• 환경정책연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-88
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• 2008

조망권에 관한 일반법리를 전개한 후 판례를 조망권 침해를 이유로 한 공사금지가처분신청사건, 손해배상청구사건, 건물철거청구사건 등으로 분류하여 살펴보았다. 피해자들이 조망권 침해만을 문제 삼는 경우보다는 일조권 침해와 더불어 소송을 제기하는 경우가 많았다. 법원은 조망권 관련사건을 심리하던 초기에 교육환경이나 종교환경과 관련되는 조망권 침해사건에서 일정층수 이상의 공사를 금지하는 가처분을 인용하면서 조망이익이 일정한 요건하에서 법적으로 보호받을 수 있음을 밝혔다. 조망권 침해에 기한 손해배상을 하급심에서는 인정하는 경우가 있었으나, 대법원에서는 아직 이를 받아들이지 않고 있다. 영업용이 아니면서 조망을 위하여 특별히 건축되지 않은 주거용 건물에서 조망권 침해가 문제되는 경우 '경관조망권'의 인정은 그 요건이 충족되지 않아 인정하지 않더라도 '천공조망권'은 당해 요건이 충족되면 인정해야 할 것이다. 이러한 조치는 조망권 침해에 따른 주택가격의 하락이라는 기존 주택 거주자들의 현실적인 손해를 보전해 주는 기능을 수행할 수 있을 것이다. 최근에 이른바 '덕소현대아파트사건'에서 법원은 조망의 개념을 '경관조망'과 '천공조망'으로 구분하고 있으나, 이른바 '리바뷰아파트사건'에서는 원심법원과 달리 대법원은 이를 구분하고 있지 않다. 천공조망권의 인정여부에 관한 이러한 대법원 재판부간의 견해 차이는 조정되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제12권34호
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• pp.679-697
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• 1974

I. Preface A. Establishment. There are many psycological and physiological difficulties that students have made practical application to a building site of 600 pyung and a structure of 65 pyung each sixteen students in the Home Management House, but there exists problem in students apprentice and management of professors. B. Purpose of study This research aim to seek a high degree of efficiency approach in investigating, studying and analyzing factors of the problem in Home Management which have been faced in women colleges in seoul. C. Content of study. This study is aim at finding out the problems including facilites, system, guiding principle, working bottleneck and administrative problem in making practical application of Home Management. II. A plan and method of study A. This subject of statiscal research is 616 women students in senior year from september 27 1970 to October 31 1974. The rate of collection of questionnaire is 100 percent. B. The Method of study is devised through refering documents, interview with students, questionnaire and observation. III. Result of study Of the total of 29 university in seoul, 24 Universities have its Course of Home Economic among which only 12 have Home Management for making practical application. Home Management House for making practical application is located mainly in campus but some of them exceptimally are in outside university. Students practice mainly at civilzed resident, apartment, bangalow so forth, and demention of which occupies approxiamtely 50-600 pyung (land) and 20-70 pyung (Building). A member with 4 or 20 students make practical application from 10 days to 3 months. A member consists of students and assistant teacher, and practice site classifies into living school for Professors living, and another school for Professors and assistant teachers. Answer to a questionnaire. 616 students answer to a questionnaire. 49 Perfect of 616 students like to have a member with 12 students like to have a member with 12 students, 38 percent student a member with 16 students. About the period of making practical About the period of making practical application, 76 percent students like to have two or three week period. 19 percent students think it a short period and 4 percent students think it a long period. There is none who thinks 25 day period day period to be short. About making practical application, 66 percent of 616 students feel uneasy, 40 percent students feel lack of sleep and tired. Students take a pleasure in having a conversation with their friends, inviting their mother, having dinner-party and birthday party. 77 percent students want to invite their father and 67 percent students want to invite their boy-friends. It is hard to have a good personal relation about the great the result of practice, students acknowledge themselves that they have learned about Cautiousness and they are sure of good Home Manager. There are 9 difficult problems during the period. IV. Summary discussion a. Many problems come from having a number of students. b. Students feel tired with their practice if over three weeks. No Matter how good a plan is, it useless if students can't adapt themselves to it. Suggestions 1) it is good to have a member with 5 or 6 students, and it is suitable to have two or three week period, and to have an area of 20 or 30 pyung. 2) it's proposed a profess or to live together in making practical application of Home Management 3) it is proposed a professor to have a sure T.O. and to be treated better.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2016

