• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the influence of different transplanting dates on rice quality and starch properties (morphology and pasting properties) of rice varieties that may be used for the production of rice flour. Three rice flour varieties, 'Seolgaeng', 'Hangaru', and 'Milyang317', were transplanted on May 20, May 30, June 10, and June 20. The peak viscosity decreased with a delay in the transplanting date. However, the amylose content increased with a delay in the transplanting date, whereas that of protein decreased. Amylopectin short-branch chain content increased in the rice varieties that were transplanted on May 30. The morphology of the starch granule of the varieties was determined by SEM. No apparent external difference in the starch granules was observed for the different transplanting dates. These results indicate that the transplanting date influenced the amylopectin structure and pasting properties, which led to changes in the physicochemical characteristics of rice starch.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1611-1618
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of different amylose/amylopectin ratios on rumen fermentation and development of fattening lambs. Methods: Forty-eight 7-day-old male Small-tailed Han sheep${\times}$Northeast fine wool sheep were randomly assigned to four treatments of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratios (0.12, 0.23, 0.24, and 0.48 in tapioca starch, corn starch, wheat starch and pea starch diets, respectively). Three lambs from each treatment were slaughtered at 21, 35, 56, and 77 days of age to determine the rumen fermentation and development. Results: Compared with tapioca starch diet, the pea starch diet significantly increased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the ruminal fluid of lambs but significantly decreased the bacterial protein content. At 56 and 77 d, the rumen propionate concentration tended to be greatest in the tapioca starch group than in other groups. The rumen butyrate concentration was the greatest in lambs fed on pea starch compared with those fed on other starch diets. Furthermore, the pea starch diet significantly stimulated rumen development by increasing the papillae height, width and surface area in the rumen ventral or dorsal locations in lambs. However, different amylose/amylopectin ratios diets did not significantly affect the feed intake, body weight, average daily gain, the relative weight and capacity of the rumen in lambs with increasing length of trial periods. Conclusion: Lambs early supplemented with a high amylose/amylopectin ratio diet had favourable morphological development of rumen epithelium, which was not conducive to bacterial protein synthesis.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2017

The relationship between mean air temperature after heading and starch characteristics of colored rice grains was investigated using three colored rice cultivars. Pasting temperature within each rice cultivar with different harvest times differed. The pasting temperatures of two rice cultivars, Hongjinju and Joseongheugchal, reached the highest at 40 days after heading and decreased during the late harvest time. Distribution of amylopectin in the Hongjinju rice cultivar at the earlier harvest time contained a greater number of very short chains with the degree of polymerization (DP) between 6 and 12 and fewer chains with a DP from 13 to 24 than that of the later harvest time. However, there was little difference in the distribution of the longer chains of $25{\leq}DP{\geq}36$ and $37{\leq}DP$ for latter harvest times compared to that of the earlier ones. It was suggested that the structure of amylopectin affected the varietal differences in patterns of chain length of amylopectin during grain filling. In addition, the control of ripening was different from that causing the pigment effects in the fine structure of amylopectin in the three colored rice cultivars. Larger starch granules were observed in the Joseongheugchal rice cultivar and smaller granules occurred in the Hongjinju rice cultivar. The present study revealed that later harvest times led to a clear increase in the mean granule size of starch in the three colored rice cultivars.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.716-725
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• 2014

Gelatinization properties and the molecular structure of Korean waxy rice starchesisolated from two japonica types, Sinseonchal, and Dongjinchal, as well as an indica type, Hangangchal 1 were investigated. Sinseonchal is preferred cultivar for making Korean traditional rice cakes and cookies. Sinseonchal starch was the highest in crude protein, amylopectin, damaged starch contents, and water binding capacity among the cultivars tested. The initial pasting temperature ($72.75^{\circ}C$), peak (360.54 RVU), breakdown (162.21 RVU) and setback (30.83 RVU) viscosities of Sinseonchal had the highest values (p<0.05). Onset and peak temperatures by differential scanning calorimeter were also the highest in Sinseonchal. The molecular weight of Sinseonchal amylopectin was 5.46 107higher than those of the other cultivars, but its peak height and area were the lowest among them. The amylopectin peak by HPSEC showed a shoulder in the lower molecular weight portion and its relative area decreased in the following order; Sinseonchal > Dongjinchal > Hangangchal 1. On the branch chain length distribution of amylopectin, the proportion of DP13-24 and DP25-36 showed reverse trends, with higher japonica type amylopectin in DP13-24.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2007

