• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2022

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has grown in popularity as a low-cost, flexible alternative to the classic public switched telephone network (PSTN) that offers advanced digital features. However, additional security vulnerabilities are introduced by the VoIP system's flexibility and the convergence of voice and data networks. These additional challenges add to the normal security challenges that a VoIP system's underlying IP data network infrastructure confront. As a result, the VoIP network adds to the complexity of the security assurance task faced by businesses that use this technology. It's time to start documenting the many security risks that a VoIP infrastructure can face, as well as analyzing the difficulties and solutions that could help guide future efforts in research & development. We discuss and investigate the challenges and requirements of VoIP security in this research. Following a thorough examination of security challenges, we concentrate on VoIP system threats, which are critical for present and future VoIP deployments. Then, towards the end of this paper, some future study directions are suggested. This article intends to guide future scholars and provide them with useful guidance.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2014

Much of the behavior of doctors reflects the influences from the social, cultural, historical, and economic environment of the time. Therefore, it is very important for future doctors to understand the practice environment in an ever changing world. Traditionally, doctors' competence has been based on the doctor-patient relationship. However, the social practice of medicine in the contemporary era asks future doctors to have social competencies, which often are defined as non-clinical competencies. As a global project, the World Federation for Medical Education has urged every country to define the future role of doctors to encompass global roles based on the duty toward and value of clinical as well as non-clinical competencies. In the past four years, Korean medical professional societies have coordinated to set forth the global role of Korean doctors. Five domains of clinical competence, professionalism, social accountability, communication and collaboration, and education and research have been chosen. The current version of the "global role of Korean doctors" can be used not only for the common objectives of medical education, but also for translating into the competencies of doctors that can be achieved through life-long learning. If we all want to improve medical education in order to produce more qualified and competent doctors as the public desires, then it may be the most urgent task to produce doctors who are equipped with social competencies to persuade, negotiate, and engage in constructive dialogues with society for better health care for a better society.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.100.1-100.1
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• 2011

Everybody wants to see the future, but nobody does for sure. Reliably forecasting the solar activity in the near future looks like an easy task, but in fact still remains one of difficult problems in the solar-terrestrial research. We have sought for good univariate methods that can predict future smoothed sunspot numbers reasonably well based on past smoothed sunspot number data only. Here we consider a specific method we call principal component-and-autoregression (PCAR) method. The variation of sunspot number during a period of finite duration (past) before an epoch (present) is modeled by a linear combination of a small number of dominant principal components, and this model is extended to the period (future) beyond the epoch using the autoregressive model of finite order. From the application of this method, we find that the $24^{th}$ solar maximum is likely to occur near the end of the year 2013 (and there is a possibility that it occurs earlier near the start of 2013), and to have a peak sunspot number of about 86, indicating that the activity of the $24^{th}$ cycle will be weaker than the average. We will discuss how much this estimate is reliable.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.125-134
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• 2020

Natural language encountered in construction documents largely deviates from those that are recommended by the authorities. Such practice that is lacking in coherence will discourage integrated research with automation, and it will hurt the productivity in the industry for the long run. This research aims to compare multiple string similarity (string matching) algorithms to compare each algorithm's performance in recognizing the same task name written in multiple different ways. We also aim to start a debate on how prevalent the aforementioned deviation is. Finally, we composed a small dataset that associates construction task names found in practice with the corresponding task names that are less cluttered w.r.t their formatting. We expect that this dataset can be used to validate future natural language processing approaches.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.393-398
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• 2016

Collective Adaptive System is an adaptive multi-agent system which accomplishes its goal by collaborating various agents. Because the collective property of the Collective Adaptive System is accomplished by the goal of the system being based on collaboration, testing the goal accomplishment and their interactions among heterogeneous agents is important. This paper presents a feasibility study of applying a model-based testing approach using task-based test model to a Collective Adaptive System. This paper describes additional information to be applied for Collective Adaptive System for future studies. To analyze our approach, we applied the proposed approach to a smart home system as a case study; our results indicated that we can systematically derive test cases to check whether the Collective Adaptive System successfully achieved its goals by modifying and extending the existing task model.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.73-90
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• 2023

This research examines the impact of robotics integration on job dynamics in the U.S. manufacturing sector, adding to the critical dialogue on technological evolution and the future of jobs. Anchored in the task-model framework, the study hypothesizes that robotic integration exerts differential influences on diverse occupational clusters, each identified by their unique task-specific attributes. An in-depth examination was undertaken to elucidate the interplay between robotic integration and the occupation clusters. Employing a multilevel growth curve model, our empirical investigation tracked employment dynamics from 2012 to 2022 across 52 U.S. regions, covering 307 manufacturing occupations. The findings suggest a pronounced job decline within occupations necessitating manual dexterity. Nonetheless, the evidence does not conclusively support that the extent of robotics integration exacerbates this trend. These findings imply that the employment shifts in the U.S. manufacturing sector are predominantly driven by long-standing trends of deindustrialization and functional specialization, rather than by the recent diffusion of robotic technologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.87-97
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• 1993

China has a big population(22% of the world) and small cultivated land( only 7% of the world). Agriculture is very important and it has solved the problem of people's eating and wearing, and now it is creating favourable conditions for the state modernization and people's comparatively well-off. Farm mechanization plays an role in agriculture and has primarily developed. But the development is complicated since the big rural labour force and the small per capita cultivated land. The development and features of farm mechanization in China was summarized and the future task and its countermeasure was discussed in this paper.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.147.1-147
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• 2001

Future robots, especially service and personal robots, will need much more intelligence, robustness and user-friendliness. The ability to learn contributes to these characteristics and is, therefore, becoming more and more important. Three of the numerous varieties of learning are discussed together with results of real-world experiments with three autonomous robots: (1) the acquisition of map knowledge by a mobile robot, allowing it to navigate in a network of corridors, (2) the acquisition of motion control knowledge by a calibration-free manipulator, allowing it to gain task-related experience and improve its manipulation skills while it is working, and (3) the ability to learn how to perform service tasks ...

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

We present a fast reduction method of survey data obtained using a single-dish radio telescope. Along with a brief review of classical method, a new method of identification and elimination of negative and positive bad channels are introduced using cloud identification code and several IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility) tasks relating statistics. Removing of several ripple patterns using Fourier Transform is also discussed. It is found that BACKGROUND task within IRAF is very efficient for fitting and subtraction of base-line with varying functions. Cloud identification method along with the possibility of its application for analysis of cloud structure is described, and future data reduction method is discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.606-608
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• 1989

Force/torque sensors are now providing widespread practical solutions to manufacturing problems, particularly in the area of automated assembly. The current state of the industry is discussed, including the evolution of transducer and controller design, and the trend of robot manufacturers to integrate force/torque sensors into their robot systems thereby greatly improving cycle time and simplifying the application development task for the end-user. Current and future application areas are discussed as well as the benefits of force/torque sensing.