• 제목/요약/키워드: anaerobic ciliates

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First Records of Two Bothrostoma Species (Ciliophora: Armophorea: Metopidae) from Korea

  • Quoc Dung Nguyen;Mann Kyoon Shin
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.323-331
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    • 2024
  • This study focuses on the diversity of ciliates inhabiting the oxygen-depleted conditions in freshwater ponds in Korea. We identified two species, Bothrostoma nasutum (Cunha, 1915) Jankowski, 1964 and B. undulans Stokes, 1887, for the first time in Korea. Their morphological characteristics were determined based on observations of both live and protargol-impregnated specimens. Bothrostoma nasutum is characterized by body size 70-85×25-35 ㎛ in vivo, body shape elongated ellipsoidal, anterior end extended as a proboscis; total 22-29 somatic kineties (including 7-8 postoral kineties), cortical granules arranged in 5 or 6 short, oblique rows; and 19-23 adoral membranelles. While B. undulans has the following features: body size 70-120×20-45 ㎛ in vivo, body shape elongated ellipsoidal, anterior end terminated by an acute snout; total 18-22 somatic kineties (including 5-7 postoral kineties); 17-22 adoral membranelles; and cortical granules obliquely arranged in 6 or 7 short rows. Recently, the increasing interest in research on anaerobic ciliates has contributed to the understanding of the diversity of ciliates in Korea.

Morphological Description of Three Anaerobic Ciliates Unrecorded in Korea

  • Quoc Dung Nguyen;Novia Cahyani;Mann Kyoon Shin
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.211-220
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    • 2024
  • During the surveys of ciliates from hypoxic habitats, three marine anaerobic species were found: Metopus spiculatus, M. vestitus, and Muranothrix felix. These species have not been previously recorded in South Korea and belong to the taxonomic classes Armophorea and Muranotrichea. The morphology of these species was examined by both microscopic observations of live specimens, and stained cells using protargol impregnations. Metopus spiculatus has the following characteristics: body size 80-110×25-35 ㎛ in vivo, beak-like structure at the end of preoral dome, ectosymbiotic bacteria covering cell surface, intracytoplasmic needle-shaped structures and the conspicuous tail end. Metopus vestitus has the following distinguishing characteristics: body size 95-130×25-45 ㎛ in vivo, a cone-shaped body, a covering of ectosymbiotic bacteria on its cell surface, intracytoplasmic needleshaped structures, somatic kineties arranged in 26-28 longitudinal rows, and a posterior part tapered into a tail. Muranothrix felix has the following characteristics: body size 100-130×20-30 ㎛ in vivo, elongated body with twisted neck region, bristle-like cilia protruding perpendicular to the cell margin, ectosymbiotic bacteria covering the cell surface, about 10 macronuclear nodules, and a long, stiffened caudal cilium.

제1위 섬모충(rumen ciliates)을 이용한 동물성 단백질(치어용 사료) 개발 (Development of animal protein(feed for fry) utilizing the rumen ciliates)

  • 지차호;현공율
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.327-336
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    • 1995
  • This study was carried out to develop the animal protein(feed for fry) that was isolated, purified and lyophilized the rumen ciliates from the healthy rumen contents which have $10^5-10^6/g$ ciliates and were discarded in abattoirs. The rumen ciliates are non-pathogenic, anaerobic and the weight of this protozoa is 2% of rumen content. The rumen protozoan and bacterial proteins both have a biological value for rats of 80-81, which is higher than the 72 of brewer's yeasts. Furthermore, the true digestibility and net protein utility of the protozoan protein are 91 and 73, much higher than those of bacterial(74 and 60) or yeast(84 and 60) proteins. The amino acids of rumen protozoa is nutritionally superior than the others. The size of rumen ciliates is $30-200{\times}20-110{\mu}m$ and so we had isolated and purified the rumen ciliates from the rumen contents by the physical methods. The purified rumen protozoa was lyophilized with freezing dryer. The results of this experiment were as follows : 1. Population dynamics of protozoan ciliates in slaughtered rumens; % of samples which small ciliates were predominated was 82.5%(52/63) and that of large ciliates was 17.5%(11/63). 1) predominant species of small ciliates were Entodinium ovinum and E nanellum. 2) predominant species of large ciliates were Epidinium ecaudatum and Diploplastron affine. 2. The lyophilized rumen ciliates which were isolated and purified from 1 kg of rumen content at the pH 6.2-6.8 was about 7.0 gram. 3. The nutrient analysis of lyophilized rqmen ciliates(LRC) was as follows: 1) Proximate analysis of the LRC and the composition of fry feed; moisture 8.05%(below 10.0), protein 35.37%(45), fat 5.39%(4.5), fiber 1.23%(below 2.5), ash 2.25%(below 15.0), Ca 0.26%(below 2.0), P 0.14%(below 1.1), energy 4,608.11(fish meal 5000 cal/g) 2) Amino acids (% in crude protein) of the LRC and the rotifer(Brachionus plicatilis); Arg 5.19%(4.50), His 2.50%(1.55), Ile 5.29%(3.45), Leu 8.11%(5.85), Lys 10.34%(6.15), Met 2.25% (0.85), Phe 5.66%(3.80), Thr 5.14% (3.45), Val 4.18%(3.90), Ala 4.13%(3.35), Asp 13.26%(8.25), Glu 16.62%(9.20), Gly 4.23%(3.10), Pro 3.25%(5.05), Ser 4.85%(3.85), Tyr 5.04%(3.05) 3) Fatty acids(% in fat) of the LRC and the rotifer(biological feed ; Brachionus plicatilis); myristic acid(C14:0) 3.27%(0.3), myristoleic acid(C14:1) 0.83%(-), palmitic acid(C16:0) 39.11% (23.5), palmitoleic acid(C16:1) 2.81%(2.0), stearic acid(C18:0) 9.36%(5.6), oleic acid(C18:1) 25.54%(3.5), linoleic acid(C18:2) 15.05%(32.9), linolenic acid(C18:3) 1.74%(9.8). Judging from the above investigated results, the analytical data of proximate analysis, amino acids, fatty acids of the purified and lyophilized rumen protozoa are reasonable for the feed of freshwater fishes(fry and fingerling). But it was disappointed of our expectation that the crude protein of lyophilized rumen ciliates contains low percentage, it was thought that because of the small ciliates(starch digester) in beef cattle rumens which were administered the concentrated feed, is much difficult to isolate and purify than the large ciliates(fiber digester).

