• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2011

This study was carried out to improve planting and use of landscape plants in Gangwon-do. The designated plants by schools and cities in Gangwon-do were surveyed and then compared with the planted trees on streets, public parks, schools, etc. in 2009. There were 45 tree species and 43 flower species designated as school trees and school flowers at 632 schools in Gangwon-do. The majority of school tree species were Juniperus chinensis, Pinus densiflora, Abies holophylla, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus thunbergii. The ratio of native species to exotic was 35:10. The majority of school flower species Rosa centifolia, Forsythia koreana, Zinnia elegans, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Rosa rugosa. The ratio of native species to the exotic was 22:21. There were 12 flower species and 7 tree species designated as city trees and city flowers in 18 cities and guns. The high frequency flower species were Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Forsythia koreana, Magnolia sieboldii, and Prunus armeniaca var. ansu. The high frequency tree species were Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis, and Taxus cuspidata. There were 87 woody landscape tree species planted, and a total of 619,835 landscape plants were planted in Youngseo region (western part of Gangwon-do) in 2009. The ratio of native species to exotic species was 56:31. The majority of landscape trees planted were Pinus densiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Prunus sargentii, Comus officinalis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata, Hibiscus syriacus, Forsythia koreana, Zellkova serrata, Acer triflorum, Rhododendron obutusum, and Ligustrum obtusifolium A in 2009. The ratio of native species to the exotic was 64:36. There were 77 woody landscape tree species planted, and a total of 914,668 landscape plants were planted in Youngdong region (eastern part of Gangwon-do) in 2009. The ratio of native species to exotic was 52:25. The major landscape trees planted were Pinus thunbergii, Rhododendron lateritium, Rhododendron schlippenenbachii, Hibiscus syriacus, Prunus yedoensis, Pinus densiflora, Syringa dilatata, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Rosa rugosa, Prunus sargentii, Rosa centifolia, Juniperus chinensis, Euonymus japonica, Forsythia koreana, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, and Chaenomeles sinensis. The results indicate that landscape plants need to be diverse in species in each region of Gangwon-do. Selection of suitable plants for each region and the use of native species need to be emphasized.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2006

