• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.705-712
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to assess the zinc and copper nutritional status of 102 college women by measuring zinc and copper intake, hematological parameters of zinc and copper, hair zinc and urinary excretion of zinc and copper. The mean zinc intake was 5.5mg(45.8% RDA) with food analysis and 4.5mg(37.8% RDA) with computation from food composition table. The copper intake with food analysis was 2.3mg and 1.2mg with computation. Mean serum zinc concentration was 77.02ug/dl and the proportion of subjects with zinc deficiency estimated by serum zinc(<70ug/dl)was 23.0%. Mean serum copper concentration was 121.80ug/dl and 4.1% of subjects showed serum copper less than 70ug/dl, The mean ceruloplasmin concentration was 22.63mg/dl and the proportion of subjects whose ceruloplasmin was lower than 18-40mg/dl was 6.6%. The mean hair zinc of subjects was 143.8ppm and the mean hair copper was 11.2ppm. The mean urinary excretion of zinc was 0.43mg/day and the proportion of subjects with marginal deficiency estimated by urinary zinc excretion( <0.3mg/day) was 23.3%. The mean urinary copper excretion was 0.044mg/day which was within the normal range(0.01-0.06mg/day). Assessing by zinc content in hair, urine and serum, 22.9-23.3% of college women had bordeline zinc deficiency or zinc deficiency. Whereas 4.1-6.6% of college women was assessed copper deficiency estimated by serum copper and ceruloplasmin.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.936-946
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• 2009

그래프 컷(graph cuts) 방법은 주어진 사전정보와 각 픽셀간의 유사도를 나타내는 데이터 항(data term)과 이웃하는 픽셀간의 유사도를 나타내는 스무드 항(smoothness term)으로 구성된 에너지 함수를 전역적으로 최소화하는 방법으로, 최근 영상 분할에 많이 이용되고 있다. 기존 그래프 컷 기반의 영상 분할 방법에서 데이터 항을 설정하기 위해 GMM(Gaussian mixture model)을 주로 이용하였으며, 평균과 공분산을 각 클래스를 위한 사전정보로 이용하였다. 이 때문에 클래스의 모양이 초구(hyper-sphere) 또는 초타원(hyper-ellipsoid)일 때만 좋은 성능을 보이는 단점이 있다. 다양한 클래스의 모양에서 좋은 성능을 보이기 위해, 본 논문에서는 mean shift 분석 방법을 이용한 그래프 컷 기반의 자동 영상분할 방법을 제안한다. 데이터 항을 설정하기 위해 $L^*u^*{\upsilon}^*$ 색상공간에서 임의로 선택된 초기 mean으로부터 밀도가 높은 지역인 모드(mode)로 이동하는 mean의 집합들을 사전정보로 이용한다. Mean shift 분석 방법은 군집화에서 좋은 성능을 보이지만, 오랜 수행시간이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 특징공간을 3차원 격자로 변형하였으며, mean의 이동은 격자에서 모든 픽셀이 아닌 3차원 윈도우내의 1차원 모멘트(moment)를 이용한다. 실험에서 GMM을 이용한 그래프 컷 기반의 영상분할 방법과 최근 많이 이용되고 있는 mean shift와 normalized cut기반의 영상분할 방법을 제안된 방법과 비교하였으며, Berkeley dataset을 기반으로 앞의 세 가지 방법보다 좋은 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2018

Climate is one of most important environmental factors on the forest ecosystem. This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of meteorological factors in the forest area and weather stations from July 2015 to June 2016 in Cheuncheon and Hongcheon of Kangwon Province in Korea. The HOBO data logger was installed for meteorological analysis in forests area (site 1 and site 2). The meteorological data from the HOBO data logger compared with meteorological data of the weather station. The meteorological data used for the analysis was monthly mean temperature ($^{\circ}C$), monthly mean minimum temperature ($^{\circ}C$), monthly mean maximum average temperature ($^{\circ}C$), and monthly mean relative humidity (%). As a result of this study, the mean temperature ($^{\circ}C$) of forest area was relatively lower than weather station which is the outside the forest area, and the mean maximum temperature ($^{\circ}C$) of weather station was relatively higher than that of forest area. The mean relative humidity (%) was higher in forest area than weather station.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2023

A cross sectional survey method was used to determine the utilization of e-resources and their influence on the reading culture of 119 undergraduate students registered with the JD Amin library of Federal University Dutse. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive (frequency counts and means) and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The research found that databases (mean=4.00) and e-journal (mean=4.00) are available to the undergraduate students. It further found that e-resources are often utilized by the undergraduate student, with social media (mean=4.00), databases (mean=4.00) and e-journal (mean=4.00). the most commonly used e-resources. It was also found that erratic power supply (mean=3.91) and inability to seek, obtain and evaluate information (mean=3.67) are the prominent factors hindering the utilization of e-resources. The regression analysis rejected the null hypotheses of the study where it shows that the level of utilization of e-resources have positive statistical correlation (r=0.772) with the reading culture of undergraduate students. The study proposed a conceptual model for the sustainable reading culture of students by libraries providing of e-resources. The general conclusion of the research is that e-resources are necessary tools and are moderately available and adequately utilized for influencing reading culture. The study recommended that Internet facilities should be made available to undergraduate students to facilitate more utilization of e-resources.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2005