The properties of two cultivars of japonica rice, Odae (early ripening variety) and Ilpum (late ripening variety), were compared. They grew on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium but the growth of both cultivars was strongly retarded by 50 mM or more salt. There was no clear difference between the growths of seedlings of the two cultivars for the first 24 h after germination. The amylopectin chain-length profiles of the two cultivars did not differ significantly, and amylopectin content was estimated at $16.0{\pm}0.4%$ in cv. Odae and $16.4{\pm}0.4%$ in cv. Ilpum. A total of 114 RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) fragments ranging from 0.4 to 2.5 kb were isolated from the two cultivars, 61 from cv. Odae and 53 from cv. Ilpum, indicating that there is little genetic variation between them.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1160-1171
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• 2013

A feeding trial was conducted in tilapia to determine the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzymes, and postprandial blood metabolites in response to different dietary amylose-amylopectin ratios. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing an equal starch level with different amylose-amylopectin ratios of 0.11 (diet 1), 0.24 (diet 2), 0.47 (diet 3), 0.76 (diet 4) and 0.98 (diet 5) were formulated using high-amylose corn starch (as the amylose source) and waxy rice (as the amylopectin source). Each diet was hand-fed to six tanks of 15 fish each, three times a day over a 6-wk period. After the growth trial, a postprandial blood metabolic test was carried out. Fish fed diet 2 exhibited the highest percent weight gain and feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio, whereas fish fed with diet 5 showed the lowest growth and feed utilization among treatments. The digestibility for starch in fish fed diet 1 and 2 was higher than those in fish fed with other diets (p<0.05). The highest activities for protease, lipase and amylase were found in fish fed the diet 2, diet 1, and diet 1 respectively among dietary treatments, while the lowest values for these indexes were observed in fish fed the diet 3, diet 5 and diet 4, respectively. The liver glycogen concentrations in fish fed diets 4 and 5 were found higher than in fish fed other diets (p<0.05). The feeding rate, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and plasma parmeters (glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) did not differ across treatments. In terms of postprandial blood responses, peak blood glucose and triglycerides were lower after 3 or 6 h in the fish fed with diets 3-5 than in the fish fed diet 1, but delayed peak blood total amino acid time was observed in fish fed with the diets 1 or 2. The lowest peak values for each of the three blood metabolites were observed in fish fed diet 5. The results indicate that high-dietary amylose-amylopectin ratio could compromise growth, but help in reducing the blood glucose stress on fish caused by postprandial starch load.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

진도산 검정쌀 전분의 분자 구조적 특성을 구명하고 신선찰벼와 비교 검토하였다. 진도산 검정쌀과 신선찰벼의 전분-요오드 복합체의 최대흡수파장은 각각 523 nm, 521 nm였고, 고유점도는 각각 183 ml/g, 178 ml/g였으며, ${\beta}-amylolysis$ limit(%)는 각각 62.8%, 60.3%였다. 진도산 검정쌀은 요오드 반응과 Sepharose CL-2B의 용출패턴 결과로 찹쌀임을 알 수 있었다. 진도산 검정쌀의 아밀로펙틴의 사슬 분포는 중합도 55이상(획분 I), 중합도 $40{\sim}50$(획분 II), 중합도 $15{\sim}20$(획분 III)으로 분포하였으며, 획분 II에 대한 획분 III의 비율(A/B 사슬비)는 진도산 검정쌀이 3.02, 신선찰벼가 2.82로 나타났다. 또한, 초장쇄 부분이 획분 I은 진도산 검정쌀이 신선찰벼의 아밀로펙틴 보다 많았다. 진도산 검정쌀의 아밀로펙틴 베타-한계 덱스트린 분자량 분포는 신선찰벼와 비슷하였다. 베타-한계 덱스트린의 사슬 분포는 중합도 55이상(획분 I), 중합도 $30{\sim}45$(획분 II), 중합도 $10{\sim}20$(획분 III)으로 분포하였으며, 진도산 검정쌀과 신선찰벼는 큰 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과로부터 진도산 검정쌀 전분은 polymodal 구조를 갖는 아밀로펙틴으로 구성되어 있으며 신선찰벼와 구조적으로 유사하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.329-329
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• 2017

