• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

This study developed composition-plastic media with woodchips and plastic as main materials, and examined the performance of media. Compared to the existing commercial media, the media had similar performance in removal efficiency and microbes attaching characteristic, and was evaluated that they are distinguished from economic side. Performance test of media was conducted to examine the removal capacity of toluene and hydrogen sulfide in a gas stream by using a lab-scale biotrickling filter systems packed with them. At a volumetric loading of $1.5\;m^3/hr$ with inlet concentration 260 ppm and empty bed residence time (EBRT) 42s, the toluene removal efficiency was shown over 90%, and the maximum elimination capacity of toluene in the biotrickling filter was $77g/m^3{\cdot}hr$. Effective co-treatments of $H_2S$ and Toluene were observed in the lab-scale biotrickling filters. The maximum elimination capacity of $H_2S$ was $100\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}hr$. Up to 100 ppm, the concentration of $H_2S$ did not have an effect on toluene removal efficiency, but the removal efficiency of toluene decreased with increasing inlet $H_2S$ concentration.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.94-106
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• 2003

A pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of UV disinfection system and the reactivation of indicator microorganisms (TC, FC, E. coli) after UV irradiation for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. Photoreactivation and dark repair enable UV-inactivated microorganisms to recover and may reduce the efficacy of UV inactivation, which might be drawbacks of the UV disinfection method. The effluent of biofilter for 16-unit apartment house was used as input to the UV disinfection system, and average SS and BOD concentration were 3.8 and 5.7 mg/L, respectively, and the mean level of total coliform was in the range of $1.0\times10^4$ MPN/100mL. UV disinfection was found to be effective and it reduced mean concentration of indicator microorganisms (total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli) to less than 100 MPN/100mL within 60s exposure using 17, 25, and 40W lamps. Two UV doses of 6 and 16 mW$\cdot$s/$\textrm{km}^2$ were applied and microorganisms reactivation was monitored under the dark, photoreactivating light, and solar irradiation. Microorganisms reactivation was observed in the UV dose of 6 mW$\cdot$s/$\textrm{km}^2$, and numbers increased up to 5% at the photoreactivating light and 1% at the dark. However, microorganisms were inactivated rather than reactivated at the solar radiation and numbers decreased to non-detectible level about below 2 MPN/100mL in 4 hours. In the case of 16 mW$\cdot$s/$\textrm{km}^2$, microorganism reactivation was not observed indicating that UV dose might affect the reactivation process such as photoreactivation and dark repair. Therefore, concerns associated with microorganism reactivation could be controlled by sufficient UV dose application. Agricultural reuse of reclaimed water might be even less concerned due to exposure to the solar irradiation that could further inactivate microorganisms. The pilot study result is encouraging, however, sanitary concern in water reuse is so critical that more comprehensive investigation is recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 2007

To investigate genetic diversity and PCR detection of Rhizina undulata, PCR detection and sequence analysis of rDNA ITS region of R. undulata in soil were analyzed and developed. The length of partial 18S rDNA from four R. undulata isolates were 1,375 nt. The sequence similarity of R. undulata isolates was 100%. The rDNA ITS regions of R. undulata isolates were 585 nt long. Nucleotide sequencing of the ITS regions showed that PDK-1, PTT-1 and PDJ-9 isolates had 100% sequence identity. But, PDS-5 isolate differed from the three isolates by two nucleotide substitution. R. undulata-specific primers designed by the sequence of ITS region were used in PCR detection of R. undulata. PCR products about 525 bp size, which is specific to R. undulata, were amplified from total DNAs of R. undulata isolates. To assay the sensitivity of PCR detection by R. undulata ITS-specific primer, purely cultured mycelial suspension of R. undulata was serially diluted and mixed with 100g of sterile sandy loam soil, respectively. And then, PCR products of total DNAs extracted from each mycelium-soil mixtures were analysed. The PCR protocol could detected up to 1ng mycelium of R. undulata within 100g of soil.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.765-771
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• 2009

Anti-oxidative activities of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance extracts were measured after extraction with 50% (v/v) ethanol or water (at $80^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$). The total polyphenol content was highest (64.73 mg GAE/g) in extract from 50% ethanol extraction at $80^{\circ}C$. In extracts obtained by water extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, the total polyphenol contents were 39.78 mg GAE/g and 23.17 mg GAE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract at $80^{\circ}C$ were highest, as assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity (69.14% at 50 ppm), reducing power (OD 0.93), and $ABTS^+$ radical-scavenging activity (85.62% at 1,000 ppm). At $80^{\circ}C$, the antioxidant activity of the 50% (v/v) ethanol extract was 8-20% higher than that of the water extract. Also, the chemical composition of extract from ethanol extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ was analyzed. The levels of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash were 6.38%, 4.35%, 0.67%, and 1.96%, (all w/w), respectively. The Na, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Ca, and P contents of the extract were 53.41, 398.26, 5.80, 0.40, 5.27, 3.56, and 47.17 mg/100 g, respectively. The total levels of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids in the ethanol extract were 64.73 mg GAE/g and 49.54 mg RE/g.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1440-1444
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• 2000

