• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.327-333
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• 2015

Background An anatomical analysis of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) and the surrounding structures might help in identifying effective measures to minimize complications. Here, we present a surgical technique based on an anatomical study that was successfully applied in clinical settings. Methods Using 13 hands from 8 formalin-fixed cadavers, we measured the TCL length and thickness, correlation between the distal wrist crease and the proximal end of the TCL, and distance between the distal end of the TCL and the palmar arch; the TCL cross sections and the thickest parts were also examined. Clinically, fasciotomy was performed on the relevant parts of 15 hands from 13 patients by making a minimally invasive incision on the distal wrist crease. Postoperatively, a two-point discrimination check was conducted in which the sensations of the first, second, and third fingertips and the palmar cutaneous branch injuries were monitored (average duration, 7 months). Results In the 13 cadaveric hands, the distal wrist crease and the proximal end of the TCL were placed in the same location. The average length of the TCL and the distance from the distal TCL to the superficial palmar arch were $35.30{\pm}2.59mm$ and $9.50{\pm}2.13mm$, respectively. The thickest part of the TCL was a region 25 mm distal to the distal wrist crease (average thickness, $4.00{\pm}0.57mm$). The 13 surgeries performed in the clinical settings yielded satisfactory results. Conclusions This peri-TCL anatomical study confirmed the safety of fasciotomy with a minimally invasive incision of the distal wrist crease. The clinical application of the technique indicated that the minimally invasive incision of the distal wrist crease was efficacious in the treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.169-179
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body and to qualitatively analyze coordination pattern of joints and segments during Sweep Shot movement in Ice Hockey, by utilizing coordination variables was angle vs. angle plots. By the utilization the three dimensional anatomical angle cinematography, the angles of individual joint and segment according to sweep shot in ice hockey. The subjects of this study were five professional ice hockey players. The reflective makers were attached on anatomical boundary line of body. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVIEW 6.1 graphical programming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and ice hockey stick were defined. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement and coordination pattern of trunk and Upper limb(shoulder-elbow, elbow-wrist linked system) showed important role of sweep shot in ice hockey. As the result of this paper, for the successful movement of sweep shot in ice hockey, it is most important role of coordination pattern of trunk-shoulder, shoulder-elbow and elbow-wrist. specially turnk movememt as a proximal segment. Coordination pattern of Upper Limb(upperarm-forearm-hand) of Sweep Shot movement in Ice Hockey that utilizes coordination variables seems to be one of useful research direction to understand basic control mechanisms of Ice hockey sweep shooting linked system skill. this study result showed flexion-extension, adduction-abduction and internal-external rotation of trunk are important role of power and shooting direction coordination pattern of upper Limb of Sweep Shot movement in Ice Hockey.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

Background Perforator mapping has been well described in the literature. Once the suprafascial plane is reached, the course of perforators is considered constant. However, the surgeon must be aware of whether an anastomosis exists between perforators superficially to the fascia, in order to choose the best vessel upon which to base the reconstruction. Our retrospective in vivo anatomical study of lower leg perforator flaps presents the first description of variations in the suprafascial path of perforators, which may influence preoperative flap design. Methods An anatomical study of lower limb perforators was performed on 46 nonconsecutive patients who were referred to our department from June 2012 to October 2018. Reconstruction with perforator-based propeller flaps was planned for each of the patients. In total, 72 perforators were preoperatively identified and surgically isolated. The suprafascial course of each perforator was reported. Results During suprafascial surgical exploration, branching patterns were observed in four perforators. These perforators had been classified as single vessels in the preoperative ultrasonographic analysis. However, after surgical dissection, distal converging branches were noted in two of them. Conclusions Our study is the first description in the literature of suprafascial converging perforators, which might constitute an obstacle to planned reconstruction procedures. Despite the accuracy of preoperative evaluations, anatomical variations were present. Knowledge of suprafascial perforator variations may help surgeons to choose the correct perforator upon which to base a planned flap.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.2-7
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes after open reduction and plate fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures between patients who achieved successful anatomical reduction and those who had a remaining fracture gap even after open reduction and plate fixation, and were thus treated with additional demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 consecutive patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using a locking compression plate for acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, and who underwent radiographic and clinical outcome evaluations at least 6 months postoperatively. The outcomes between those who achieved perfect anatomical reduction without remnant gap (n=32) and those who had a remaining fracture gap even after open reduction and plate fixation treated with additional DBM (n=24) were evaluated. Results: There were no differences in the use of lag screws or wiring and operation time (all p>0.05) between those with and without remnant gap. No difference in the average radiological union time and clinical outcomes (satisfaction and Constant score) was observed between the two groups (all p>0.05). However, significantly faster union time was observed for AO type A fracture compared with other types (p=0.012), and traffic accident showed association with worse clinical outcomes compared with other causes of injury. Conclusions: Surgical outcome of midshaft clavicle fracture was more affected by initial fracture type and event, and re-reduction and re-fixation of the fracture to obtain a perfect anatomical reduction spending time appears to be unnecessary if rigid fixation is achieved.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

