• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.515-520
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• 2012

High expression of osmotically responsive genes1 (HOS1), a key regulator of low temperature response and flowering time, encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase in Arabidopsis. Here, we report characterization of a newly identified splice variant (HOS1-L) of HOS1. Comparative analyses revealed that HOS1-L has a longer 5' nucleotide sequence than that of the previously identified HOS1 (HOS1-S) and that its protein sequence was more conserved than that of HOS1-S in plants. HOS1-L transcripts were spatio-temporally more abundant than those of HOS1-S. The recovery rate of HOS1-S expression was faster than that of HOS1-L after cold treatment. Diurnal oscillation patterns of HOS1-L revealed that HOS1-L expression was affected by photoperiod. An in vitro pull-down assay revealed that the HOS1-L protein interacted with the ICE1 protein. HOS1-L overexpression caused delayed flowering in wild-type plants. Collectively, these results suggest regulation of HOS1 expression at the post-transcriptional level.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.29-45
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• 2004

This ethnographic case-study explores the interpretation and behavior in job considering among full-time housewives. The participants of this study are eleven middle class full-time housewives in their thirties and forties. In-depth interviews based on an unstructured Questionnaire were conducted for this study. Findings are as follows: Six full-time housewives tend to think their full-time housewife-lives more convenient, something unable to substitute and more profitable compared to the counter partner's lives. But they are classified into two groups according to the satisfaction for full-time housewife life. One group has found out more positive meaning in their life but the other group has not yet and they are doubtful about real life and other opportunity. In Contrast, other five full-time housewives tend to interpret employment as a more productive source to secure family resource for their children's education and repay the loan used to buy larger apartment. And the job is considered to confirm her own individuality and the feeling for the social entity as a competent social entity. But two of them who have never been employed do not try to get a job as a new identity alternative. And the various elements like household income, job experience, health, children's age and husband's attitude to his wife's employment etc. are defined to influence the interpretation and the job considering behavior among full-time housewives.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 2019

Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is one of severe diseases in citrus, a major economic resource in Jeju island. To reduce the usage amount of organic synthetic fungicide, bio-sulfur was tested as an alternative chemical to control citrus melanose in the present study. Direct antifungal activity of bio-sulfur against D. citri was determined through in vitro experiment using artificial nutrient media. Disease severity of melanose on bio-sulfur pretreated citrus leaves was lower than that on untreated ones. To illustrate the mechanism of disease suppression by bio-sulfur, infection structures were observed with a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In fluorescent microscopic observation, most conidia rarely germinated. In addition, hyphal growth on leaves pretreated with bio-sulfur was inhibited compared to that on untreated ones. In scanning electron microscope images of bio-sulfur pretreated leaves, surfaces of most conidia were shrunk while hyphae were morphologically changed and frequently branched. Such microscopic observations were also found for leaves pretreated with a commercial fungicide Dithianon. These results suggest that bio-sulfur may be used to control citrus melanose as an environment friendly alternative to organic synthetic fungicides

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-116
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• 2009

Owing to the development of Biotechnology, the involvement of humans in life before birth has been increasing. This means the need for the protection of unborn life takes on new importance. The respect for life and human beings which is based on fundamental constitutional principle should still be respected under civil law. This study examines how methods of respect for life are embodied in civil liability law. In particular, it enunciates the protection of unborn life within time-flow. Lastly, it studies the instruments of the civil liability law and the extent of protection for a fetus from the process of fertilization of an ovum by a sperm, development into an embryo and implantation. Especially, it looks into when and how the subject of the right changes. Besides, it critically scrutinizes the opinions of leading case lawyers and the Constitutional Court which conclude that, in order for a fetus to become the subject of Damage law, it is required to be born alive to comply with precedent. Furthermore, it suggests an alternative interpretation theory.

