• Title/Summary/Keyword: anchovy

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Processing and Quality Characteristics of Rapidly Fermented Anchovy Engraulis japonicus Sauce with Radish Raphanus sativus L. (무(Raphanus sativus L.) 첨가 속성발효 멸치(Engraulis japonicus) 액젓의 제조 및 품질)

  • Oh, Kwang-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.417-424
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    • 2022
  • To develop a value-added anchovy Engraulis japonicus sauce, the processing conditions and quality characteristics of a rapidly fermented and high-purity anchovy sauce (RRAS) were examined by adding 5-10% (w/w) radish Raphanus sativus L. RRAS exhibited higher yield, total nitrogen content, and amino nitrogen and calcium contents as well as lower salinity than those of conventional anchovy sauce (control). The salinity, yield, and total amino acid contents of RRAS and control were 17.2-17.7% and 19.6%, 81.2-88.7% and 61.0%, and 13,117.8-14,174.9 mg/100 g and 10,041.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The major amino acids recorded were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, ornithine, lysine, and histidine. The histamine contents of RRAS and control were 8.3-8.6 mg/100 g and 19.2 mg/100 g, respectively, while the protease activity levels were 0.901-0.958 unit/mg and 0.695 unit/mg, respectively. Overall, this study establishes that RRAS can not only significantly shorten the salt fermentation period, but can also serve as an anchovy sauce with superior nutritional quality and higher levels of amino acid and calcium.

Effect of Fermented Anchovy Extracts on the N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-Induced Mutagenicities (멸치젓갈추출물이 돌연변이 유발에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Keun-Ok;Kang, Kap-Suk;Park, Kun-Young
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.1426-1432
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    • 2000
  • The effects of raw anchovy, salted raw anchovy (20% salt+anchovy), 6- and 12-month fermented anchovy (20% salt added) on the N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced mutagenicities were evaluated using Salmonella assay and the SOS chromotest. The methanol extracts from raw, salted and the fermented anchovy (FA) sample increased the revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 at the level of $0.125{\sim}5\;mg/plate$ in Ames test. The salted raw anchovy extract induced the largest number of the revertants. All the FA extracts had comutagenic effect on the MNNG. Twelve-month FA juice exerted the lowest comutagenic activity among the FA samples. The comutagenicity of 12-month FA was due to the synergistic effect of salt and histidine which teem in FA. Thus the Ames test using histidine requiring mutant, S. typhimurium, is not appropriate to determine the mutagenicity of FA which is rich in histidine. In SOS chromotest using E coli, raw, salted and fermented anchovy extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the absence of MNNG. The raw and fermented anchovy samples blocked the SOS response of E. coli PQ37 induced by MNNG, while raw salted anchovy increased the SOS induction factor. Twelve-month FA juice showed higher antimutagenic effects than 6-month FA samples (both solid and liquid). The ripened (12-month) FA along with raw anchovy in the SOS chromotest exhibited antimutagenic activity.

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Studies on the Processing of Rapid- and low Salt-Fermented Liquefaction of Anchovy(Engrulis japonica)(III) - Changes in ATP-related compounds, TMAO, TMA, Creatine, and Creatinine during Fermentation - (저식염 속성 멸치 발효액화물 가공에 관한 연구(III) - 숙성 중 ATP관련화합물, TMAO, TMA, creatine 및 creatinine 함량변화 -)

  • Park, Choon-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.482-495
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    • 2002
  • Changes in ATP and related compounds, TMAO, TMA, creatine and creatinine were analyzed to establish the processing conditions for rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy(Engrulis japonica) extracts during fermentation. Experimental sample A: chopped whole anchovy, adding 20% water, heating at $50^{\circ}C$ for 9 hrs and then adding 10% NaCl. Sample B: chopped whole anchovy, adding 20% water, heating at $50^{\circ}C$ for 9 hrs and then adding 13% NaCl. Sample C: chopped whole anchovy adding 13% NaCl. Sample D: whole anchovy adding 17% NaCl. ATP, ADP, AMP and IMP were broken down during fermentation period, while inosine and hypoxanthine or hypoxanthine were detected in each fermented liquefaction of anchovy. However the amounts of them were varied from collection to collection according to the pretreatment methods. Possibly ATP and their related compounds will not make a great contribution to the umami taste in fermented liquefaction of anchovy. The contents of TMAO were decreased during fermentation period, ranging from 3 to 15 mg/100g in the fermented liquefaction of anchovy after 180 days. The TMA contents were increased slowly during fermentation period, ranging from 60 to 114 mg/100g in the 180 days specimens, however their contents were varied from sample to sample. The contents of creatine and creatinine were increased during early fermentation period, and then they were decreased in the last period. As for distribution of nitrogen in the anchovy extracts, the contribution of creatine and creatinine to the extractive nitrogen was occupying 6.8, 5.7, 4.6 and 5.7% in the experimental sample A, B, C and D, respectively. The contribution of ATP and related compounds to the extractive nitrogen was occupying 2.1, 2.4, 2.2 and 2.7% in the experimental sample A, B, C and D, respectively. The contribution of TMAO and TMA to the extractive nitrogen was very low as they are occupying $0.7{\sim}1.2%$ in the four experimental samples.