Installing a ventilator for an apartment house composed of over 100 dwelling units was mandated in 2006 to improve indoor air quality. In the case of mechanical ventilators, the air change rate is kept stable, however 68% of dwellers do not operate their ventilator because of an increased electrical bill and noise. In the case of natural ventilators, the former problems are settled, but there are concerns about cold draught and an increase of heating/cooling cost. Authors are developing a heat recovery type natural ventilator which is a natural ventilator equipped with total heat recovery element, and it is expected that those problems of mechanical ventilator and natural ventilator are resolved by this. The combined type diffuser of this study is an under developed fit to the heat recovery type natural ventilator above. There are no standards to evaluate the performance for this type of diffuser. Due to this issue this study investigated the performance of the ventilation and maintained a thermal environment for the combined type diffuser by comparing it with existing diffusers. The results revealed that the performances of the combined type of diffusers showed different features from the existing ones, and was estimated to be high enough in the performances above.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1365-1372
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 공동주택 분양 시 분양대행사의 역할이 분양성에 미치는 영향요인의 중요도를 분석하는데 있다. 분양대행사의 역할과 중요성을 이해하기 위해 계층적 의사결정모델을 구축하였다. 연구모델에 의해 구조화 된 분석변수 항목은 문헌검토, 선행연구 및 전문가 브레인스토밍을 통해 설정되었다. 실증분석은 계층적의사결정(AHP) 분석과 퍼지(Fuzzy)분석에 의한 상대적 중요도(쌍대비교)와 절대적 중요도에 대한 두 가지 비교 분석이 이루어졌고 이후 중요도 보정작업을 하였다. 분석결과, 27개 항목 중에서 고객 분양상담자료 기획, 고객청약 및 계약극대화 방안 기획, 광고 홍보매체 수단방법 기획 등이 가장 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 절대적 중요도(Fuzzy)와 상대적 중요도(AHP) 측정결과는 비슷한 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 모델하우스 운영시점이 분양대행사의 역할과 마케팅 전략에 따라 청약률이 좌우되는 중요한 시기인 것을 시사해 주고 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1986

연자들은 동하계의 실내의 공기오염의 주인자 가운데 하나인 $NO_2$에 대하여 주택의 종류(아파트, 독립주택)와 취사용 주연료의 종류(연탄, 가스)별로 부산지역의 110개 주택을 대상으로 주택 옥내 (부엌, 거실, 침실)와 옥외의 농도를 각각 산정하여 현재의 $NO_2$ 오염정도를 파악함은 물론 실내 $NO_2$농도와 부엌환기, 가족수, 흡연등과의 관련성 및 $NO_2$의 영향(천식)에 관한 기본적 연구를 실시함으로써 $NO_2$에 의한 인체장해 예방을 위한 자료로 제시하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 조사기간은 1984년 10월부터 1985년 9월까지 1년간이었으며, $NO_2$측정은 Palmes method에 의하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 동계 도시 주택의 옥내외 $NO_2$의 평균농도는 부엌 0.029($0.010{\sim}0.085$)ppm, 거실 0.022$(0.005{\sim}0.056)$ppm, 침실 0.017$(0.005{\sim}0.055)$ppm 및 옥외0.021$(0.007{\sim}0.055)$ppm등이었고, 하계에는 부엌 0.022$(0.005{\sim}0.063)$ppm, 거실 0.018$(0.005{\sim}0.056)$ppm, 침실 0.016$(0.004{\sim}0.057)ppm$ 및 옥외 0.016$(0.004{\sim}0.038)$ppm등으로 동하계 공히 부엌내 농도가 최고이었으며 하계보다 동계에 비교적 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 2) 주택과 취사용 주연료의 종류별 도시 주택 옥내외 $NO_2$ 평균농도는 동계의 경우 연탄을 주로 사용하는 아파트군에서 그리고 하계에는 가스를 사용하는 아파트군에서 각각 최고이었다. 3) 주택의 종류별 도시 주택의 옥내외 $NO_2$의 평균 농도는 동하계 공히 독립주택군에 비하여 아파트군에서 비교적 높았다. 4) 취사용 주연료의 종류별 도시 주택 옥내외 $NO_2$의 평균농도는 동계에는 연탄을 주로 사용하는 경우, 그리고 하계에는 가스를 주로 사용하는 경우에서 각각 비교적 높았다. 5) 부엌 환기 여부, 가족수, 부모의 흡연여부 및 소아 천식병력 유무에 따른 도시 주택 실내 $NO_2$의 평균 농도는 각 속성에 따라 다소의 차이를 보였으나 대부분 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

It appraises that use an indoor noise standard, a NC value which is a noise appraisal, a dB(A) value, a N value in foreign country because it doesn't yet ready an appraisal standard in domestic. Also, It appraises that the supply and drainage noise which could change water supply pressure, $4kg/cm^2,\;3kg/cm^2,\;2kg/cm^2,\;1.5kg/cm^2,\;1kg/cm^2$, bring about a noise and inquires how does noise level indicates according to each instruments. In case of a water supply pressure standard, $3kg/cm^2$, a C-605is $3{\sim}5dB(A)$ lower than another instruments in directly overhead stories. It appears that all of them is similar to level in directly under level except c-407(2)Analyzed the NC value, c-605is the lowest level, NC-50, of a water supply pressure, $4.0kg/cm^2$, c-407 is the highest level, NC-55.(3) In case of N value, which is one of water supply methods in Japan, it is the lowest level, N-55, of a water supply pressure, $4.0kg/cm^2$ same as NC value and C-407is the highest level, N-60.(4) In case of water supply that is likely to noise level, It appears 6dB(A) level gap each instruments, and C-605 is the lowest level, 63.9dB(A).