• Journal of the Korea Construction Safety Engineering Association
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• s.52
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• pp.58-66
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• 2011

This study presents an algorithm to select the best alternative plane among various bridge superstructure types (Steel box girder, Rational girder, PSC-I girder) using Value Engineering (VE). Economical efficiency, landscape, constructability, maintenance, stability, function of bridge superstructure were taken into consideration in the designing of bridge. Economical efficiency was evaluated for each alternative plan with optimal design considering Life Cycle Cost (LCC), Repair and rehabilitation histories and some factors were set to get reasonable results. In the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), consistency of Pairwise Comparisons Matrix was evaluated and the best plan was determined.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.28-32
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• 2004

Fatigue life at seam weldment of thick plate was estimated using the finite element and FEM-FAT(an exclusive fatigue solver). Finite element meshing at toe and root of weldment was based oil Radaj's theory. Also, the results of FE analysis were compared with experimental results in the point of Miner's Rule. The results of FE and FEM-FAT analysis were in accord with experimental results within 60% confidence. This result reveals that above techniques is useful in assessment of seam weldment and to be an alternative method instead of an object experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.122-138
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• 2008

A pixel-based approach to urban quality of life assessment can be regarded as a spatial decision problem under the condition of complexity because it searches the urban space for evidence of hot spots of quality of life based on multiple and differentially weighted evaluation criteria. Such an assessment involves inappropriate scaling of several incommensurate criteria, much unstructured subjectivity in the decision maker's judgment, and the large data handling in a raster GIS environment. There is a need for identifying alternative approaches to tackle the ill-structured problem in urban quality of life assessment. In this context, this research proposes and implements a spatial multicriteria analysis approach to evaluate urban quality of life in a raster GIS environment. The implementation of this methodology is illustrated with a case study of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Results indicate that the proposed methodology may provide an alternative approach for evaluating the quality of life in an urban environment.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2008

Since the 1990's the fleet of the Dutch Railways showed a dramatic decrease in wheel tyre life. This lifetime reduction led to an unacceptable increase in life cycle costs. Therefore Lloyd's Register Rail has proposed to NedTrain to investigate the possibilities of improving the wheel tyre life. Three improvements were determined as most promising and relatively easy to achieve: - Profile optimisation for Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) reduction - a new wheel profile has been developed with a better resistance against rolling contact fatigue of the wheel tread. The profile has been implemented on single deck intercity trains and shows an increase in wheel tyre life of 30%. - Selection of improved wheel tyre materials - combining information from literature and experiences of manufacturers five alternative wheel tyre materials have been selected and are now being tested in practice. - Optimisation of the maintenance strategy - an alternative, preventative maintenance regime has been developed. With this Scraping regime, during short term maintenance every wheel is reprofiled. Higher mileages are reached and savings on life cycle costs up to 50% and more have been achieved. Unplanned maintenance goes down with $30{\sim}60%$. The results from field tests, using a reference group for comparison, and preliminary results after implementation show that the increase in wheel tyre life that is achieved with this project is significant. The results will continue to be monitored using the asset management tool 'Wheel Watch', that was specially developed for this project and is also described in this paper.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted to evaluate Bio-V-Pro as an alternative protein source in broiler diets. Treatments were control, Bio-V-Pro 1% (BP 1), Bio-V-Pro 3% (BP 3), and Bio-V-Pro 5% (BP 5). During the starter period, all treated groups showed beter performance than control group in weight gain and feed intake (p < 0.05). The best FCR was observed in BP 1 group and the worst was found in BP 5 group. For the overall period, chicks fed BP 1 and BP 3 diets gained more than the chicks fed the control and BP 5 diets. All Bio-V-Pro fed groups consumed more feed than the control group (p < 0.05). FCR were similar between the control and BP 1 group, but BP 3 and BP 5 groups showed higher FCR than the control group. During the starter period, all BP groups showed better utilizability of crude protein, crude ash and phosphorus than the control group (p < 0.05). For the finisher period, except for the BP 5 group, the nutrient utilizability was not significantly different in most nutrients. Nutrients utilizability had a tendency (not significant) to decrease as the level of Bio-V-Pro in the diet was increased. Lysine utilizability was not affected by the dietary treatment, however, methionine utilizability was higher in BP 1 and BP 3 group than in the control group. From the results of this experiment, it seems that Bio-V-Pro is a good alternative protein source which can replace fish meal in starter diet up to 3% of the diet effectively.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.205-205
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• 1997