• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

There are a great numbers of disabled individuals who cannot freely move or control specific parts of their body because of serious neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, and so on. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can help them to drive and control external devices using only their brain activity, without the need for physical body movements. Over the past 30 years, several Bel research programs have arisen and tried to develop new communication and control technology for those who are completely paralyzed. Thanks to the rapid development of computer science and neuroimaging technology, new understandings of brain functions, and most importantly many researchers' efforts, Bel is now becoming 'practical' to some extent. The present review article summarizes the current state of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based Bel, which have been being studied most widely, with specific emphasis on its basic concepts, system developments, and prospects for the future.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 제3회 추계심포지움
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• pp.125-132
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• 1995

In neurons, nitric oxide(NO) is produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase following stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors and the subsequent influx of Ca$\^$2+/. NO, induced in this manner, reportedly plays critical roles in neuronal plasticity, including neurite outgrowth, synaptic transmission, and long-term potentiation(LTP) (1-7). However, excessive activation of NMDA receptors has also been shown to be associated with various neurological disorders, including focal ischemia, epilepsy, trauma, neuropathic pain and chronic neurodegenerative maladies, such as Parkinson's disease, Hungtington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(8). The paradox that nitric oxide(NO) has both neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects may be explained, at least in part, by the finding that NO effects on neurons are dependent on the redox state. This claim may be supported by the recent finding that tissue concentrations of cysteine approach 700 ${\mu}$M in settings of cerebral ischemia (9), levels of thiol that is expected to influence both the redox state of the system and the NO group itself(10).

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2018

Background: The motor unit number index (MUNIX) and motor unit size index (MUSIX) refer to the electrophysiological measurement of the motor units using the surface electromyographic interference pattern (SIP) recorded during graded muscle contraction. In order to improve the reliability and reproducibility of MUNIX by the systematization of the graded muscle contractions, we applied a digital hand instrument to the procedure of recording SIP signals. Methods: We tested the applicability of the digital instrument in the MUNIX technique by assessing the mean values and the reproducibility of the MUNIX involving the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles in 30 healthy adults. Results: The digital dynamometer was successfully applied to the MUNIX measurements of the APB and ADM muscles, and showed high reproducibility across trials. Conclusions: Application of the digital instrument would be useful in improving the reliability and reproducibility of MUNIX.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2017

Synapse is the basic structural and functional component for neural communication in the brain. The presynaptic terminal is the structural and functionally essential area that initiates communication and maintains the continuous functional neural information flow. It contains synaptic vesicles (SV) filled with neurotransmitters, an active zone for release, and numerous proteins for SV fusion and retrieval. The structural and functional synaptic plasticity is a representative characteristic; however, it is highly vulnerable to various pathological conditions. In fact, synaptic alteration is thought to be central to neural disease processes. In particular, the alteration of the structural and functional phenotype of the presynaptic terminal is a highly significant evidence for neural diseases. In this review, we specifically describe structural and functional alteration of nerve terminals in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2024

Red ginseng (RG) is widely used as a herbal medicine. As the human lifespan has increased, numerous diseases have developed, and RG has also been used to treat various diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are major problems that modern people face through their lives. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are featured by progressive nerve system damage. Recently, neuroinflammation has emerged as a degenerative factor and is an immune response in which cytokines with nerve cells that constitute the nervous system. RG, a natural herbal medicine with fewer side effects than chemically synthesized drugs, is currently in the spotlight. Therefore, we reviewed studies reporting the roles of RG in treating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases and found that RG might help alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by regulating neuroinflammation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.426-438
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• 2022

본 연구는 루게릭병 환자와 가족을 돕자고 호소하는 메시지를 대상으로 호혜적/공감적 소구의 상대적 효과를 탐색하였다. 이를 통하여 나눔 메시지의 전달에서 이성적으로 호소하는 방식인 호혜적 소구의 적용 범위를 살펴보고자 하였다. 공감적 관심 성향의 조절작용을 포함하였는데, 공감적 관심은 대표적인 이타적 성향이다. 온라인 실험 형태로 진행하였으며, 1단계에서 공감적 관심 성향을 측정하고, 대략 7일의 시간이 지난 후 2단계에서 호혜적/공감적으로 구분된 나눔 메시지를 보여주고 평가하도록 하였다. 불성실한 응답을 한 참가자를 제외하고 최종적으로 134명의 데이터를 분석하였다. 그 결과 공감적 소구의 상대적 우위가 일부 나타났지만, 호혜적/공감적 소구의 상대적 차이가 직접 나타난 경우는 주제 태도에 국한되었고, 상호작용의 결과에서 공감적 관심 성향이 높은 집단에서 호혜적 소구가 공감적 소구만큼 혹은 영향력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2015