Functionality of Low Molecular Weight Peptides of Acceleratedly Manufactured Anchovy Sauce with Bacillus subtilis JM3 Protease (Bacillus subtilis JM3 단백분해효소로 속성제조한 멸치액젓 저분자 peptide의 기능성)

  • Park, Jong-Hyuk;Kim, Young-Myoung;Kim, Dong-Soo;Kim, Sang-Moo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.827-832
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    • 2005
  • Bacillus subtilis JM3 protease from naturally fermented anchovy sauce was partially purified in 40-60% ammonium sulfate fraction. To accelerate fermentation of anchovy sauce, 2 and 4% crude B. subtilis JM3 proteases were added to 6 month-ripened anchovy sauce, and their hydrolysis degrees and amino-nitrogen contents were investigated at different storage times. Low molecular weight (LMW) peptide was purified by ultrafiltration ana gel permeation chromatography from anchovy sauce manufactured with B, subtilis JM3 protease. Anchovy sauces with 2 and 4% proteases increased hydrolysis rate by 27 and 32%, respectively. Amino-nitrogen contents of anchovy sauces fermented with 2 and 4% proteases were twofold higher than that of control. Control showed five peptide peaks on Bio-Rad P2 gel permeation chromatography spectrum, whereas anchovy sauces with 2 and 4% B. subtilis JM3 proteases showed six and seven peaks, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity was highest in peak 6 (43.75%) of anchovy sauce with 2% protease, followed by peak 5 (34.82%) of control. DPPH radical-scavenging effect was higher than 50% in all samples. Cytotoxicity was highest in peak 3 (44.12%) of control, fellowed by peak 5 (42.04%) of anchovy sauce with 4% protease.

Quality Properties of High Calcium Fish Paste Containing Anchovy (멸치를 함유한 고칼슘 어묵의 품질 특성)

  • Bae, Myung-Suk;Ha, Jung-Uk;Lee, Seung-Cheol
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.23 no.4 s.100
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    • pp.561-566
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    • 2007
  • Fish paste containing anchovy (FPA) was prepared, and its quality was evaluated by determining calcium content, color, textural properties, and sensory attributes. The calcium content of FPA increased with an increasing amount of anchovy powder. The anchovy powder in the FPA tended to decrease lightness (L), and redness (a), but increased yellowness (b) for the Hunter color values. All test samples of 3 mm thickness had good flexibility, and did not break even after a 4-fold increase in applied stress. The FPA containing 20% anchovy showed the highest values in strength, hardness, and adhesiveness. For overall acceptance in the sensory evaluation, the FPA containing 5% anchovy was not different than the non-added control. These results suggest that anchovy can be applied to fish paste products for the purpose of high quality and functionality.

Processing of Fermented and Powdered Anchovy Seasoning Material (발효형 멸치분말 조미료 소재의 제조)

  • JO Jin-Ho;OH Se-Wook;CHOI Jong-Geon
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.725-729
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    • 1999
  • In order to utilize large size anchor effectively, fermented and powdered anchovy seasoning for extractives was manufactured, Fermented anchovy saesoning was fabricated by adding $10\%$ koji of Aspergillus oryzae and mixing with $5\%$ Laminalia. The optimum fermentation temperature, humidity and time for manufacture of anchovy saesoning were $40^{\circ}C$, RH $80\%$ and 48 hrs, respectively. The amount of total free amino acids in anchovy seasoning with $5\%$ Lansinaria was 6,486.9 mg/100 g, while that of commercial product was 444.4 mg/100 g. The principal taste compounds in anchovy seasoning material were IMP and amino acids such as leucine, glutamic acid, histidine, alanine and valine. Extractive nitrogen and organoleptic quality of the extractives in anchovy seasoning packed in tea bag with air permeability, 100 $m^3/m^2/min$, were better than those of commercial product.

