• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 1998

A series of long chain N-acyl amino acid type anionic surfactants were prepared by treating fatty acid chlorides with three kinds of amino acids, that is, sodium N-acyl-sarcosinates, sodium N-acyl-N-methyl-${\beta}$-alaninates and sodium N-acyl-N-methyl-taurates in an alkaline solution. All prepared biodegradable surfactants were purified by thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, and identified their structures by spectral analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3738-3742
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• 2011

Bismuth tribromide ($BiBr_3$) catalyzed Mannich-type reactions of N-acyliminium ions which generated in situ from N-benzyloxycarbonylamino p-tolylsulfones have been developed. In the presence of catalytic amount of $BiBr_3$, N-benzyloxycarbonylamino p-tolylsulfones prepared from aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes reacted with silyl enol ether and silyl enol ester under mild reaction conditions to afford N-Cbz-protected ${\beta}$-amino ketones and N-Cbz-protected ${\beta}$-amino esters in moderate to good yield, respectively.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2017

It was confirmed that the silicon thin films fabricated on the p-Si (100) substrates by using DIPAS (DiIsoPropylAminoSilane) and TDMA-Sb (Tris-DiMethylAminoAntimony) sources by RPCVD method were amorphous and n-type silicon. The fabricated amorphous n-type silicon films had electron carrier concentrations and electron mobilities ranged from $6.83{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$ to $1.27{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ and from 62 to $89cm^2/V{\cdot}s$, respectively. The ideality factor of the pn junction diode fabricated on the p-Si (100) substrate was about 1.19 and the efficiency of the fabricated pn solar cell was 10.87%.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.348-352
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• 2011

In this research, we have synthesized new pendant-type polyurethane polymers by introducing various chromophores with stilbene derivatives in the side-chain of the polymer backbone. The Stilbene monomers, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino-4'-cyanostilbene, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-methoxy stilbene, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-acetylstilbene, and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino stilbene, were synthesized by Wittig reaction. Another stilbene monomer, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-nitrostilbene, was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation. By the measurement of UV-Vis absorption and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, we found that introduction of the electron-withdrawing group as a substituent shifts both UV-Vis and PL spectra to longer wavelength, and the introduction of the electron-donating group results in blue-shift of the spectrum. In case of polymer with $NO_2$ group as a substituent, PL is quenched.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.176-181
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of yucca extract on the quality characteristics of Chungkookjang using Bacillus subtilis p01. The changes in the contents of amino-type N, ammonia type N, volatile compounds and organic acids, and those in the activities of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protease were also determined during aging of Chungkookjang. The amount of amino-type N increased gradually with time for aging. The content of amino-type N was slightly higher in Chungkookjang fermented by adding yucca extract than in the control without yucca extract. The content of ammonia-type N was slightly lower in Chungkookjang with yucca extract than in the control without yucca extract. The activities of amylase and protease were higher in Chungkookjang with yucca extract than in the control and the highest in Chungkookjang containing 0.5 mg/g of yucca extract. Organic acid contents in Chungkookjang was the highest at the initial period of fermentation. The contents of organic acids in Chungkookjang with yucca extract was higher than that in control for 48 hr of aging. The amounts of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine were increased by addition of yucca extract, while those of cis-3-hexanol were decreased.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1970

Human Bence Jones Protein could be purified by DEAF-Sephadex A-50 column $(2{\times}37cm)$ with 0.02M phosphate Buffer (pH 8.0) and gradient increasing with NaCl concentration as in Fig. 2-4. Sample As (K-type Bence Jones Protein) had two component, F-I was major component and its dried weight was 350mg. of starting material of 500mg. Other Sample Im and Ik (${\lambda}$-type Bence Jones Protein) was purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 with 0.02M phosphate Buffer(pH 8.0)too. F-I (major component) of Im and F-I of Ik were 242mg and 146mg. its dried weight respectively. K-type of Bence Jones Protein's(As, Ko, Ta.) N-terminal amino acid residue was determined by method of DNP,. K-type of Bence Jones Protein's amino acid residue were either glutamic acid or aspartic acid. Sample Ta was confirmed as glutamic acid its N-Terminal. As and Ko were aspartic acid. Each yellowish spot (DNP-amino acids) were extracted with 4ml. of pH 8.05% $NaHCO_3$ solution and calculated its recovery by O.D. $(360m{\mu}$ using the ${\varepsilon}=18.1{\times}10^3DNP$ $Asp\;{\varepsilon}=17.41{\times}10^(3)\;DNP\;Glu$ considering 50% lose during; the acid (6N-HCI) hydrolysis. Recovery of ko and As were 54.3% and 65% of its starting materials (DNP-Protein). Sample Ta's recovery was 85% of its DNP-protein. ${\lambda}$-type of Bence Jones Protein was rot investigated its N-terminal amino acid residue by DNP-method, probably it was blocked its N-terminal residue with glutamic acid.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1979

