• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2004

The adsorption of heavy metals in the waste water carried out on the various domestic clays and waste pottery. The effect of parameters such as pH, temperature, adsorption time and coexisting cations on the adsorption ability and characteristics were investigated to find out whether the clays could be used as adsorbents. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 minutes on all the clays. The optimum pH was found to be above 5. When other cations such as Cu(II) or Zn(II) coexisted with Pb(II), the adsorption amount of Pb(II) decreased because of competing adsorption.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2015

Objective of this study was to investigate adsorption characteristics and kinetic models of $NH_4-N$ to biochar produced from rice hull in respective to mitigation of greenhouse gases. $NH_4-N$ concentration was analyzed by UV Spectrophotometer. For the experiment, the soil texture used in this study was sandy loam soil, and application rates of chemical fertilizer and pig compost were $420-200-370kgha^{-1}$ (N-P-K) and $5,500kgha^{-1}$ as recommended amount after soil test for corn cultivation. Biochar treatments were 0.2-5% to soil weight. Its adsorption characteristic was investigated with application of Langmuir isotherm, and pseudo-first order kinetic model and pseudo-second order kinetic model were used as kinetic models. Adsorption amount and removal rates of $NH_4-N$ were $39.3mg^{-1}$ and 28.0% in 0.2% biochar treatment, respectively. The sorption of $NH_4-N$ to biochar was fitted well by Langmiur model because it was observed that dimensionless constant ($R_L$) was 0.48. The maximum adsorption amount ($q_m$) and binding strength constant (b) were calculated as $4.1mgg^{-1}$ and $0.01Lmg^{-1}$ in Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was more appropriate than pseudo-first order kinetic model for high correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of pseudo-second order kinetic model. Therefore, biochar produced from rice hull could reduce $N_2O$ by adsorbing $NH_4-N$ to biochar cooperated in sandy loam soil.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1992

매장량(埋藏量)이 풍부한 peat를 중금속(重金屬) 흡착제(吸着劑)로서의 이용(利用) 가능성(可能性)을 확인(確認)하기 위한 실험(實驗)을 행한 결과(結果) 다음과 같았다. Peat의 입자(粒子)가 적을수록 중금속(重金屬) 흡착(吸着)이 효과적(效果的)이었으며 동일(同一) 농도용액(濃度溶液)에서 중금속(重金屬) 흡착량(吸着量)은 $Cu^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ > $Zn^{2+}$순(順) 이었다. Peat는 pH $4{\sim}5$사이에서 중금속(重金屬)의 최대흡착(最大吸着)이 일어났다. 중금속(重金屬) 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)할수록 중금속(重金屬)의 흡착량(吸着量)의 증가(增加)되었으나 흡착율(吸着率)은 감소(減少)되었다. Peat에 의한 중금속(重金屬) 이온흡착은 Freundlich 흡착등온식(吸着等溫式)에 잘 적용(適用)되므로 효과적(效果的)인 흡착제(吸着劑)로 생각되며 peat에 PEI(polyethylenimine)를 처리(處理)하면 중금속(重金屬)의 흡착량(吸着量)이 증가(增加)하여 효과적(效果的)이었다. 중금속(重金屬) 흡착후(吸着後) peat의 처리방법(處理方法)은 열량(熱量)이 풍부하여 연료원(燃料源)으로 사용후(使用後) 용량(容量)을 줄일 수 있어서 경제적(經濟的)인 처리방법(處理方法)으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1975

