires was analyzed through descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and reliability coefficients. Results: The knowledge part consisted of 30 items in nine areas, and its reliability was low (KR-20 =0.50). The correct-answer rate was 71.8%. The performance section derived from the factor analysis was composed of two factors with nine items in the triage domain and three factors with 12 items in the non triage domain. The explanatory powers of these factors for the domains were 66.1% and 70.4%, respectively. The overall reliability (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) was .95, and the reliabilities for the two domains were .88 and .91, respectively. The nurses' mean performance level was 3.2(${\pm}0.45$). Conclusion: The specific contents of the triage nursing work were identified from the developed scale; further research is necessary to in order to develop a scale capable of higher reliability and validity.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.472-479
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• 2015

Few instruments are available to measure nurses' perceptions of cultural competence in South Korea. Furthermore, the equivalence of factors between original and translated instruments has not been evaluated. The specific aims of this study were to identify the validity and reliability of a Korean version of the Cultural Awareness Scale (K-CAS) and to evaluate the equivalence of factors between the original CAS and the K-CAS. A total of 515 nursing students completed the 26-item K-CAS, 28-item Caffrey Cultural Competence in Healthcare Scale (CCCHS), and eight-item Openness to Diversity and Challenge Scale (ODCS). The K-CAS exhibited good reliability (${\alpha}=.83$) and construct validity by correlating with the CCCHS (r=.344, p<.001) and ODCS (r=.394, p<.001). Confirmatory factor analysis results of the K-CAS confirmed the same factor structure as the original CAS. The K-CAS could be a useful tool to assess the concept of cultural competence among nursing students and nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.650-660
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure the parenting behavior of primary caregivers of children in early childhood. Methods: An instrument was developed according to Devellis's instrument development process. The participants in this study who completed the main survey were 370 mothers and grandmothers. The survey was conducted from June 1 to July 30, 2014, and collected data were analyzed using item analysis, half-split reliability and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity. Results: The factor structure of the instrument showed the cumulative variance as 55.7% in the factor analysis. As a result of a confirmatory factor analysis, a four-factor structure was found to be appropriate, and the construct validity and convergent validity of the instrument were thereby confirmed. The finalized parenting behavior instrument consisted of 26 items and four independent factors: affectionate, laissez-faire, educational and impulsive. A five-point Likert scale was employed, and a higher score in a particular factor showed that most of the behaviors belonged to the factor. Conclusion: The instrument developed in this study was found to be reliable and valid, and can be used to develop parent-child relationship building.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of the TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life (TAPQOL) questionnaire for children aged 18-60 months. Methods: The participants were 223 mothers of healthy children from nurseries and kindergartens, and 54 mothers of hospitalized children from a university children's hospital in Korea. Data were collected in 2011. Principal component factor analysis and known-groups method were used to confirm construct validity, and internal consistency was used to determine reliability. Results: According to the factor analysis, 11 factors with an eigenvalue over 1 were extracted, and these factors explained 73.5% of the variance. All dimensions except two had Cronbach's alpha coefficients greater than .7. The mean TAPQOL scores of the hospitalized group were significantly lower than those of the healthy group (p=.001) for all four functions (physical, emotional, social, and cognitive). Conclusion: The TAPQOL showed acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used to measure children's health-related quality of life in Korea, and can be considered for use in other Asian countries.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.316-325
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Critical Pathway for Uterine Artery Embolization patients. Method: There were 6 steps that were taken. Step 1 was selecting a diagnosis, and Step 2 was organizing a development team consisting of 7 experts. Step 3 analyzed the medical records, and Step 4 drew up a preliminary Critical Pathway. Step 5 tested the clinical validity of the preliminary Critical Pathway, and Step 6 developed the final Critical Pathway. Result: The contents of the medical practices observed in the medical records were investigated in seven areas: monitoring/assessment, treatment, medication, diet, activity, consults, and education/discharge plan; and a total of 73 items was identified. The validity of the 73 items was examined by a group of specialists. 68 items were adopted, 4 items revised, 1 item removed, and 1 item was added. Using the results, a preliminary Critical Pathway was drawn up. According to the results from examining the clinical validity of the preliminary Critical Pathway with five patients for five weeks, 3 items which showed discrepancy were revised and another 3 items were added. Then, the final Critical Pathway was completed. Conclusion: This Critical Pathway needs to be clinically applied and continuously to measure its effects in terms of the length of stay, cost.effectiveness, and the patients' and staffs' satisfaction.