Background: We analyzed the angle between the glenoid anterior surface and glenoid axis, the range of the glenoid apex and the location of the glenoid apex for assistance during shoulder surgery. Methods: Sixty-two patients underwent a computed tomography of the shoulder with a proximal humerus fracture. In the range of the glenoid apex, the ratios of the distribution of triangles with a Constant anterior and posterior area of the glenoid were measured. The location of glenoid apex was confirmed as the percentage of the position with respect to the upper part of the glenoid with the center of the part, analyzed the angle between the glenoid anterior surface and glenoid axis was measured. Results: The angle between the glenoid anterior surface and glenoid axis was $19.80^{\circ}{\pm}3.88^{\circ}$. The location of the glenoid apex is $60.36%{\pm}9.31%$, with the upper end of the glenoid as the reference. The range of the glenoid apex was $21.16%{\pm}4.98%$. When the height of the glenoid becomes smaller, the range of the glenoid apex tends to become larger (p=0.001) and the range of the glenoid apex becomes wider (p=0.001) as the glenoid width narrows. Conclusions: We believe the anatomical measurements of the glenoid will be helpful for a more accurate insertion in glenoid component. It is thought that more accurate insertion is possible if we can set other anatomical measurements using computed tomography imaging of the glenoid which can develop into the study of other anatomical measurements.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 2023

Although in counterpart, the sphenopalatine artery (SPA), has been well described in the medical literature, the sphenopalatine vein (SPV) has received scant attention. Therefore, the present anatomical study was performed. Additionally, we discuss the variations, embryology, and clinical significance of the SPV. Adult cadaveric specimens underwent dissection of the SPV. In addition, some specimens were submitted for histological analysis of this structure. The SPV was found to drain from the sphenoidal sinus and nasal septum. Small tributaries traveled through the nasal septum with the posterior septal branches of the SPA and nasopalatine nerve. The SPA and SPV were found to travel through the sphenopalatine foramen and another tributary was found to perforate the medial plate of the pterygoid process and to connect to the pterygoid venous plexus which traveled lateral to the medial plate of the pterygoid process. The vein traveled through the posterior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity with the posterior lateral nasal branches of the SPA and the lateral superior posterior nasal branches of the maxillary nerve. To our knowledge, this is the first anatomical study on the SPV in humans. Data on the SPV provides an improved anatomical understanding of the vascular network of the nasal cavity. Developing a more complete picture of the nasal cavity and its venous supply might help surgeons and clinicians better manage clinical entities such as posterior epistaxis, cavernous sinus infections, and perform endoscopic surgery with fewer complications.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-304
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• 1994

In order to estimate accurate originality of the important crude drugs, Gastrodia, Dendrobium, Bletilla and Cremastra spp. were investigated comparing their morphological, anatomical and physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial, antifungal activities. The results of the studies as follows: 1. In morphological and anatomical studies, Korean Gastrodia contained more mucilage duct and symbiotic fungi than imported Gastrodia. Korean Dendrobium contained starch grains but without starch grains in the imported Dendrobium from China enclosed with thicken silicified wall. The corm of Cremasta appendiculata contained raphides of bundles with mucilage while the bulbs of Tulipa edulis contained several various starch grains form. 2. In physiological and TLC analysis, crude drugs in Orchidaceae contained common constituents with fluorescence and much mucilage. 3. The EtOH extracts of Gastrodia, Dendrobium, Bletilla, Cremastra showed antibacterial activities against B. subtilis and E. coli (Dendrobium>Gastrodia>Bletilla>Cremastra). But, no antifungal activities against C. albicans, A. niger were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.903-912
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• 2016

Morphological and anatomical evaluation of grafted P. merkusii have been undertaken to obtain the information about compatible and incompatible symptoms of 18 years old grafts based on morphological observation and microscopic analysis. Samples of compatible and incompatible grafts were obtained from previous research conducted by the Silviculture Departement Team in 1994. Result showed that compatible grafts have normal stem form and secondary growth (diameter growth), but some abnormality symptoms like undulated pattern of annual growth rings, phloem thickening and abnormality resin ducts in inner and middle parts of the union area occurred. Incompatible ones showed abnormality of the stem form, cortex-bark necrosis and swelling in the union area. Microscopic observation showed abnormality of all parts of the union, undulated pattern of annual growth rings, phloem thickening, abnormal resin ducts, low numbers and discontinuity of vascular elements in the union area.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2012

Objectives: The quadrant theorem is a theorem proposed by C. M. Guzay in the field of functional, holistic dentistry. There are not much of scientific literature on the quadrant theorem. This study briefly reviewed basic concepts of quadrant theorem. Methods: A publication by Guzay and research articles were searched and reviewed. The quadrant theorem is depicted as a series of illustrations and accompanied explanations. Results: The primary concept of the quadrant theorem was presented in 1952. Based on geometric biophysics of the occlusion and related anatomical functions, physiological pivotal axis of the mandible is analyzed to occurs at the dens (the sub-atlas area). Composite muscular activity links the mandibular posture with C1-C2, which is then linked with the spinal posture. Twenty illustrations are progressively presented on the physiognomy, occlusion, and analysis of anatomical functions. The balanced distribution of the forces gives the durability of the functions in life. Conclusions: The quadrant theorem provides a functional linkage between the mandibular posture and the upper cervical vertebrae.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.102-106
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• 2001

Berberis aristata (family Berberidaceae), known as 'Daruharidra' in Ayurvedic system of medicine, is an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various systems of indigenous medicine. Being an important medicinal plant it is being adulterated and in the absence of any pharmacognostic information it is very difficult to check the adulteration. The present study was therefore, carried out to provide the requisite pharmacognostic details. Morphological, anatomical and phytochemical aspects of B. aristata were carried out. Diagnostic features of B. aristata root were identified and characterized from the above investigations and presented in the present communication. Some of the diagnostic features of the root drug noted from the anatomical study are patches of pericyclic fibre, pitted sclerieds, berberine containing cells and heterocyclic medullary rays. HPTLC analysis showed three distinct bands of which berberine was identified as the major constituents. The $R_f$. value of other bands was also calculated.