Objectives: Health behaviors are related to each other, or they may be essentially dependent upon each other. Hence the overall health behaviors of a given population could be better described in terms of health lifestyle patterns. This paper tried to classify such patterns in a sample population and suggest the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of each groups. Methods: A sample population comprised of 2,775 adults who reported their health behaviors in a public health survey were classified according to their smoking, drinking, diet, and exercise related pattern of behaviors. Clustering analysis was used to classify them. Results: Six health lifestyle patterns were identified. Individuals in the passive lifestyle cluster (48.3%) had no active health promoting activities, but did avoid risk taking health behaviors. 24.8% of the sample (Health promoting lifestyle) had an overall healthy lifestyle. 13.5% of the sample were in the smoking cluster, and 8.4% were in the alcohol drinking cluster. The hedonic lifestyle (4.5%) was characterized by heavy smoking, alcohol drinking and poor diet and exercise. 0.7% of the sample (Smoking-Drinking lifestyle) had heavy smoking and drinking, but good diet and exercise. Each group could be characterized by sex, age, and income. Conclusions: A population sample of Seoul adults were successfully clustered into six health lifestyles. The socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were suggested for the characterization of the each health lifestyle groups. We can approach to a certain target population with specific strategy.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.57-82
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to suggest the measure for the improvement of job satisfaction and level of empowerment of sanatoriums' social workers by analyzing factors of empowerments' effect on the job satisfaction, and investigating level of empowerment and job satisfaction of social workers of sanatoriums for the elderly and the handicapped. The result of investigation and analysis on subjects of 420 social workers of sanatoriums for the elderly and the handicapped in Youngnam area for this is as follows: First, job characteristic that is empowerments' influence factor of sanatoriums' social workers is appeared in order of feedback, and function variety, and in organization characteristic is appeared in order of leadership, reward, and employee development. Second, level of empowerment that is recognized by sanatoriums' social workers is appeared a little higher than normal level and significance is appeared highest, and next are capability, self-determination ability, and influence. Third, features that showed significant difference with significance in general characteristic of sanatoriums' social workers were 'sex', 'marital status', and 'religion', and features that showed significant difference with capability were sex, age, marital status, academic background, and employment history. And features that showed significant difference with self-determination ability were sex, age, marital status, and employment history, and features that showed significant difference with influence were sex, age, employment history and types of facilities. Fourth, the whole average of job satisfaction of sanatoriums' social workers was 3.82 out of 5, which is generally high, features that showed significant difference statistically were age, marital status, academic background, employment history, and types of facilities. Thus, job satisfaction was appeared as high as 'more than age of thirty' in age, 'married' in marital status, 'under graduates of colleges' in academic background, and 'less than three years' in employment history. Fifth, as for factors that had influence on job satisfaction, the indirect effect with empowerment was appeared that had significant effect in organization characteristic, and had few effect in organization features. On these results, practical measures to increase job satisfaction of sanatoriums' social workers are as follows: First, political approach is required to standardize duty system(by various types of facilities and clients' characteristic) of social workers of sanatoriums for elderly and the handicapped, and help to do the role as professionals with giving better treatment and building self-respect by enough reward. Second, to suggest chances to perform the responsibility for the duty of the scenes by the regular supervision, establish regular supervision system of social workers of sanatoriums for the elderly and the handicapped, and the extension of duty to increase the functional varieties. Third, it is required to motivate to have self confidence for the work and to use potential ability with transforming leadership, and to have more chances of education for the self-development. To increase job satisfaction of sanatoriums' social workers who give direct services in sanatoriums for the elderly and the handicapped, more active and positive empowerment's level improvement is in need by improvement of empowerment for them.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.69-88
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the effects that the exchange relationship among employees engaged in the wedding industry in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam area exerted on job satisfaction and voluntary service intentions. For this purpose, a theoretical model was presented based on previous studies and the relationship among variables was analyzed based on the analysis results through a survey. There have recently been great difficulties in the whole wedding industry due to the global economic depression and the low birthrate. Moreover, it is hard to optimize the future business environment. In particular, the low birthrate has weakened the demand base of the wedding industry. As a result, it is expected that the competition among companies will be more fierce in the wedding industry. Employees' voluntary service intention become much more important to overcome difficulties in this industry. Employees' voluntary service intentions can be possible when their job satisfaction is achieved. Many studies report the result that this job satisfaction can naturally be achieved when the high quality exchange relationship among a leader, team members (co-workers) and customers is formed. It is viewed that employees' voluntary service intentions should be induced through job satisfaction to improve the profitability through the efficient operation and management of the system. A leader of the organization should make an effort to form the high-quality exchange relationship with members, support so that team members(coworkers) and other employees can get along together and the teamwork can be improved and induce them to improve a high level of service quality with friendly customer services. In spite of the significance of the study discussed above, there are the following limitations in this study. There is a limit to a certain extent in generalizing study conclusions because the study was limited to the Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam area. If practical surveys which full- and part-time employees are included in the composition of samples are conducted for wedding suppliers in the country in the future, the quality of study will be able to improve.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.231-249
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• 2014