DNA/RNA결합 단백질로 다양한 기능을 한다고 알려진Fused in Sarcoma (FUS)의 유전자 돌연변이가 루게릭병 및 전측두엽성 치매 환자에서 발견되었다. 정상적인 FUS는 핵에 위치하지만 병리상황에서 FUS는 세포질로 잘못 타기팅 되어 스트레스 응집체와 결합된 단백질 응집체를 형성하는 것으로 알려졌다. 그러나 이들에 의한 스트레스 응집체 형성 기전 및 응집체 형성에 관여하는 FUS의 도메인은 정확히 알려지지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 루게릭병 연관 FUS 미스센스 돌연변이(P525L, R521C, R521H, R521G)의 세포내 위치 및 세포질 FUS의 응집체 형성에 관여하는 FUS내 도메인을 분석하고 동정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저, FUS 미스센스 돌연변이의 세포내 위치를 분석한 결과, P525L대부분은 세포질로 위치하여 스트레스 응집체를 형성하는 반면, R521C, R521H, R521G는 핵과 세포질에 위치하였다. 이를 통해 FUS의 핵으로의 이동에는 FUS의 마지막 2개의 아미노산이 매우 중요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 세포질로 빠져 나온 FUS의 응집체 형성에 관여하는 FUS도메인 분석을 위해서 핵 위치서열이 결손되어 대부분 세포질 응집체를 형성하는 FUS-∆17를 이용하여, 다양한 도메인 결손 돌연변이를 제작하고, 이들의 응집체 형성여부를 분석하였다. 그 결과, SYGQ-RGG1나 RGG2-ZnF-RGG3없는 세포질 FUS (FUS-∆SYGQ-RGG1-∆17, FUS-∆RGG2-ZnF-RGG3-∆17)는 스트레스 응집체를 형성하지 않은 반면, RRM이 없는 FUS-∆RRM-∆17은 FUS-∆17에 비해 많은 스트레스 응집체를 형성함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 도메인 분석결과 세포질의 FUS는 SYGQ-RGG1나 RGG2-ZnF-RGG3 도메인을 통해 FUS 스트레스 응집체 형성이 촉진되고, RRM도메인은 FUS 응집체 형성을 저해하고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 연구 결과는 FUS의 스트레스 응집체 형성과 연관된 다양한 퇴행성 뇌질환의 발병기전에 대한 이해뿐만이 아니라 이들 질환 치료를 위한 치료 후보 타겟 물질 발굴에 중요한 단서를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

본 연구는 가정간호기반 호흡관리프로그램이 근위축성 측상경화증으로 가정에서 인공호흡기를 적용하고 있는 환자에게 미충족의료와 의료자원이용에 효과가 있는지를 확인하는 연구이다. 연구대상자는 실험군 19명, 대조군 21명으로 40명이다. Cox의 상호작용모델에 기반을 둔 가정간호기반 호흡관리프로그램은 인지적 동기로 교육, 전문간호, 사례관리, 내적 동기로 기도청결, 흉곽운동, 공기누적운동, 심리적 반응으로 명상과 적극적 경청이다. 이를 실험군은 12주 동안 제공하였고, 대조군은 통상적인 가정간호를 제공하였다. 중재관련변수는 사전, 사후 12주, 24주에 측정하였고, 의료자원이용은 24주에 측정하였다. 연구결과 호흡관리프로그램은 미충족의료정도에는 차이가 없었으나, 의료자원이용정도 중 입원횟수 감소에는 효과가 있었다. 이에 근위축성 측상경화증 환자 호흡관리프로그램은 호흡문제로 인한 의료기관 이용횟수를 감소시켜 환자의 호흡기능 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

Familial Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) is a progressive neurodegenetative disorder induced by mutations of the SOD1 gene. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is well-defined as a stress-inducible protein, however the its role in ALS protection has not yet been established. To investigate the role HSP27 may have in SOD1 mutant-mediated apoptosis, human SOD1 or HSP27 genes were fused with a PEP-1 peptide in a bacterial expression vector to produce a genetic in-frame fusion protein, which was then transduced into cells. We found the purified PEP-1-HSP27 fusion proteins can be transduced efficiently into neuronal cells and protect against cell death by enhancing mutant SOD1 activity. Moreover, transduced PEP-1-HSP27 efficiently prevents protein aggregation produced by oxidative stress. These results suggest that transduced HSP27 fusion protein may be explored as a potential therapeutic agent for FALS patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.236-245
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• 1997

The subjects of this clinical study are 17 patients with ALS(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), who were diagnosed in other or our hospital from January 1987 to Nomember 1997. The age of onset, clinical signs, type of ALS, methods of treatment and outcomes, etc. were studied and analyzed. The data are summarized as follows ; 1) The mean age was $52.4{\pm}11.5$ years old, and the ratio of male to female was 2.4:1. There is increasing frequency with rising age. 2) Pseudopolyneuritic type(67%) is the most in male patients, bulbar type(60%) is the most in female patients, and totaly Pseudopolyneuritic type(54%) is the most. 3) In the period of hospitalization after onset, 1 year(11 cases, 64.8%) is the most frequent, and 2 year(2 cases, 11.7%), 1 month(2 cases, 11.7%), 4 years(1 case, 5.9%) and 6 months(1 case, 5.9%) in orders. 4) In the duration of admission, 10 days(8 cases, 47.2%) is the most frequent, and 30 days(4 cases 23.5%), 2 months(2 cases, 11.7%), 20 days(2 cases, 11.7%) and 3 months(1 case, 5.9%) in orders. 5) In the signs of patients, muscle weakness(17 cases, 100%), bulbar signs(14 cases, 82.4%), increased reflex of deep tendon(10 case, 58.8%), muscle atrophy (7 cases, 41.2%) and fasciculations(7 cases, 41.2%) were in orders. 6) In the methods of treatment, herb-medication(17 cases, 100%), acupuncture therapy(16 cases, 94.1%), physical therapy(7 cases, 41.2%), moxibustion therapy(5 cases, 29.4%), cupping therapy(4 case, 23.5%) and moxa-pack(1 case 5.9%) were administered in orders. 7) As to the outcome of treatment, 8(47.1%) were no changed, 4(23.5%) improved, 4(23.5%) aggravated, 1(5.9%) expired in orders.