야산(野山)의 신개간지토양(新開墾地土壤)과 화산회토양(火山灰土壤)에 있어 특(特)히 문제(問題)가 되는 인산(燐酸)의 시비량(施肥量) 결정(決定)의 한 기준(基準)인 인산흡착력(燐酸吸着力)의 측정방법(測定方法)을 검토(檢討)할 목적(目的)으로 화산회토양(火山灰土壤)과 광질토양(鑛質土壤)(미경지(未耕地)및 기경지토양(旣耕地土壤))에 대(對)하여 인산흡착(燐酸吸着)에 관(關)한 시험(試驗)을 행(行)하였는바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. Langmuir 흡착식(吸着式)을 이용(利用)하여 구(求)한 인산(燐酸)의 최대흡착량(最大吸着量)은 기경지토양(旣耕地土壤)6.2~32.9, 미경지토양(未耕地土壤) 74.1~90.4, 화산회토양(火山灰土壤) 720~915mg.p/100g 이였다. 2. 인산흡수계수(燐酸吸收係數)는 기경지토양(旣耕地土壤)에서 116~179, 미경지토양(未耕地土壤)에서 161~259, 화산회토양(火山灰土壤)에서 1,098~1,205mg.p/l이며, 인산흡수계수(燐酸吸收係數)/Langmuir 최대흡착량(最大吸着量)의 비(比)는 인산흡착력(燐酸吸着力)이 큰 화산회토양(火山灰土壤)에서 적고 (1.3~1.5) 인산흡착력(燐酸吸着力)이 낮은 토양(土壤)일수록 컷다. (2.2~18.7) 3. 인산흡수계수(燐酸吸收係數)의 측정(測定)은 고농도(高濃度)의 인산용액(燐酸溶液)에서 행(行)하여 지므로 이로서는 석회(石灰) 또는 인산시용(燐酸施用)에 의(依)한 흡착량(吸着量)의 변동(變動)을 명확(明確)히 추정(推定)하기 어려우나, 저농도(低濃度)에서 측정(測定)한 농도별(濃度別) 인산흡착량(燐酸吸着量)및 Langmuir 흡착식(吸着式)을 이용(利用)하여 구(求)한 최대흡착량(最大吸着量)으로서는 흡착량(吸着量)의 변동추정(變動推定)을 분명(分明)히 할수 있었다. 4. 치환성(置換性) 알루미늄을 중화(中和)하기 위한 당량(當量)의 수산화(水酸化)칼슘을 가(加)하여 포장용수량(圃場容水量)에서 40일간(日間) 항온($25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$) 처리(處理)하므로서 치환성(置換性) 알루미늄 함량(含量)이 높은 광질토양(鑛質土壤)에서는 Langmuir 최대흡착량(最大吸着量)이 유의(有意)한 감소(減少)를 보였다. 5. 인산(燐酸)을 처리(處理)하여 50일간(日間) 포장용수량(圃場容水量) 상태에서 항온($25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$) 처리(處理)한 토양(土壤)에 대(對)하여 Langmuir 최대흡착량(最大吸着量)을 측정(測定)한바 최대흡착량(最大吸着量)에 상당(相當)하는 인산(燐酸)의 시용(施用)으로 화산회토양(火山灰土壤)은 25.5 미경지토양(未耕地土壤)은 54.4%, 기경지토양(旣耕地土壤)은 76.2%의 포화율(飽和率)을 나타내었다. 6. 토양(土壤)의 인산흡착량(燐酸吸着量)은 첨가인산(添加燐酸)의 농도(濃度)가 높아짐에 따라 곡선적(曲線的)으로 증가(增加)하여 어느 일정농도(一定濃度)에 이르면 흡착포화점(吸着飽和點)에 달(達)하며 광질토양(鑛質土壤)에서는 100mg.p/l, 화산회토양(火山灰土壤)에서는 1,000mg.p/l의 인산용액(燐酸溶液)으로 측정(測定)되는 인산흡착량(燐酸吸着量)은 Langmuir 최대흡착량(最大吸着量)에 매우 근사(近似)한 값을 나타내므로 이를 토양(土壤)의 인산흡착력(燐酸吸着力)을 나타내는 새로운 지표(指標)로 삼고 포화흡착량(飽和吸着量)이라 정의(定義)하였다. 7. 단일농도(單一濃度)에서 이루어지는 포화흡착량(飽和吸着量)의 측정(測定)으로 여러 농도(濃度)에서 인산(燐酸)의 흡착량(吸着量)을 구(求)하여야 하는 Langmuir 최대흡착량(最大吸着量) 측정(測定)의 번잡성(煩雜性)을 피(避)할 수 있어 이 방법(方法)은 실용적(實用的)인 방법(方法)으로 판단(判斷)되었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

본 연구는 모래, HAP, Zeolite, 혼합여재에 의한 비점오염원 흡착 반응을 조사하였다. 오수에 대한 모래, HAP, Zeolite와 혼합여재의 흡착은 연속적인 회분식 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 회분식 실험 후 COD, T-N, T-P를 통하여 분석하였다. kinetic model은 유사 1차반응을 통해 분석하였다. Langmuir와 Freundlich isotherm model을 사용하여 적용성을 조사하였다. COD 최대흡착량$(Q_{max})$의 값은 각각 모래 0.0511mg/g, HAP 0.1905mg/g, Zeolite 1.0366mg/g, Mixed media 0.7444mg/g T-N 최대흡착량$(Q_{max})$의 값은 각각 모래 0.0159mg/g, HAP 0.0537mg/g, Zeolite 0.5496mg/g, Mixed media 0.1374mg/g T-P 최대흡착량$(Q_{max})$의 값은 각각 모래 0.0202mg/g, HAP 0.1342mg/g, Zeolite 0.0462mg/g, Mixed media 0.1180mg/g 나타났다. 결과적으로 혼합여재는 비점오염원을 효과적으로 제거하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 석탄광산 배수(CMD)를 전기정화법으로 처리 시 발생되는 슬러지를 흡착제로 금속광산 산성배수(AMD)중 중금속 처리 시 pH와 온도변화에 따른 중금속 흡착 거동을 연구하고자 하였다. 실험결과 CMDS의 pH$_{zero\;point\; charge}$:(pH$_{zpc}$)는 5로 나타났다. pH영향의 경우 구리, 아연, 카드뮴, 철은 pH 증가에 따라 제거율은 증가하였고, 구리의 경우 흡착량은 pH와 상관없이 0.64 mg g$^{-1}$ sludge로 나타났다. pH 5 이상일 때 기타 중금속 흡착량은 pH3일 때의 1.1 배로 나타났고 크롬의 경우 pH 7 이상에서 다소 증가하였는데 이는 크롬이 $Cr(OH)_{6}^{3-}$형태로 미량 용출되었기 때문이다. 온도의 영향에서 pH3일때 온도증가에 따라 중금속 흡착량은 증가하였고, 선택도Cd>Fe>Zn>Cu순으로 나타났다. pH 5이상에서 최대 흡착량(q$_{max}$)은 Cu와 Zn의 경우 각각 2.747mg g$^{-1}$와 2.525mg g$^{-1}$로 더 이상의 흡착이 일어나지 않아 온도의 영향을 받지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2008

