• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.418-425
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 생활습관과 치주건강상태의 관련성을 파악하여 올바른 생활습관을 통한 치주질환의 예방 및 유지를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 실시되었다. 연구대상은 일부지역 치과의원에 내원한 40~50대 성인 남녀 총 326명을 대상으로 하여 구조화된 설문지와 치주건강상태를 측정하여 조사 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 흡연여부는 치은염 지수(p<0.01), 치주낭 깊이(p<0.001), 임상적 부착소실(p<0.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 2. 일일 흡연량은 치은염 지수(p<0.05), 치주낭 깊이(p<0.01), 임상적 부착소실(p<0.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 흡연기간은 치은염 지수(p<0.05), 치주낭 깊이(p<0.01), 임상적 부착소실(p<0.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. 음주주기는 치은염 지수(p<0.05), 임상적 부착소실(p<0.05)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 5. 흡연을 하는 경우(p<0.05) 임상적 부착소실에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과에서 치과진료기관은 환자들에게 건강한 치주상태를 예방 및 유지하기 위해서는 과도한 흡연과 음주는 치주건강상태에 영향을 미친다는 사실을 인식시킬 필요가 있으며 더불어 체계적인 금연과 절주를 위한 교육프로그램 개발이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.6169-6179
• /
• 2015

본 논문은 특성화고 여학생을 대상으로 자율성 증진 금연 프로그램을 적용하여 일일 흡연량, 타액 코티닌, 지각된 동기 및 자율성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 유사 실험연구이다. 연구 대상자는 경상북도 G시와 K시의 흡연 여학생 47명이었으며, 자율성 증진 금연 프로그램은 주 2회 총 8회 동안 실시되었다. 자료 수집 기간은 2013년 4월 1일부터 4월 26일까지 약 1개월이였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 유의수준 5%하에서 서술적 통계, T-검정을 시행하였다. 연구결과 자율성 증진 금연 프로그램을 제공받은 실험군은 제공받지 않은 대조군보다 일일 흡연량이 유의하게 줄어들고(p=.044) 타액 코티닌 음성 반응이 유의하게 많아졌으며(p=.048), 지각된 동기(p=.001)와 자율성(p=.027) 점수는 유의하게 높아졌다. 이는 자율성 증진 금연 프로그램이 학교 금연 프로그램으로 흡연 여고생의 금연율을 높이기 위한 방안으로 적용가능하다는 것을 시사한다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 남 여 대학생들의 식생활에서 가공식품을 통한 당류 섭취량과 관련요인을 알아보고자 대학교 3학년 245명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 가공식품을 통한 당류 섭취량은 남학생 45.9g, 여학생 47.1g 이었다. 당 섭취량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위하여 당 섭취량을 종속변수로 하여 다중 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 남학생의 경우는 현재 음주여부, 수면시간, 우울 정도가 유의한 변수였으며, 여학생의 경우는 전공학과, 현재 흡연여부, 평소 간식섭취여부가 유의한 변수였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과, 평소 건강행태와 우울 등이 가공식품을 통한 당 섭취에 영향을 미치고 있으므로 대학생들의 건강관리를 위한 노력과 가공식품 중에서 당 함유량이 높은 품목에 대해 당 함량표시를 시각적으로 쉽게 구별 할 수 있는 표식제도 도입 등의 제도가 마련되어야 하겠으며, 특히 비보건계열 학생에 대한 보건교육이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between health behavior and residence types of university students. Methods: Using a quota sampling method by gender and residence type, 364 male and female students (126 students who live in their own house (SH), 123 students who live in board themselves (SB), and 115 students who live in a dormitory (SD)) were selected from one university in Ulsan. Five categories on smoking, drinking, exercise, eating, and sleeping were used to describe health behavior of the participants. Results: Difference of smoking, drinking, eating, and sleeping habits was existed in classifications of residence types of participants. Regarding the current smoking rate, frequency of drinking, and amount of drinking, the result of SB was higher than that of SH or SD. The score of eating habit of SB was lower than that of SH or SD. SD exercised much less than SB or SH. Conclusion: To prevent aggravation of SB health habits, an education program for comprehensive health promotion is needed for university students to improve their smoking, drinking, exercise, and eating habits.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2002