K-means clustering has been widely used in many applications, such that pattern analysis, data analysis, market research and so on. It can identify dense and sparse regions among data attributes or object attributes. But k-means algorithm requires many hours to get k clusters, because it is more primitive and explorative. In this paper we propose a new method of k-means clustering using the grid-based representative value(arithmetic and trimmed mean) for sample. It is more fast than any traditional clustering method and maintains its accuracy.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

PURPOSES : Pavement textures can be categorized into four according to wavelength: microtexture, macrotexture, megatexture (roads), and roughness. Pavement surface texture influences a number of aspects of tire-pavement interaction such as wet-weather friction, tire-pavement noise, splash, spray, tire-wear, and rolling resistance. In particular, macrotexture is the pavement surface characteristic that considerably impacts tire-pavement noise. In general, it can be demonstrated that tire-pavement noise increases with the increase of texture depth and wavelength. Recently, mean profile depth (MPD) and wavelength have been used to evaluate tire-pavement noise. This study aimed to identify the relationship between mean profile depth and average wavelength for asphalt pavement based on the information obtained on a number of asphalt pavement sections. METHODS : Profile data were collected from a number of expressway sections in Korea. In addition, mean profile depth and average wavelength were calculated by using this profile data. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlationship between mean profile depth and average wavelength. RESULTS:This study demonstrates a linear relationship between mean profile depth and average wavelength for asphalt concrete pavement. CONCLUSIONS :The strong relationship between mean profile depth and average wavelength of asphalt pavement was determined in this study.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.789-798
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• 2000

The mean residual function is the expected remaining life of an item at age x. The problem of trend change in the mean residual life is great interest in the reliability and survival analysis. In this paper, we develop a family of test statistics for testing whether or not the mean residual life changes its trend. The asymptotic normality of the test statistics is established. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to study the performance of our test statistics.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.673-685
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• 2018

Procrustes analysis is a useful technique useful to measure, compare shape differences and estimate a mean shape for objects; however it is based on a least squares criterion and is affected by some outliers. Therefore, we propose two generalized Procrustes analysis methods based on M-estimation and least median of squares estimation that are resistant to object outliers. In addition, two algorithms are given for practical implementation. A simulation study and some examples are used to examine and compared the performances of the algorithms with the least square method. Moreover since these resistant GPA methods are available for higher dimensions, we need some methods to visualize the objects and mean shape effectively. Also since we have concentrated on resistant fitting methods without considering shape distributions, we wish to shape analysis not be sensitive to particular model.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA (Nursing Child Assessment Sleep/Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the first 6 months Korean infants' lives and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of early infants. The subjects of this study were 94 normal infants from birth to 6 months of age who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in Pusan from February 1 to April 28, 2000. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage and ANOVA, Post Hoc test by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 8.06 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 6.31 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 14.37 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 5.20 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 25.84%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 77.69%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 42.60%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 2.33 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime activity was 8.25 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 1.39 hours. The mean amount of daily total activity was 9.64 hours. The mean of the longest activity period was 3.80 hours The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.69 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.08 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 7.74 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 54.62%. The mean frequency of wakenings was 5.14 times. The mean frequency of crying was 1.90 times. 3. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime sleep(p<.001), amount of night time sleep(p<.05), amount of total daily sleep (p<.001), longest sleep period(p<.001), regularity of daytime sleep(p<.001), regularity of nighttime sleep(p<.01), regularity of total daily sleep(p<.001), frequency of nighttime wakenings(p<.001). 4. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime activity(p<.001), amount of nighttime activity(p<.01), amount of total daily activity(p<.001), longest activity period(p<.05), frequency of nighttime feeding(p<.01), frequency of wakenings(p<.001). 5. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.30 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.70 hours. In conclusion, the initial irregular sleeping and activity patterns of the early infant became regurized as the infant grew older and estabilished firmer patterns of sleeping and of activity.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to assess the effect of variables influencing Korean baby-boomers' welfare consciousness. For this purpose, data from the $8^{th}$ supplementary survey of the Korea Welfare Panel in 2013 were analyzed. The subjects of analysis were 2,035 people who were born between 1955 and 1965 whose welfare panel data did not have missing values for the variables of the research model. According to the results of analysis, first, when the descriptive statistics of the major variables were analyzed, those showing a relatively high mean score among the sub-factors of the baby-boomers' welfare consciousness were 'expansion of expenditure for public assistance' (mean 3.65, SD .557), 'expansion of expenditure for social insurance' (mean 3.53, SD .646), and 'expansion of expenditure for social services' (mean 3.26, SD .424). The mean score of the baby-boomers' overall welfare consciousness was relatively high as 3.45 (SD .428), advocating the expansion of welfare expenditure. Second, the independent variables influencing the baby-boomers' welfare consciousness was found to have explanatory power of 12.9%. In the results of regression analysis, variables found to have a significant effect were gender (B=.100, t=2.573, p<.01), personal responsibility for poverty (B=-.151, t=-3.635, p<.01), social responsibility for poverty (B=.149, t=3.437, p<.001), and recipient's laziness (B=.251, t=6.578, p<.001). Based on these results were discussed major relevant policies.