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different harvesting time on pasting properties of starch in three colored rices. Seven major parameters of starch pasting properties, peak viscosity (PKV), hot pasting viscosity (HPV), cool pasting viscosity (CPV), setback (CPV minus PKV), breakdown (PKV minus HPV), peak time, and pasting time were determined by Rapid Visco Analyzer. The peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity and peak time were influenced by different harvesting times. Pasting time was delayed slightly with prolonged harvesting time in all rice cultivars. Pasting temperature in each rice cultivar differed from each harvesting time, and pasting temperature of the two rice cultivars, Hongjinju and Joseongheugchal, showed the highest at the 40 days after heading and then it decreased at the final harvesting time. With the delay of the harvesting time, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity, setback value and pasting temperature did not exhibit a regular trend depending on their genetic characteristics. Branch chain length distribution of amylopectin was demonstrated a distinct difference among these colored rices. In changes of amylopectin branch chain-length distribution, the amylopectin structure of Hongjinju rice cultivar as affected by different harvesting time, the shortest chain length of amylopectin in rice starch harvested at 20 days after heading was characterized by the significant increase in A chains with $DP{\geq}12$ and remarked decrease in long chains $37{\leq}DP$ compared to that of 30, 40, and 50 days after heading. In particular, when harvesting time is delayed the distribution percentage of short chain (A chains with $DP{\geq}12$) was increased except for the rice which harvested 20 days after heading. The similar results were also observed in Sintoheugmi rice cultivar like that of Hongjinju rice cultivar. Otherwise, distribution percentage of the shortest chain length of amylopectin in rice starch harvested at 20 days after heading was characterized by the significant decrease in A chains with $DP{\geq}12$ and remarked increase in B chains $13{\leq}DP{\geq}24$ compared to that of 30, 40, and 50 days after heading.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 1987

쌀전분 및 이의 구성성분인 아밀로오스와 아밀로펙틴을 분리하여 이들의 분자 구조적 성질을 비교 검토하였다. 시료전분 및 아밀로오스와 아밀로펙틴의 고유점도는 각각 1.053, 1.772 및 0.919ml/g이었다. 또 쌀전분, 아밀로오스 및 아밀로펙틴의 ${\beta}-amylolysisimit$값은 각각 73, 106 및 56%이었으며 아밀로펙틴의 outer chain length$({\overline{OCL}})$)와 inner chain length $({\overline{ICL}})$은 각각 15.6 및 7.7로 두 chain길이의 비는 약 2 : 1이었다. 한편 전분은 pullulanase로 debranching한 후 sephadex G-75로 분획한 결과 두 개의 성분분획을 나타내었으며 void volume에서의 peak I은 주로 아밀로오스 그리고 ${\overline{dp}}$ 25-10에서의 peak II는 아밀로펙틴 성분이었다. 그러나 아밀로텍틴을 debranching한 후의 용출분포는 void volume에서 peak를 나타나지 않았으며 ${\overline{dp}}$ 35-25 및 ${\overline{dp}}$ 25-10에서 bimodal peak를 나타내었다. 또 pullulanase와 ${\beta}-amylase$를 동시에 처리한 경우는 ${\overline{dp}}$ 2-10에서 peak를 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2489-2492
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• 2007