Recently in Korea, the adolescents' sexual problems including sexual violence have increased, and those phenomena have escalated to be one of the major social issues. This study was conducted to identify the variables related to the sexual harassments of the Korean adolescents. The variables to which the subjects belong were gender, school grade, religion, extracurricular activity, amount of pocket money, school performance traffic mean to school, ownership of PC, internet contact frequency and place, contact to pornography, heterosexual friend, drinking, and smoking. The period of survey was from July 2000 to Dec. 2000. The subjects were 475 middle and high-schoolers in Busan and Kyung-Nam. The instrument to measure sexual harassments of the subjects was questionnaire. That was gained by modifying the three patterns(physical, verbal and visual) in the manual provide by the Ministry of Labor(1999). The degree of sexual harassments was measured by 4-point Likert scale. The collected data was analyzed with t-test and ANOVA by SPSS win(10.0). The findings were as follows ;1. The variables related to the physical harassment were gender, age, pocket money, perceived school performance, traffic means, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, experience of drinking and smoking.2. The variables related to the visual harassments were gender, age, perceived school performance, traffic mean, internet contact, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, experience of drinking & smoking.3. The variables related to the verbal harassments were gender, age, pocket money, perceived school performance, traffic mean, internet contact, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, and experience of drinking & smoking.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2001

The aim of this study was to determine the association between, smoking, exercise, sex, and dietary carotenoids ($\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, $\beta$-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin, lycopne) intake in Korean middle-aged adults. Food-frequency questionnaire were analyzed from 304 healthy adults (115 men, 189 women) aged 20 - 59. The self-administered questionnaire contained subject s habitual diet and alcohol intake were the previous 3 months. Data on frequency of 102 foods, including vegetables, fruits, beverages and legumes were analyzed. Total dietary carotenoids intake were 27.13 $\pm$ 3.09 mg/d for men and 26.71$\pm$ 2.82 mg/d for women. It was found that smoking had no significant contribution to the dietary intake of carotenoids. Among other lifestyle factors that had significant correlation was the amount of exercise time. The increases in exercise time was associated with increase in carotenoids intake (r= 0.121, p : 0.04). The major contributors of $\alpha$-carotene and $\beta$-carotene were carrots consumed as single-food item or carrot juice. Lutein and Zeaxanthin intake mainly came from spinach and most lycopene intake was derived from tomato products not fresh tomatoes. Persimmon was the major contributor of $\beta$-cryptoxanthin. These findings provide valuable information on understanding the unique pattern of dietary intake of Korean, which might help identify the risks for developing various diseases.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 1973

Tobacco, which has nicotine for its main component, has been in medical use for a long time and in great demand for smoking throughout the world. The purpose of this study is to control nicotine amount and to increase yield more efficiently by the method of systematic variations. Nutrient solutions for tobacco culture were designed and prepared in 10 kinds with mineral ions: $NO_{3^-},\;SO_{4^{--},\;PO_4{^{-3},\;K,{^+}\;Ca,{^{++}\;Mg,{^{++}$, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Fe. Nicotiana tabacum L. Yellow Special A, grown for 50days from sowing, was replanted in plastic pot and cultured for 65 days supplying with prepared nutrient solutions. After harvest, their nicotine amount was determined by means of acid-base titrimetry and gas chromatography. The tobacco plants in KCa 4 and KMg 9 groups demonstrated the highest yield in total leaves weight and KMg 7 group in average nicotine amount. They have shown the increase of nicotine amount from lower leaf to 16th leaf, and thereafter decreased gradually. The author also pursued the optimum ionic proportions for the absolute nicotine amount in tobacco by means of systematic variations method.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.535-542
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 청소년의 흡연 실태와 흡연 관련 구강건지식 수준을 파악하기 위하여 2011년 6월 14일부터 7월 12일까지 전라북도 익산시에 소재하고 있는 4개 중학교의 1, 2, 3학년 학생을 대상으로 편의표본추출법에 의한 자기기입식의 설문조사를 실시하여 1,219명의 설문지를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 흡연 학생은 10.6%였으며, 흡연 남학생이 16.0%, 흡연 여학생이 5.4%로 나타났다. 2. 흡연기간은 1년 미만이 51.6%로 가장 많았고, 평균 하루 흡연량은 10개피 미만이 91.9%였으며, 흡연동기로는 호기심이 52.8%로 가장 높았다. 3. 흡연 관련 구강건강지식수준은 평균 평점 0.85점 중 구취(0.95점), 구강암(0.94점), 치주질환(0.93점)에서 평균 이상으로 나타났으며, 충치(0.70점)와 미각 둔화(0.77)는 평균 이하로 나타났다. 4. 흡연구강건강지식수준은 1학년이 5.28점으로 가장 높았으며(p<0.01), 생활만족도가 높을수록 흡연 관련 구강건강지식수준이 높았다(p<0.05). 5. 니코틴의존도는 학년이 높을수록 높았고(P<0.01), 흡연 일수(${\beta}=0.407$, p<0.001)와 흡연기간(${\beta}=0.235$, p<0.01)이 니코틴의존도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제81권4호
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2018

