• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.532-539
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• 2015

Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation is the most important target for prevention of inflammatory bone resorption and bone diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of spinach ethanol extract on osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells. Spinach was extracted with ethanol at a concentration ranging from 0 to 100% (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% ethanol). Inhibitory effects of receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligan (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain assay. The most effective eanol concentration for osteoclast differentiation was 100%. Spinach extract (100% ethanol) suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and TRAP activity. Spinach extract (100% ethanol) also suppressed expression of osteoclast differentiation-related marker genes (NFATc1, c-FOS, cathepsin K, and TRAP) and down-regulated RANKL-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ and ERK phosphorylation during osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that spinach extract is effective against reducing osteoclast differentiation through the NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated pathway.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.119-128
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• 2019

Due to the nature of the 3D graphics processor system, many mathematical calculations are required and parallel processing research using GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is being performed for high-speed processing. In this paper, we propose a 3D graphics processor using MAMS, a parallel processor that does not use cache memory, to solve the GPU problem of increasing bandwidth caused by cache memory miss and the problem that 3D shader processing speed is not constant. The 3D graphics processor using MAMS proposed in this paper designed Vertex shader, Pixel shader, Tiling and Rasterizing structure using DirectX command analysis, the FPGA(Xilinx Virtex6@100MHz) board for MAMS was constructed and designed using Verilog. We compared the processing time of the developed FPGA (100Mhz) and nVidia GeForce GTX 660 (980Mhz), the processing time using GTX 660 was not constant and suing MAMS was constant.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1999

This study was conducted to compare the dry matter intake, the digestibility, and utilization of nitrogen and energy of Korean native goats, when fed on orchardgrass(OG) mixed with alfalfa(AA) at a different levels. Experimental diets include three treatments : OG 100%, OG 80%+AA 20%, and OG 60%+AA 40%. With increasing levels of AA supplementation, the content of CP was higher for AA supplemented diets than for OG 100% diets, while the content of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and lignin content were slightly lower for AA supplemented diets than for OG 100% diets. Also, the DM intake and the digestibility of DM, cellular constituents, NDF and ADF were higher for AA supplemented diets than for OG 100% diets, especially those were the highest in OG 60%+AA 40% diets(P<0.05). The apparently digested N, retained N and biological value of AA supplemented diets were increased with increasing levels of AA supplementation, compared with those of OG 100% diets(P<0.05). The utilization of DE and ME were slightly high in OG 60%+AA 40% diets, but there was no significant difference among all diets. According to the results, DM intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization were improved in goat fed diets with supplementation AA(AA 20%, 40%), compared with those of OG 100% diets. But energy utilization did not show the difference among diets. Hence, It needs to provides to the adequate energy sources to goats.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.175-180
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• 2005

This study was carried out to determine total contents of phenol and flavonoid in common and tartary buckwheat for the purpose of developing new kind of functional food with buckwheat materials. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in seeds of tartary buckwheat were higher than that of common buckwheat. It showed same tendency in groats and hulls. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in groats showed higher than hulls in tartary buckwheat while those of hulls was a little higher than groats in common buckwheat seed. Rutin content in common buckwheat was higher in odor of the hulls (25.2 mg/100 g)>dehulled seed(19.8 mg/100 g)>groats (12.8mg/100 g). But tartary buckwheat was higher in oder of the groats(2042.1 mg/100 g)>dehulled seed (1375.8 mg/100 g)>hulls(138.7 mg/100 g). Flavanol content in dehulled seeds of the tartary and common buckwheat did not show the difference. However, flavanol contents in leaf, stem and spouts of tartary buckwheat were respectively higher than in those of common. Among the flavanols, catechin content was highest in all plant parts of their buckwheat and also was higher in odor of epicatechin>epicatechingallate. However, epicatechingallate content in sprouts of both buckwheat species was about 30-40 times higher than seeds.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.8 s.350
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

In this paper, CMOS analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a 6-bit 100MSPS at 1.8V is described. The architecture of the proposed ADC is based on a folding type ADC using resistive interpolation technique for low power consumption. Further, the number of folding blocks (NFB) is decreased by half of them compared to the conventional ones. A moebius-band averaging technique is adopted at the proposed ADC to improve performance. With the clock speed of 100MSPS, the ADC achieves an effective resolution bandwidth (ERBW) of 50MHz, while consuming only 4.5mW of power. The measured result of figure-of-merit (FoM) is 0.93pJ/convstep. The INL and DNL are within ${\pm}0.5 LSB$, respectively. The active chip occupies an area of $0.28mm^2$ in 0.18um CMOS technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.372-372
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• 2010

