• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.4D
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• pp.351-360
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• 2010

In 2010, the number of registered vehicles reached almost at 17.48 millions in Korea. This dramatic increase of vehicles influenced to increase the number of traffic accidents which is one of the serious social problems and also to soar the personal and economic losses in Korea. Through this research, an enhanced intersection hazard prediction model by combining Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network will be developed in order to obtain the important data for developing the countermeasures of traffic accidents and eventually to reduce the traffic accidents in Korea. Firstly, this research has investigated the influencing factors of road geometric features on the traffic volume of each approaching for the intersections where traffic accidents and congestions frequently take place and, a linear regression model of traffic accidents and traffic conflicts were developed by examining the relationship between traffic accidents and traffic conflicts through the statistical significance tests. Secondly, this research also developed an intersection hazard prediction model by combining Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network through applying the intersection traffic volume, the road geometric features and the specific variables of traffic conflicts. Lastly, this research found out that the developed model is better than the existed forecasting models in terms of the reliability and accuracy by comparing the actual number of traffic accidents and the predicted number of accidents from the developed model. In conclusion, it is expect that the cost/effectiveness of any traffic safety improvement projects can be maximized if this developed intersection hazard prediction model by combining Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network use practically at field in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 2023

Korea is not only surrounded by the sea on three sides, but also has national and local rivers extending 26,843 km, so it has a geographical feature in which abundant sea and inland water surface coexist. As the number of ships operating in the inland waters is continuously increasing due to the improvement of national income, the risk of ship accidents and human casualties in the inland waters is also increasing. In this study, a macroscopic plan for the safety management of inland water ships was presented through investigation of inland water related laws and operation status analysis. As an improvement plan, as a hardware infrastructure it is proposed to secure sufficient inland water fire-boats to secure the golden time for early response to accidents and lifesaving, and to operate an institution specializing in the prevention of inland water ships accidents. And as a software infrastructure, establish departure control standards for inland water ships and the safety diagnosis system currently applied only to sea going ships, the introduction of a system tailored to the characteristics of inland water ships. The proposed inland water safety management policy is expected to contribute to the preparation of prompt and systematic countermeasures in the event of an inland water ship accident, and it is hoped that it will serve as an opportunity to continue to pay attention to safety-related research on inland water ships, which was briefly activated after the sinking of M/V Sewol.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to enhance the safety and care of mental health for seafarer working in passenger ship workspaces. Brightness, color values, and color distribution were investigated with issues and improvement ways identified through seafarers' interviews. Firstly, previous studies, references, current policy, regulations, and accident case studies were reviewed. Color compositions of wheelhouse and engine room of M Ship were then surveyed in the field. Color values of each space were analyzed using a colorimeter. Colormeter analysis of brightness and color measurements in the wheelhouse and engine areas indicated that ceilings, walls, and floors were generally dark, with the engine area being very dark. Regarding color, green and blue were distributed in the ceiling of the wheelhouse and engine area, while red and blue were in the walls and floors of the wheelhouse and engine area. According to interviews with seafarers currently working at engine rooms, they responded about their experience of near miss incidents due to a decrepit indoor environment, a dark working environment, slippery and bright flooring, and stairs that were not suitable for domestic users. Thus, when installing lighting in the future, the brightness of the space should be improved by distinguishing between night and day. A lighting plan considering the location of lighting, level of shadow formation and contrast, reflectance of the facility, glare, color of light, floor color plan, and material selection is needed. A facility design suitable for domestic users is also needed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

In forest work, working conditions are very hard to improve. The proper distribution of work time and good posture is believed to bring about direct improvements such as accident prevention. On this, this study has analyzed forest workers' posture and their working hours in order to improve their working conditions in stone channel work. Authors has chosen several core elements of stone channel work to focus on, which include stone masonry, excavation of bed, moving stone, directing work, choosing stone, and breaking stone. The ratio of real working time over total working time was shown as 84.6%. As for the time ratio of each elemental work over the real working time, the stone masonry was 60.4%, the directing work was 15.1%, moving stone was 12.1%, choosing stone was 7.1%, breaking stone was 3.3%, and excavation of bed was 2.0%. According to the analytical results provided by OWAS, the ratio of category III (Work posture has a distinctly harmful effect on the musculoskeletal system) has shown that moving stone turned out 65.2%, choosing stone was 61.5%, stone masonry was 46.1%, breaking stone was 14.3%, excavation of bed was 12.5% and directing work was 6.8%. Furthermore, the ratio of category IV (Work posture with an extremely harmful effect on the musculoskeletal system) has shown that excavation of bed turned out 37.5%, breaking stone was 28.6%, stone masonry was 27.3%, choosing stone was 7.7%, moving stone was 6.1% and directing working was 4.5%. These results are expected to be utilized for the improvement with respect to both working methods in the stone channel work and the workers' working posture.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2016