Background: There are limited number of studies that investigate clinical variables instead of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) management according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 classification. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there was a difference between GOLD 2017 classification and spirometric stage in clinical variables in patients with COPD. The data of 427 male patients with stable COPD were investigated retrospectively. Methods: Patients were allocated into combined assessment of GOLD 2017 and spirometric stage. Age, amount of smoking, pulmonary function, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale (HADS), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), body mass index (BMI), and fat free mass index (FFMI) were recorded. Results: Seventy-three (17%) patients were in group A, 103 (24%) constituted group B, 38 (9%) were included in group C, and 213 (50%) comprised group D according to the combined assessment of GOLD 2017. Twenty-three patients (5%) were in stage 1, 95 (22%) were in stage 2, 149 (35%) were in stage 3, and 160 (38%) were in stage 4 according to spirometric stage. According to GOLD 2017, age, amount of smoking, mMRC, BMI, FFMI, SGRQ, HADS, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), and ISWT were significantly different between groups. Ages, amount of smoking, FFMI, BMI, HADS of group A were different from B and D. Smiliar values of $FEV_1$ were found in A-C and B-D. A and C had smiliar ISWT. According to spirometric stage, BMI, FFMI of stage 4 were statistically different. mMRC, ISWT, and SGRQ of stages 3 and 4 were different from other stages, amongst themselves. $FEV_1$ was correlated with mMRC, SGRQ, anxiety scores, BMI, FFMI, and ISWT. Conclusion: This study showed that the GOLD ABCD classification might not represent the severity of COPD sufficiently well in terms of lung function or exercise capacity. The combination of both spirometric stage and combined assessment of GOLD 2017 is important, especially for estimating clinical variables.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.425-435
• /
• 1989

The solitary pulmonary nodule is considered as a round or ovoid lesion with sharp, circumscribed borders, surrounded by normal appearing lung parenchyme on all sides, and found on a simple chest X-ray without any particular symptoms or signs. There is a wide spectrum of pathologic conditions in the solitary pulmonary nodules prove to be malignant tumors, either primary or metastatic. Most Benign granulomas and other benign conditions can also be seen as solitary nodules. The resection of solitary malignant nodules results in a surprisingly high 5-year survival rate. On the contrary, most benign nodules do not need to be resected and a period of prolonged observation and nonsurgical management is usually indicated. Therefore, the best approach to the controversial management of solitary pulmonary nodules depends on finding factors affecting the probability of malignancy. In this article, clinical records and chest roentgenographies of 60 patients operated on over the past 8 years at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital were reviewed. There were 15 malignant nodules and 45 benign nodules and the prevalence of malignancy was 25%. The most common pathologic entity was tuberculoma [21 cases]. The mean age was 55.5*9.6 years in the malignant group, 45.8>12.5 years in the benign group and there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups [P < 0.05]. The malignant ratio in each age group increased with advancing age. The average smoking amount was 35.6*12.9 cigarettes per day in malignant smokers, 20.9* 12.0 cigarettes per day in benign smokers, and there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups [p< 0.05]. The malignant ratio also increased with the increasing smoking amount. Comparing the appearance of the nodule on chest films, 6 calcifications and 7 cavitations were found only in benign nodules, not in malignant nodules. Therefore, calcification and cavitation can be considered as preferential findings for benignity. Previous cancer history was also a significant factor deciding the prognosis of the nodule [p< 0.05]. The average diameter on chest X-ray was 3.07*0.82 cm in malignant nodules, 3.25*1.04 cm in benign nodules and there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups [p< 0.05]. The author used Bayes theorem to develop a simple method for combining individual clinical or radiological factors of patients with solitary nodules into an overall estimate of the probability that the nodule is malignant. In conclusion, patient age, smoking amount, appearance of nodule on chest film such as calcification and cavitation, and previous cancer history were found to be strongly associated with malignancy, but size of nodule was not associated with malignancy. Since these prognostic factors have been found retrospectively, prospective controlled studies are needed to determine whether these factors have really prognostic significance.