We have investigated adsorption of selenophene on Si(100) at room temperature using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) in the partial electron yield (PEY) mode. The Si 2p, C 1s, Se 3d spectra of selenophene on Si(100) show that selenophene is nondissociatively chemisorbed on Si(100)-$2{\times}1$ through [2+2] cycloaddition. NEXAFS has been conducted to characterize the adsorption geometry of selenophene on Si(100). Since the $\pi^*$ orbital of C=C bond show good angular dependence in carbon K-edge NEXAFS spectra, the angle $53{\pm}5^{\circ}$ determined from NEXAFS spectra. This majority structure is consistent with the [2+2] cycloaddition of selenophene to the dimer of the Si(100)-$2{\times}1$ surface.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.343-347
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• 2007

Fe thin films exhibited (100) preferential orientation when they were deposited at low deposition rate of $0.1{\AA}/s$ on glass substrates by using facing target sputtering system. The (100) oriented Fe layer induces (100) orientation of Pt layer deposited on it owing to hetero-epitaxial growth. After annealing at $600^{\circ}C$ in $H_2$ atmosphere, FePt films exhibited f.c.t. (001) texture in the whole film caused by inter-diffusion between atoms. We have also confirmed that the homogeneously inter-diffused compositional modulation in the film after the annealing process. Furthermore, annealing process in $Ar+H_2$ atmosphere at $400^{\circ}C$ during Pt deposition was effective for attaining Pt (100) texture. The annealing process during Pt deposition also induced in low annealing temperature and decreased annealing time for attaining the FePt f.c.t. (001) structure.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2000

In this research the results showed that Evans blue stain causes vascular permeation at antibody injection site by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) screening of octpus minor so we concluded. Octopus minor causes allergy. Psedosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei, Metapenaeus joyneri also showed allergenicity. Microwave and autoclaving appeared to reduced allergenicity(up to 99%) during the technological treatment processing. On the other hand, UV light didn't seem to change the protein structure of allergens affect the allergenicity. Therefore, the technological treatment processing of fish such as canning and microwave would possibly reduce the allergenicity. Among the ultrafiltration fraction of Octopus minor, Pseudosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei and Metapenaeus joyneri, those fraction over 100,000 contained allergen and those under 100,000 and when screening allergenic fish went through 10,000~100,000 ultrafiltration, only the fraction of over 100,000 showed the anaphylactis activity for PCA. However whether screening fish would cause anaphylaxis in human or not is questionable. The future clinical experiment will verify this result with clinical experiment patients.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.62-68
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• 2010

This work proposes a 10b 100MS/s DAC based on a segmented local matching technique primarily for small chip area. The proposed DAC employing a segmented current-steering structure shows the required high linearity even with the small number of devices and demonstrates a fast settling behavior at resistive loads. The proposed segmented local matching technique reduces the number of current cells to be matched and the size of MOS transistors while a double-cascode topology of current cells achieves a high output impedance even with minimum sized devices. The prototype DAC implemented in a 0.13um CMOS technology occupies a die area of $0.13mm^2$ and drives a $50{\Omega}$ load resistor with a full-scale single output voltage of $1.0V_{p-p}$ at a 3.3V power supply. The measured DNL and INL are within 0.73LSB and 0.76LSB, respectively. The maximum measured SFDR is 58.6dB at a 100MS/s conversion rate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1982

Mutant strans of Salmonella typhimurium which require histidine for their growth sensitively, were easily revertant and lost the histidine requirement, when the strains contacted with some new mutagen. This work was carried out to determine the mutagenicity of kojic acid and emodin for the mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538. Through the metabolic activation with liver microsome enzyme system of rat (S-9), kojic acid was recognized as a strong mutagen for the strain of TA 98, while it responsed weakly for the strain of TA 100. Without S-9 metabolic activation, kojic acid could not induce the mutation for the both strains of TA 98 and TA 100. Emodin was also recogniged as a strong mutagen for the strain of TA 1537 through the metabolic activation with S-9 mix.