Cooperative-Intelligent Transport Systems (c-ITS) has emphasized a real-time traffic safety service in urgent situations among highway infrastructure and four-wheeled vehicles, while two-wheeled vehicles, e.g. bicycles and motorcycle, sharing highway space and endangering highway safety, have yet been out of its interest. This paper delivers the results of a study conducted to analyze the patterns of two-wheeled-vehicle traffic accidents experienced in the past, the last three years (2011~2013), and to propose the types of service enhancing the safety of the riders of those. It was found from the analysis of historical accident data that the side collision on a link section should be taken care of for further safety treatment, while the old female drivers need additional care to decrease their fatality rate. By combining the services proposed for bicycles and motorcycles, this paper proposes (1) eight different bicycle-to-everything (B2X) services which can be eventually provided in c-ITS and (2) three of those that would be available in the near future with the current communication technologies.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.142-170
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate dizziness of Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ and Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$. Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ containing the dizziness and analysis of Yang, Ma, Zhang, Wang etc. We drew a parallel between dizziness from Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Dizziness in Ok Ki Jin Jiang Ron <玉機眞藏論> and Pyo Bon Byeong Jeon Ron <標本病傳論> had relation to liver and was similar to dizziness caused by tension, hypertension, anemia and cerebrovascular accident etc. in western medicine. 2. Dizziness in Ja Yeol<刺熱>, O Sa<五邪> and Hai Ron<海論> had relation to kidney and was similar to dizziness caused by aging and peripheral vertigo concurrent with tinnitus and difficulty in hearing in western medicine. 3. Dizziness in O Sa<五邪> had relation to heart(pericardium) and was similar to dizziness caused by cardiac output loss and psychogenic dizziness in western medicine. 4. In Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ the main etiology of dizziness was infirmity(虛), which were Qi(氣) of the upper portion of the body being insufficient(上氣不足), blood depletion(血枯), deficiency of marrow-reservoir(髓海不足) etc. 5. In Dae Hok Ron<大惑論> etiology and pathogenesis of dizziness were mentioned and dizziness was similar to dizziness caused by eye disorder, psychogenic dizziness and central dizziness in western medicine. 6. In Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ the meridian of acupuncture points which was used much for dizziness was Bladder Meridian. Aqupunture points used in treatment of dizziness were Ch'onju(天柱), Kollyun(崑崙), Taejo, Chok-t'ongkok(足通谷) etc. Conclusion : We found out etiology, pathogenesis, treatments of dizziness in Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$. Further we compared with western medicine to develop better understanding of dizziness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.65-74
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• 2007

Vehicle inspection is a system to help all vehicles function safely through periodic maintenance. Vehicle inspections have been performed since 1962 in Korea by the government in order to reduce traffic accidents due to vehicle defects. Also, vehicle inspections may help protect citizens against uninsured vehicles and illegal vehicle remodeling by discovering and disclosing those vehicles. The prime objective of vehicle inspection is to guarantee all vehicles drive safely on the road by inspecting and fixing items which can affect traffic accidents. In addition, vehicle inspections may help to improve the public order related to vehicle operations and prevent crime through the confirmation of vehicle identity and authentication of ownership. Although there are many benefits of vehicle inspection. there are some negative opinions of the system. In this study, a methodology to analyze the effectiveness of the vehicle inspection system quantitatively in terms of traffic safety was developed. According to the developed methodology. accidents were reduced by 23.735, which is 11% of the total number of accidents in 2005.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2009

Since the introduction of 32 Automated Speed Enforcement System in Korea 1997, their application was expanded to the entire nation and, as of January 2008, there are 3,212 Automated Speed Enforcement System that are in operation. The existing method of evaluating the effects of the Automated Speed Enforcement System application is simple comparison of a year before and a year after the application. If the number of traffic accidents dramatically increased(or decreased) the year before the application compared to the numbers from years before that, then if the number decreased(or increased) after the Automated Speed Enforcement System application, it cannot be concluded that the change was caused by the Automated Speed Enforcement System application alone. Based on the 4-Step Before-After study, the method of evaluating the effect of an Automated Speed Enforcement System application was analyzed anew. At 205 locations where Automated Speed Enforcement System was applied in 2006, the existing evaluation stated a reduction of 19% in the number of traffic accidents, but when reanalyzed for the method suggested in this paper, the effect of the Automated Speed Enforcement System was found to be $27.4{\pm}3$, along with an error range of ${\pm}12.89%$ due to miscellaneous improvement.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-123
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• 1998

The related factors of the quality of life (QOL) in stroke patients was identified empirically. The subjects were 254 stroke patients who were discharged and taken follow-up care at the outpatient department. In this model, the physical, psychological, and social status were assumed to affect the QOL. And the social support was assumed to moderate these effects. NIH stroke state, ADL, and IADL were used to measure the physical status. Using CES-D, the psychological status was measured. The social status was defined as the job change after stroke attack. The satisfaction with the care by primary caregivers, significant others, and health professionals was measured as the social support. To identify the effect of the physical, psychological, and social status on the QOL, multiple regression analysis was carried out. The psychological and social status were found to be the significant predictors of the QOL(R2=0.27, p=0.00). Next, to identify the moderating effect of the social support, the subjects were divided into two groups, that is, the low social support group and the high social support group. It is found that the predicting variance is different between these two groups. In the low social support group, the psychological, social, and physical status predicted as much as 42% of the QOL. On the contrary, the psychological status predicted only 8% of the QOL in the high social support group. So it is concluded that the social support moderates the effects of the physical, psychological, and social status on QOL. Finally, to identify the social support which moderates those effects, the social support was divided into three classes. Each social support class was divided into the low and high social support group again. In the every class of social support, the difference between two groups was also identified. So the model of the QOL is recommended for the framework of the care for the stroke patients. Also these results support the claim that the long-term facilities for stroke patients are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.22-28
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• 2020

In this study, quantitative risk assessment was carried out for city gas high-pressure pipelines crossing through urban rivers. The risk assessment was performed based on actual city gas properties, traffic volume and population and weather data in the worst case scenario conditions. The results confirmed that the social and individual risks were located in conditionally acceptable areas. This can be judged to be safer considering that the risk mitigation effect of protecting the pipes or installing them in the protective structure at the time of the construction of the river buried pipe is not reflected in the result of the risk assessment. Also, SAFETI v8.22 was used to analyze the effects of wind speed and pasquil stability on the accident damage and dispersion distances caused by radiation. As a result of the risk assessment, the safety of the pipelines has been secured to date, but suggests ways to improve safety by preventing unexpected accidents including river bed changes through periodic inspections and monitoring.