We define $21^{st}$ century as an amalgamation of globalization and localization, or Glocalization. Additionally, due to the increasing supply of smart phones and wide usage of social networking services, the ability to utilize such global and regional information has increased a coperation's competitiveness in its market, and even the business models have evolved from the conventional "production and distribution" to E-commerce, through which either a direct or a non-direct transaction is possible. My hypothesis is that the ability to adapt to this trend is possible through transfer of learning, and consequently, this will have an impact on company's performance. Thus, this thesis analyzes the mid- to the long-term impact of such ability and environmental factors on the performance and technology innovation of Korean companies in China. Ultimately, this study intends to engender a basic foundation for a corporation's management strategy in China. Finally this research focuses on those Korean companies in China only and on the proof of influential factors' impact on technological innovation and technological innovation's impact on those corporations' future performances. Section I is an abstract and section II, the case examines the uniqueness and current status of Korean companies in China identifies the concept and the definition of influential factors such as education-orientation, technological innovation, and performance, and then scrutinizes each factors through a closer look at their past researches. Section III explains the thesis model, the survey's method and target, the thesis, variable factors, the content, and the method of analysis. In section IV, the thesis is proved based on the outcome of the survey. The result in Section V highlights the high comprehension of technological innovation: both education-orientation and technological innovation prove to have a positive (+) correlation with the performance. The vision on education orientation proves to have a positive (+) influence on technological innovation. The vision on education-orientation and technological innovation prove to have a positive (+) influence individually on company's performance.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.24-56
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of socio-demographic, organizational culture, organizational conflict and organizational commitment, and to examine the interrelation of influential factors in the organizational commitment. The data for this study were collected through a self-administrated survey with a structured questionnaire to 1,027 subjects from several medical doctor staff members, nursing staff members, administration staff members, pharmacist, and technical expert of eleven hospitals. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from July 29 to September 7, 2002. In this analysis frequency test, t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression were used. The main results of this research is as following; 1. According to socio-demographic characteristics the respondents' level of the organizational commitment was higher in a administration staff members than others, for males than females, and for employees aged more than forty, as working for longer time, and as higher level of the working position. 2. According to the organizational culture characteristics the progressive culture, affiliative culture, and task-focused culture among many types of organizational culture were moderately and positively correlated with the level of the organizational commitment while the hierarchical culture was negatively correlated. 3. According to the organizational conflict characteristics as the respondents who got less conflict experience in the organization, their level of the organizational commitment was higher. And, technical conflict experiences were expressed greater than hierarchical conflict experiences. 4. According to the job satisfaction characteristics as his or her satisfaction that is about the promotion, working itself, salary, and fellowship in the organizational was higher, the level of the organizational commitment was higher. The most important factor of the satisfactions was the fellowship among the respondents while the level of job satisfaction for the promotion and salary was average. 5. Overall, according to the result of Multiple Regression as older age and longer working hours, the level of the organizational commitment was higher and as a higher level of the satisfaction for the promotion, working itself, salary, and fellowship in the organization, it caused more effective factors for the organizational commitment. 6. According to the result of Multiple Regression for the doctor staff members in special hospitals rather than general hospitals the hierarchical culture and task focused culture was positively correlated with the satisfaction of working itself while hierarchical conflict factors in the organizational conflict characteristics was negatively correlated with the organizational commitment. For the nursing staff members the affiliative culture and the job satisfaction for the promotion, working itself, salary, and fellowship were positively correlated with the organizational commitment. For the administration staff members as the job satisfaction for the fellowship was positively correlated with the organizational commitment. For medical and pharmacy staff members as more working experience, correlation with the organizational commitment was positive. Besides, as he or she has a high perception of the affiliative culture, it caused statistically more effective factors for the organizational commitment. For the skill and technicians, male worker expressed greater organizational commitment in the organization than female worker. And also older age along with higher education also showed higher organizational commitment. Moreover, the job satisfaction for the fellowship was positively correlated with the organizational commitment. This study identified the major effective factors of the organizational commitment and analyzed the differences among the job category. In that respect, it is significant for the study to be able to provide a reference for managing hospital of industrial accident and organizational development. However, this study has a problem, which is not to identify a valuable model for examining the relationship between organizational factors such as organizational culture, conflict, satisfaction, and commitment. Therefore, further study is needed and strengthened in the field of organizational commitment for hospital for industrial accident.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2010

Purpose: The aims of this study are to evaluate psychological impact and quality of life according to the cancer diagnosis and mutation status in Korean families with BRCA mutations. Materials and Methods: Seventeen affected carriers (AC), 16 unaffected carriers (UC) and 13 healthy non carriers (NC) from 13 BRCA mutation families were included in the study. Outcomes were compared with regard to depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), optimism (Reevaluation of the Life Orientation test, LOT-R), knowledge of hereditary ovarian cancer, and quality of life (QoL) (SF-36v2 Health Survey, physical component score [PCS], mental component score [MCS]) among three groups. Result: Level of depression, optimism, and PCS were similar in AC, UC, and NC. Anxiety score was elevated in all three groups. MCS was significantly low in AC than in UC and NC (P=0.009, P=0.017). Knowledge of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer was high in AC than NC (P=0.001). MCS was significantly related to whether patient was affected by cancer (P=0.043) and has occupation (P=0.008) or not in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: From this cross sectional study, psychological adverse effect was not related to the carrier status of BRCA mutation. Elevated anxiety in BRCA family members was observed but, independent to affection and the type of genetic mutation. AC showed low mental QoL. Further effort to understand psychological impact and QoL of genetic testing in BRCA family members is required for follow-up in clinical aspects.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.129-142
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• 2014

Due to the increase of the aged population and population of the disabled today, there is a growing demand for rehabilitation medical instruments. Furthermore, there is a growing demand for evaluation indices for services that should be provided for uses of the rehabilitation medical instruments. In order to evaluate rehabilitation medical instrument designs in this study, the basic index for design evaluations shall be identified to search for assessment plans. Through this, new evaluation indices will be deduced through discussions and analysis of rehabilitation medical experts, biomedical engineers, and designers. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the existing design evaluation indices were collected and analyzed to construct 10 rehabilitation medical instrument design evaluation indices and 44 sub-evaluation items. These will be important evaluation standards for designing rehabilitation medical instruments in the future. Second, the design evaluation indices that must be taken into consideration when developing health care rehabilitation medical instruments are the 10 design evaluation indices of usability, cognition, safety, learning, motility, durability, economic feasibility, space, aesthetics and environmental aspects. Third, design evaluation indices of environment, space, cognition, usability, economic feasibility and aesthetics are indices that must be taken into consideration for product design, while learning, safety, motility and durability are factors that must be given special consideration for rehabilitation medical instrument design evaluation indices. Fourth, if existing product design evaluation indices placed importance on environment, space, cognition, usability, economic feasibility and aesthetics of products for design evaluation indices, rehabilitation medical instrument design evaluation indices placed importance on learning, safety, motility and durability on top of usability and economic feasibility, which are the differences between the design evaluation indices of rehabilitation medical instrument and other product designs. The 10 rehabilitation medical device design evaluation indices and 44 sub-evaluation items were carried out in this study. This research is only on the overall rehabilitation medical device design evaluation indices. In future research, the evaluation indices will be applied in the actual rehabilitation medical design device through production of prototypes, while making revisions and supplementations where necessary.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

The Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea now operates a system called Rice Variety Selection Tests (RVST), which are now being implemented in eight Agricultural Research and Extension Services located in eight province RVST's objective is to provide accurate yield estimates and to select well-adapted varieties to each province. Systematic evaluation of entries included in RVST is a highly important task to select the best-adapted varieties to specific location and to observe the performance of entries across a wide range of test sites within a region. The rice yield data in RVST for ordinary transplanting in Kangwon province during 1997-2000 were analyzed. The experiments were carried out in three replications of a random complete block design with eleven entries across five locations. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model was employed to examine the interaction between genotype and environment (G$\times$E) in the biplot form. It was found that genotype variability was as high as 66％, followed by G$\times$E interaction variability, 21％, and variability by environment, 13％. G$\times$E interaction was partitioned into two significant (P＜0.05) principal components. Pattern analysis was used for interpretation on G$\times$E interaction and adaptibility. Major determinants among the meteorological factors on G$\times$E matrix were canopy minimum temperature, minimum relative humidity, sunshine hours, precipitation and mean cloud amount. Odaebyeo, Obongbyeo and Jinbubyeo were relatively stable varieties in all the regions. Furthermore, the most adapted varieties in each region, in terms of productivity, were evaluated.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2015

As the Internet becomes ubiquitous, a large volume of information is posted on the Internet with exponential growth every day. Accordingly, it is not unusual that investors in stock markets gather and compile firm-specific or market-wide information through online searches. Importantly, it becomes easier for investors to acquire value-relevant information for their investment decision with the help of powerful search tools on the Internet. Our study examines whether or not the Internet helps investors assess a firm's value better by using firm-level data over long periods spanning from January 2004 to December 2013. To this end, we construct weekly-based search volume for information technology (IT) services firms on the Internet. We limit our focus to IT firms since they are often equipped with intangible assets and relatively less recognized to the public which makes them hard-to measure. To obtain the information on those firms, investors are more likely to consult the Internet and use the information to appreciate the firms more accurately and eventually improve their investment decisions. Prior studies have shown that changes in search volumes can reflect the various aspects of the complex human behaviors and forecast near-term values of economic indicators, including automobile sales, unemployment claims, and etc. Moreover, search volume of firm names or stock ticker symbols has been used as a direct proxy of individual investors' attention in financial markets since, different from indirect measures such as turnover and extreme returns, they can reveal and quantify the interest of investors in an objective way. Following this line of research, this study aims to gauge whether the information retrieved from the Internet is value relevant in assessing a firm. We also use search volume for analysis but, distinguished from prior studies, explore its impact on return comovements with market returns. Given that a firm's returns tend to comove with market returns excessively when investors are less informed about the firm, we empirically test the value of information by examining the association between Internet searches and the extent to which a firm's returns comove. Our results show that Internet searches are negatively associated with return comovements as expected. When sample is split by the size of firms, the impact of Internet searches on return comovements is shown to be greater for large firms than small ones. Interestingly, we find a greater impact of Internet searches on return comovements for years from 2009 to 2013 than earlier years possibly due to more aggressive and informative exploit of Internet searches in obtaining financial information. We also complement our analyses by examining the association between return volatility and Internet search volumes. If Internet searches capture investors' attention associated with a change in firm-specific fundamentals such as new product releases, stock splits and so on, a firm's return volatility is likely to increase while search results can provide value-relevant information to investors. Our results suggest that in general, an increase in the volume of Internet searches is not positively associated with return volatility. However, we find a positive association between Internet searches and return volatility when the sample is limited to larger firms. A stronger result from larger firms implies that investors still pay less attention to the information obtained from Internet searches for small firms while the information is value relevant in assessing stock values. However, we do find any systematic differences in the magnitude of Internet searches impact on return volatility by time periods. Taken together, our results shed new light on the value of information searched from the Internet in assessing stock values. Given the informational role of the Internet in stock markets, we believe the results would guide investors to exploit Internet search tools to be better informed, as a result improving their investment decisions.