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Characteristics of Kimchi Added with Anchovy Sauce from Heat and Non-heat Treatments (가열 및 비가열 처리 액젓을 첨가하여 제조한 김치의 특성 비교)

  • Kang, Hyun-Woo
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.49-58
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    • 2013
  • The principal objective of this study was to understand the quality characteristics of kimchi added with anchovy sauce from heat and non-heat treatments. The kimchi made through such treatments contained 1.1% or 1.3% of salinity and 4.05 or 4.16 of pH. Generally, the kimchi with anchovy sauce from non-heat treatment contained higher Ca and Fe values than the one with anchovy sauce from heat treatment did. However, P, Zn, Na values were higher in the kimchi with anchovy sauce from heat treatment. Also, measurement of total-microbial, Lactobacillus sp. and Leuconostoc sp. from kimchi after filtration of anchovy sauce from heat treatment showed $5.2{\times}10^6$, $1.3{\times}10^8$, and $2.1{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL, respectively. In addition, kimchi after filtration of anchovy sauce from non-heat treatment showed $8.3{\times}10^6$, $2.5{\times}10^7$, and $1.6{\times}10^7$ CFU/mL, respectively. The present results help understand chemical compositions of kimchi and encourage its application for the food industry and cooking.

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마른간에 의한 염장멸치 (salted anchovy)의 숙성 중 성분변화

  • 심길보;주정미;김태진;최영준;조영제
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.105-106
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    • 2000
  • 염장멸치는 구미에서 제조되는 전통 발효식품의 하나로서 anchovy라 하여 애용하고 있다. 유럽인들은 염장멸치를 숙성시킨 다음 식품소재나 첨가물과 함께 갈아서 방에 발라먹는 anchovy paste, 숙성 후 fillet한 다음 올리브유나 면실유를 첨가하여 통조림으로 만들어 이용하고 있다. (중략)

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Food Organisms of Postlarvae of Japanese Anchovy (Engraulis japonica) in Kwangyang Bay (광양만 멸치(Engrauiils japonica) 후기자어의 먹이생물)

  • PARK Kwang Jae;CHA Seong Sig
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.247-252
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    • 1995
  • To investigate the food organisms of the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) during the first feeding stage, the gut contents of anchovy, captured in Kwangyang Bay at June 1990, were observed. Anchovies started to eat from 3.0mm (NL) after finishing to absorb the yolk. The food organisms were composed of copepod eggs and nauplii tintinnids, and etc. The major food organisms of the anchovy larvae of 3.0-3.8mm (NL) were copepod eggs and nauplii, whereas those of larvae longer than 3.8mm(NL) were only copepod nauplii.

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Sanitary Conditions of Sliced Squid Bokum and Anchovy Bokum Available in the Market (시중에 유통중인 오징어채볶음과 멸치볶음의 위생실태)

  • 서정희;김말남;정윤희;김규선
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.171-176
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    • 1996
  • Microbial distribution as well as content of salt and preservatives in side dishes was investigated by analyzing cell count of viable cells, coliform bacteria and food poisoning bacteria of sliced squid bokum and anchovy bokum, purchased at 17 different department stores and 2 different traditional market in Seoul, which are most preferred by many consumers to any other side dishes available in the market. 6.2$\times$103~1.2$\times$108 cells/g of viable cell was detected in 19 different samples of the sliced squid bokum, among which samples of the sliced squid bokum and 14 samples of the anchovy bokum contained 103~108 cells/g of coliform group. However food poisoning bacteria were not detected in all the samples tested. Salt content was 2.42~4.89 %w/w and 2.28~6.46 w/w for the sliced squid bokum and the anchovy bokum respectively. Analysis of preservatives by HPLC such as sorbic acid, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid and another 6 kinds of esters resulted that 1.0$\times$73.8 mg/100 g of sorbic acid was detected in the 19 samples of the sliced squid bokum, while only 6 samples of the 15 anchovy bokum samples contained sorbic acid.

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