Adsorption process is largely influenced by pore structures of adsorbents and physical properties of adsorbates and adsorbents. The previous studies of this laboratory was focused on the role of pore structures of adsorbents. And we found some pores of adsorbates which have larger pore diameters than the diameter of adsorbate are filled with easily. In this study the effects of physical and chemical properties of adsorbates and adsorbents, such as pore size distribution, vapor pressure on adsorption were investigated more thoroughly at the concentration of adsorbate of 1000 ppm. The adsorption in the pore ranges of $2{\sim}4$ times of adsorbates's diameter could be explained by space filling concept. But there was some condensation phenomena at larger pore ranges. The errors between the adsorbed amount of non-polar adsorbates and the calculated amounts by considering factors were found to be 44.46%, positively, and -142%, negatively. When vapor pressure is considered, the errors between the adsorbed amount of non-polar adsorbates and the calculated amounts were in the range of $1.69%{\sim}32.25%$ positively, and negatively $-1.08%{\sim}-63.10%$.

• Carbon letters
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2008

Oxidized activated carbons were prepared by reacting steam-activated carbon developed from pecan shells with nitric acid of varying strength (15, 30, 45 and 60%). The textural properties and the chemistry of the surface of the non-oxidized and of the oxidized carbons were determined from nitrogen adsorption and base neutralization capacities. The uptake of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by these carbons was determined by kinetic and equilibrium experiments as well as by the column method. Treatment with nitric acid brought about drastic decrease in surface area and remarkable increase in the pore size of the carbon with these changes depending on the strength of nitric acid. Nitric acid increased the surface acidity by developing new surface oxygen functional groups of acidic nature. $HNO_3$-oxidized carbons exhibited high adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Cd(II). The adsorption of these ions increased with the decrease of the surface pH of the carbon and with the increase of the solution pH from 2.5 to 6 and 7. The amount adsorbed from lead and cadmium was also related to the amount of surface acidity, the pH of the point of zero charge and on some metal ion parameters. Cadmium and lead uptake by the investigated carbons followed pseudo-second order model and the equilibrium sorption data fitted Langmuir adsorption model.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2017

Polyelectrolytes are commonly used as flocculants in drinking water treatment. However the growing concerns about their toxicity have motivated the search for biocompatible flocculants. Here, we show that gelatin, a natural amphoteric polyelectrolyte, can be effectively adsorbed on clay surfaces and can potentially be a suitable substitute for existing flocculants. The adsorption of gelatin from its aqueous solution onto the mineral clay surfaces at different conditions was systematically investigated using the design of experiments methodology. The gelatin adsorption was found to vary considerately with pH variation showed a maximum adsorption at its isoelectric point. The amount of adsorbed gelation increased with increasing pH from 3 to 5, attained a maximum at pH 5 and then decreased with increasing pH from 5 to 11. Similarly, the amount of adsorbed gelatin showed decreasing trends around salt concentration of 0.05 M and temperature $35^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the adsorption was continuously increased with time and polymer concentration in the range of 0.1-0.9 mg/dL. Finally, the jar tests confirmed the ability of gelatin for using a natural flocculant for water treatment.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 1997

When the light metals such as $Ca^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ were added to heavy metal solution, the adsorption of heavy metals was increased by 20 to 30% more, but there were no differences between species. $Pb^{++}$ was the most adsorbed metal(99.5%), and the adsorption ratio of $Cd^{++}$ was significantly improved. In addition, when the light metal concentration was increased to 100ppm, the adsoption ratios of all four heavy metals were reached to 92 to 99%, while coniferous barks showed only 85 to 92%. On the mixture of four heavy metals, the adsorbed amount of each metal was significantly reduced, compared with that of one heavy metal, while $Zn^{++}$ showed the adsorption improvement to 95%. On the column experiment, $Pb^{++}$ was almost completely adsorbed in the upper part of column, and the adsorbed amount of $Cu^{++}$ was gradually decreased depending on column depth. However, $Cd^{++}$ and $Zn^{++}$ were not influenced by column height, and constantly adsorbed on various column height. Based on the above results, each heavy metal had different adsorption mechanism.