3-Amino-2-phenylthietane derivatives were considered as a useful tool to elusidate the mechanism of inhibiton of MAO by tranylcypromine-type inhitors. The synthesis of 3-benzoylamino-2-phenylthieetane, 3-amino-2-phenylthietane, and 3-N, N-dimentylamino-2-p-nitrophenythietane was attempted using the reaction between 1, 3 dihalogeno alkanes with alkali sulfide. When 1-pheny1-1, 3-dihalo-2-benzolaminopropane was treated with sodium sulfide, 2-pheny 1-4 benzylidene-2-oxazoline was isolated, indicating the case of elimination reaction compared to ring formation. The reaction of 1-p-nitropheny1-1, 3-dichloro-2-N, N-dimethylaminopropane with sodium sulfide gave bis (1-p-nitropheny1-2-N, N-dimethylamino-3-chloropropane)sulfide. The mechanism of reaction was discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2008

The disease-specific (dsp) region and the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes, including the hrpW, $hrpN_{Ep}$, and hrpC operons have previously been sequenced in Erwinia pyrifoliae WT3 [Shrestha et al. (2005a)]. In this study, the remaining hrp genes, including the hrpC, hrpA, hrpS, hrpXY, hrpL and hrpJ operons, were determined. The hrp genes cluster (ca. 38 kb) was comprised of eight transcriptional units and contained nine hrc (hrp conserved) genes. The genetic organization of the hrp/hrc genes and their orientation for the transcriptions were also similar to and collinear with those of E. amylovora, showing ${\geq}80%$ homologies. However, ORFU1 and ORFU2 of unknown functions, present between the hrpA and hrpS operons of E. amylovora, were absent in E. pyrifoliae. To determine the HR active domains, several proteins were prepared from truncated fragments of the N-terminal and the C-terminal regions of $HrpN_{Ep}$ protein of E. pyrifoliae. The proteins prepared from the N-terminal region elicited HR, but not from those of the C-terminal region indicating that HR active domains are located in only N-terminal region of the $HrpN_{Ep}$ protein. Two synthetic oligopeptides produced HR on tobacco confirming presence of two HR active domains in the $HrpN_{Ep}$. The HR positive N-terminal fragment ($HN{\Delta}C187$) was further narrowed down by deleting C-terminal amino acids and internal amino acids to investigate whether amino acid insertion region have role in faster and stronger HR activity in $HrpN_{Ep}$ than $HrpN_{Ea}$. The $HrpN_{Ep}$ mutant proteins $HN{\Delta}C187$ (D1AIR), $HN{\Delta}C187$ (D2AIR) and $HN{\Delta}C187$ (DM41) retained similar HR activation to that of wild-type $HrpN_{Ep}$. However, the $HrpN_{Ep}$ mutant protein $HN{\Delta}C187$ (D3AIR) lacking third amino acid insertion region (102 to 113 aa) reduced HR when compared to that of wild-type $HrpN_{Ep}$. Reduction in HR elicitation could not be observed when single amino acids at different positions were substituted at third amino acids insertion region. But, substitution of amino acids at L103R, L106K and L110R showed reduction in HR activity on tobacco suggesting their importance in activation of HR faster in the $HrpN_{Ep}$ although it requires further detailed analysis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.51
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• pp.17.1-17.10
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• 2021

Our previous study on the binding activity between Cel5H and clay minerals showed highest binding efficiency among other cellulase enzymes cloned. Here, based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the positive amino acids on the surface of Cel5H protein may play an important role in binding to clay surfaces. To examine this, protein sequences of Bacillus licheniformis Cel5H (BlCel5H) and Paenibacillus polymyxa Cel5A (PpCel5A) were analyzed and then selected amino acids were mutated. These mutated proteins were investigated for binding activity and force measurement via atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of seven amino acids which are only present in BlCel5H but not in PpCel5A were selected for mutational studies and the positive residues which are present in both were omitted. Of the seven selected surface lysine residues, only three mutants K196A(M2), K54A(M3) and K157T(M4) showed 12%, 7% and 8% less clay mineral binding ability, respectively compared with wild-type. The probable reason why other mutants did not show altered binding efficiency might be due to relative location of amino acids on the protein surface. Meanwhile, measurement of adhesion forces on mica sheets showed a well-defined maximum at 69±19 pN for wild-type, 58±19 pN for M2, 53±19 pN for M3, and 49±19 pN for M4 proteins. Hence, our results demonstrated that relative location of surface amino acids of Cel5H protein especially positive charged amino acids are important in the process of clay mineral-protein binding interaction through electrostatic exchange of charges.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.428-432
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• 1996

Amino acid cobalt(Ⅲ) complexes of 1,3-diminopropane-N,N'-di-α-(β-methyl)-pentanoic acid (H2dpdmp), uns-cis-[Co(dpdmp)(aa)] (aa=glycine, S-alanine, R-aspartic acid, sarcosine) have been prepared from the reaction between the uns-cis-[Co(dpdmp)Cl2]- complex and the corresponding amino acid. In the reaction with the uns-cis-[Co(dpdmp)Cl2]- complex, glycine and S-alanine have yielded both merridional and facial isomers, while R-aspartic acid and sarcosine, only merridional isomers. The stereospecific substitution reaction of R-aspartic acid to racemic uns-cis-[Co(dpdmp)Cl2]- complex has yielded two merridional diastereomers; ΛR-uns-cis- and ΛR-uns-cis-[Co(dpdmp)(R-asp)]. It is of interest to note that this is one of the few CoⅢ(ONNO)(aa) type complex preparations, which gives only one isomer with stereospecificity. On the other hand, two merridional products obtained from the reaction of sarcosine with racemic uns-cis-[Co(dpdmp)Cl2]- are turned out to be mixtures of optical isomers.