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New record of five anaerobic ciliate species from South Korea

  • Omar, Atef;Jung, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.108-116
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    • 2022
  • During a field survey to report unrecorded Korean ciliates, we collected five anaerobic ciliate species in two samples from freshwater and marine environments. These species belong to the classes Armophorea and Plagiopylea. The morphology of these species was studied based on live observations, protargol impregnation, and scanning electron microscope. Brachonella contorta is characterized by a size of 80-100×40-60 ㎛ in vivo, a bullet-shaped body, and about 60 oral polykinetids making 360° spiral around long axis. Brachonella pulchra is characterized by a size of 80-110×50-70 ㎛ in vivo and adoral zone composed of about 40 oral polykinetids with minimal spiralization. Metopus setosus is characterized by a size of 45-70×20-30 ㎛ in vivo, about 22 ciliary rows, very long caudal cilia, and 20 oral polykinetids. Plagiopyla nasuta is a freshwater species characterized by a size of 80-120×50-60 ㎛ in vivo, striated band present, straight extrusomes, and about 70 somatic ciliary rows. The marine Plagiopyla frontata is characterized by a size of 80-120×40-60 ㎛ in vivo, an oval to ellipsoid body shape, 50-60 somatic ciliary rows, and curved extrusomes.

혐기/무산소/호기공법의 원생동물 군집구조 (Protozoa Structure of Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic Process.)

  • 이찬형;문경숙
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.264-270
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    • 2003
  • 1.북부 하수처리장에서 동정된 원생동물 및 후생동물의 종류는 32속으로 섬모충류는 17속이었다. 총 개체수는 연평균 5,266개체/ml(2,631∼9,744)이며, 속별 개체수는 Trachelophyllum이 가장 많았다. 종류별로는 편모충류가 6속(11%), 육질충류 3속(7%), 섬모충류 17속(78%), 후생동물이 6속(4%)이며, 섬모충류는 나구류와 시모류가 각각 33%, 23%을 차지하였다. 총 개체수는 하절기에 감소하고 동절기에 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 수온 $20^{\circ}C$ 미만인 경우, 속별 개체수와 유출수 BOD, SS농도는 음의 상관관계가 형성되고, 속별 개체수와 유출수 COD, TN, TP농도는 양의 상관관계가 형성되었다. 상관분석의 결과 $20^{\circ}C$미만의 자료에서 Lepadella가 TP제거율에 대한 지표 미생물로의 가능성이 나타나며, Trochilia, Entosiphon, Coiepus는 TN제거율의 지표미생물로의 가능성이 추정된다. 3. 수온 $20^{\circ}C$ 이상인 경우, $20^{\circ}C$ 미만인 경우보다 상관계수가 낮았으며, 전반적으로 속별 개체수와 수질 항목이 음의 상관관계를 형성하였다. Entosiphon, Paramecium은 출현빈도는 낮지만 유출수 TP농도와 양의 상관관계를, TP제거율과 음의 상관관계를 형성함으로 이들 원생동물속의 개체수 증가시에는 유출수 TP가 악화된다는 점에 주의하면서 운전하여야 한다.