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of dietary vitamin and trace mineral (VTM) premixes on growth and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. A total of 112 pigs ($24.82{\pm}3.22kg$) were employed for 49 days (exp. 1), and 168 pigs ($21.64{\pm}1.41kg$) for 40 days (exp. 2) in completely randomized block designs. Treatments were: 1) 100%, 2) 150%, 3) 200% and 4) 250% NRC (1998) requirement of VTM in exp. 1, and the ratio of vitamins to trace minerals at 1) 100:100%, 2) 100:150%, 3) 150:100% and 4) 150:150% of NRC (1998) requirement in exp. 2. Basal diets for feeding trials were formulated to contain 3,310 kcal ME/kg and 18% crude protein, and contained 0.25% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker for digestibility trials. Increasing dietary VTM premix in growing pigs had linear and quadratic effects (p<0.05) on ADG, and feed conversion ratio was also improved (p<0.05) as VTM premix was increased by 150-250% of NRC (1998) requirements in exp. 1. Adding vitamin to trace mineral premixes at 150% NRC (1998) over the control improved (p<0.05) ADG and feed efficiency in growing pigs, but performances were not improved by vitamin nor by trace mineral premixes alone (p>0.15) (exp. 2). There were no differences (p>0.05) in the digestibilities of energy, crude protein and fat among dietary treatments. However, increasing dietary VTM premix in growing pigs had a linear effect (p<0.05) on the digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus. The 200 or 250% fed group showed improved (p<0.05) calcium digestibility, and 250% fed group also showed improved (p<0.05) phosphorus digestibility as compared to 100% or 150% fed group (exp. 1). The digestibilities of Ca and P were higher (p<0.05) in 150% addition of vitamins than in 150% addition of trace minerals in the diet (exp. 2).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.703-710
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• 2011

Enzymatic saccharification of corn stover using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Gloeophyllum trabeum and subsequent fermentation of the saccharification products to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli K011 were achieved. Prior to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production, solid-state fermentation was performed for four days on ground corn stover using either P. chrysosporium or G. trabeum to induce in situ cellulase production. During SSF with S. cerevisiae or E. coli, ethanol production was the highest on day 4 for all samples. For corn stover treated with P. chrysosporium, the conversion to ethanol was 2.29 g/100 g corn stover with S. cerevisiae as the fermenting organism, whereas for the sample inoculated with E. coli K011, the ethanol production was 4.14 g/100 g corn stover. Corn stover treated with G. trabeum showed a conversion 1.90 and 4.79 g/100 g corn stover with S. cerevisiae and E. coli K011 as the fermenting organisms, respectively. Other fermentation co-products, such as acetic acid and lactic acid, were also monitored. Acetic acid production ranged between 0.45 and 0.78 g/100 g corn stover, while no lactic acid production was detected throughout the 5 days of SSF. The results of our experiment suggest that it is possible to perform SSF of corn stover using P. chrysosporium, G. trabeum, S. cerevisiae and E. coli K011 for the production of fuel ethanol.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.717-724
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• 2020

Styela plicata are naturally-occurring marine resources easily found along the coastlines that have established their niche as functional food and nutraceuticals ingredient along with their increasing consumer demand. Ascidian contain a large amount of dietary fiber but only the meat has been utilized and consumed while the rest of its parts are discarded. Also, various studies have been conducted on the meat of ascidians while studies on the functionality of the ascidian tunics, which were mostly undervalued, were scarce. In this study, we investigated and explored the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contents in the tunics of S. plicata, and their potential use as functional ingredient in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Sulfated GAGs and uronic acids contents were 8.9-10.7 g/100 g and 9.4-11.3 g/100 g, respectively. Highest GAGs content was extracted with optimum Brix at 7-9. Extraction efficiency using hot water at 121℃ was 4.22% while enzyme extraction using Protamex was more efficient at 5.91%. GAGs extracted from S. plicata tunics exhibited collagenase inhibitory activity of 75.2% at 100 ㎍/mL and procollagen synthesis activity of 80.1% at 100 ㎍/mL.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the similarity between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) titers and sample to positive ratio (S/P ratio) of Newcastle disease(ND) virus. To perform this study, the 372 sera of broiler chicks and 120 sera of layers and breed chicks were collected from slaughter house and farms, respectively. As a result of HI test out of different chicks, the positive percentage of ND antibody titer of broiler, layer and breeder, when a standard positive HI titer were '2', was 84.4%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The positive percentage of ND antibody titer by ELISA was shown 38.4%, 100% and 100% and S/P ratio were also shown 81.5%, 98.2% and 99.2%, respectively. The results of comparative survey with same sera by two experimental methods were as follows; In low HI titer, ELISA titer was not similar to HI titer, but S/P ratio was similar to it. In high HI titer, ELISA titer was not similar to HI titer. Therefore, HI titer was more similar to S/P ratio than ELISA titer.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1998

The Leuconostoc paramesenteroides dominated at refrigeration temperature range was isolated from kimchi, and improved its growth properties by mutation for competitive growth against Lactobacillus plantarum at lower pH. It was found that the minimal pH for the wild type Leuconostoc paramesenteroides Pw growth was pH 4.5 adjusted with HCI and pH 5.0 adjusted with organic-mixture (lactic acid:acetic acid=1:2), respectively. The mutant P-100 could grow in pH 4.0, 4.5, respectively, in MRS broth. Two strains Pw and P-100 were added into kimchi as starter and compared the quality characteristics of kimchi. The total acceptability of Pw and P-100 inoculated kimchi were evaluated better than that of control kimchi (no starter added) by sensory test and extended the optimal pH range of kimchi up to about 2.2, 2.5 times, respectively. In kimchi added P-100, the succinic acid was more abundant than others and the total number of Lactobacillus plantarum was down about 2.5 times in contrast to control kimchi.