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2012

This paper describes electrical fire on residential environment such as apartment and detached house caused by defect of interior wiring. We carried out experimental study on short circuit characteristics by the interior wiring length. We were measured arc current, arc energy and interrupting time of earth leakage current circuit breaker(ELB), when an interior wiring break out short circuit in residential environment. From the experiment results, the longer of the interior wiring, the magnitude of arc current decreased and the interrupting time of ELB increased. When applied the A maker's ELB, the strength of arc current and interrupting time of ELB was 254 A and 245 ms respectively at 30 m interior wiring length. In 3 m interior wiring length, arc current and interrupting time was 716 A and 4.24 ms respectively. Arc energy was dependent on the magnitude of arc current and the interrupting time of ELB, the longer the interrupting time, arc energy increasing. In this paper, minimum arc energy was 277 J using C maker's ELB and 3 m interior wiring length(arc current 283 A, interrupting time of breaker 6.28 ms). Therefore in the residential environment, short circuit caused by defect of the interior wiring lead to electrical fire.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.651-657
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• 2010

Previous experimental results performed by many researchers for a couple of decades in South Korea have shown that an absorbing sheet inserted in a conventional floating slab system for thermal insulation or vibration absorption may amplify the vibration of the slab system at specific frequency ranges depending on the material properties of the sheet. The amplified vibration, consequently, results in the heavy weight floor impact noise exceeding the sound level limit for an apartment house, 50 dB. In this study, the amplification mechanism is examined through numerical analysis and a new slab system is proposed to reduce the amplification and control the noise. The new slab system consists of studs connecting the base slab and upper concrete finishing yielding the dramatically increased stiffness of the slab. The numerical simulation is performed to investigate the effect of the slab system with studs on the vibration and noise control. The results show that the performance of the slab is sensitive to the number and location of studs, and the heavy weight floor impact noise can be reduced up to 6~7 dB compared to the conventional slab system at the optimal stud location.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 1999

Accidents involving children are an important cause of death and disability. They also have enomorous financial implications. In order to prevent childhood accidents, research and education for safety should be strengthened. The purpose of this study was to determine how often young children have accidents and what factors affect the accident rate. The sample consisted of 771 children who were in the second, third and forth grades of two elementary schools located in Kyung-gi Province. One school had students from middle class families living in apartment complexes and the other, students from lower income families mainly living in single houses. The questionnaires included items on the occurance of accidents and the parents' attitudes regarding accidents during the academic year from March 1997 to February 1998. The Questionnaires were distributed to conventiently selected students to be compeleted by their parents and collected during the period of May 28, to June 6, 1998. The data were analyzed using SAS PC statistical package. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Of 771 student subjects, 393 had 887 accidental injuries during the study period. 2. The month, the day and the time with the highest accident rate were May, Sunday, and between 1 and 4 p. m. each. 3. In the analysis of the location where the injury took place, the most frequent place was on around their homes followed by school and, then, inside the home 4. Most of the accidents were caused by carelessness on the part of the children and the most frequent type of injury was an abrasion. 5. Children most injured their legs 6. They were treated at home most often and usually emergency treatment was performed by family members with, disinfection being the main type of first aid. Cost of the treatment ranged from 8,000 to 20,000 won in most cases. 7. House type and parents' education level were statistically significant in chi-square analysis. 8. Parents educate their children about traffic safety most frequently followed by fire safety and, then, prevention of violence. 9. Parents think that prevention of violence should be the most important part of injury prevention education both at school and home. 10. To identify factors related to accident occurrence, multiple logistic regression was performed and the main factors were birth order and house type.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2017

공사 완료 시점에는 다양한 마감 공정들이 집중적으로 수행된다. 이는 현장관리자의 업무 부담을 가중시켜 경험에 근거한 임기응변적 품질관리 업무수행을 강제함으로써 감독자나 작업자의 개인역량에 따라 공사품질의 편차가 발생한다. 또한 품질관리와 관련된 정보가 시방서, 도면 등 다양한 유형의 문서에 산재하여 점검사항이 누락되는 경우가 빈번하다. 하자예방과 관련된 정보들을 체계적으로 저장하고, 상호참조 가능한 상태로 연계하여 실무자에게 점검업무 전 또는 수행 중에 효과적으로 제공할 수 있는 도구가 필요하다. 본 논문은 공동주택 마감공사의 품질점검 대상 액티비티 또는 실 단위로 필요한 정보를 체계적으로 저장 검색이 가능한 품질점검 지원 모델을 제안한다. 시방서, 설계기준, 체크리스트, 법규, 하자사례, 도면을 마감공사 프로세스 및 실과 연계하여 하자예방 정보베이스와 정보연계 넥서스를 구축하였으며 이를 바탕으로 정보등록 및 검색 인터페이스를 제시하였다. 내용적으로 다양한 하자예방 정보들을 마감공사 액티비티 및 실을 중심으로 연계하여 활용 가능한 틀을 제시함으로써 일정 수준 이상의 시공품질 확보에 기여할 수 있다.