• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2004

본 연구는 콩, 메주, 그리고 된장을 제조하여 장기간(12개월) 숙성시키는 과정 중에 아미노산성질소, 아미노산, 유리아미노산 및 색도의 변화를 관찰하고자 수행되었다 된장의 제조는 한국식품개발원의 지침에 따라 수행하였으며 제조 직후, 6개월 숙성 및 12개월 숙성 후에 시료를 분석하였다. 된장의 아미노산성질소는 제조 직후에는 콩과 메주에 비하여 높았으나(p〈0.05)숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. 된장의 아미노산 총량은 콩보다 매우 낮았으나 유리아미노산 총량은 매우 높았다(p〈0.05). 된장의 아미노산 총량은 숙성 중 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 유리아미노산 총량은 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 아미노산에 대한 유리아미노산의 비율 (유리율)은 총량으로 콩의 경우 0.8%, 메주의 경우 17.3%, 그리고 된장의 경우 숙성 중 20.4∼32.9%이었다. 된장의 숙성중 아미노산이나 유리아미노산의 조성은 변화되었으나 어느 시점에서나 지미 성분인 glutamic acid가 가장 많이 검출되었으며, 그 유리율은 21.1∼41.3%이었다. 된장의 색도(명도, 적색도 및 황색도)는 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 낮아졌다. 이로부터 된장의 아미노산 함량은 비록 콩에 비하여 매우 낮지만, 아미노산 유리율은 메주의 제조와 발효로부터 증가되고 된장의 숙성과정에서 더욱 증가되는 것을 알 수 있다. 된장의 아미노산성질소, 아미노산 및 색도에 의한 관능적 품질은 숙성 12개월 후에는 떨어지는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.785-790
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• 2011

This study investigated the nutritive quality of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed either moist pellet (MP) or moist pellet mixed with mushroom extract (MPME) for 6 months. There was no significant difference in crude protein or extractive nitrogen in the muscle of flounder fed MP versus MPME (P > 0.05). The total amino acid content in the muscle of flounder fed MP was $15.22{\pm}5.24$ g/100 g, compared to $19.90{\pm}2.90$ g/100 g for flounder fed MPME. Essential amino acid content was $7.04{\pm}2.21$ g/100 g in the muscle of flounder fed MP versus $8.94{\pm}2.50$ g/100 g for MPME. Total amino acid content was higher in the muscle of olive flounder fed MPME, while essential amino acid content was higher in flounder fed MP. The ratio of non-essential amino acids to essential amino acids was $0.86{\pm}0.07$ for flounder fed MP and $0.81{\pm}0.08$ for flounder fed MPME. There was no significant difference in free amino acid content and fatty acid composition. The breaking strength of muscle of olive flounder fed MP was higher ($1.44{\pm}0.51\;kg/cm^2$) than in flounder fed MPME ($1.29{\pm}0.30\;kg/cm^2$). There was no evidence that dietary additives, such as mushroom extract, increase growth rate or nutritive quality of olive flounder.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1987

For the amino-N -ratio and N- solubity, irradiated samples were higher than non - irradiated them, that is, 15KGy(l9, 72), 7KGy(l9, 55) of amino-N-ratio were more those of 5KGy(17. 91) and l0KGy(l8, 06). during the fermentation of samples. For the Solubility of nitrogen, irradiated samples were decreased sequencely, such as 10KGy, 7KGy, 15KGy and 5KGy. For the amounts of amino acid, Content of the glutamic acid was the highest in the all samples and the main free amino acids in the Steamed Soybeans Were glutamic acid, proline, arginine, and alanine etc. However the amount of amino acid in the irradiated Sample was notably increased in Comparison with the nonirradiated $(10.8017\%)$ and 7KGy amino acid $(15.4166\%)$ was highest.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2013

To characterize the food components of two mussels (wild hard-shelled mussel (HM) Mytilus coruscus, and cultured sea mussel (SM) Mytilus edulis) in Korea, we examined the proximate composition, fatty composition, amino acid/mineral content, texture, collagen content and chemical and taste compounds. Regarding the proximate composition, HM had lower moisture levels and higher crude protein and carbohydrate contents than SM. The amino nitrogen, volatile basic nitrogen and total amino acid contents of HM and SM were 250.6 and 227.3 mg/100 g, 11.2 and 12.0 mg/100 g, and 17,451.1 and 15,334.8 mg/100 g, respectively. The major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, lysine and arginine. The major fatty acids of HM and SM were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, which did not differ significantly between the two mussels. HM had a higher n-3 polyene ratio, and a lower saturate and monoene ratio than SM. Regarding the taste-active compounds, the free amino acid contents of HM and SM were 1,116.5 and 961.8 mg/100 g, respectively, and the major free amino acids were taurine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, citrulline, lysine and arginine. The primary minerals in both HM and SM were Na, Cl, K and P which did not differ significantly between the two mussels. The soluble and insolube collagen contents of HM and SM were 265.8 and 228.4 mg/100 g, and 119.5 and 121.8 mg/100 g, respectively.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.820-825
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 경제적 측면에서 일반 소금보다 우수한 해양심층수 소금을 이용하여 간장을 제조한 후 발효기간에 따른 품질특성을 조사하였다. pH와 완충능은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 순추출물의 함량은 점차 증가하여 발효 120일째에 7.5%로 나타났다. 간장의 갈색화는 발효 30일 째에 대부분의 갈색화가 진행되었다. 총질소와 아미노태 질소는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하여 발효 12일째 각각 1.4%와 0.75%를 나타내었다. 유리아미노산의 함량은 179.8~315.7 mg%가 검출되었으며, 발효기간이 증가함에 따라 점차 함량이 증가하였다. 발효 전 기간에 걸쳐 glutamic acid가 가장 많았으며, alanine, lysine 및 leucine의 순으로 많았다. 총 유리 아미노산에 대한 glutamic acid의 비율은 21.0~23.2%였으며, 필수아미노산의 함량은 발효 30일째에 78~142.3 mg%가 검출되었으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 그 함량도 증가하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.916-922
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate changes in organoleptic properties and taste components including free sugar, organic acid and free amino acid with addition of walnut. Changes in total nitrogen were insignificantly different with addition of walnut. Amino type nitrogen content was decreased in proportion to supplemental level of walnut. Content of organic acids, of which three kinds were detected, such as citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid increased more than two times with addition of walnut. Contents of free sugar and amino acid were decreased with addition of walnut. The proportion of essential amino acid was 40.6~41.4 percent. Glutamic acid in total amino acid was increased in proportion with addition of walnut. The highest sensory evaluation score was recorded in soy sauce with addition of 2 percent walnut. Together, it was expected that 2 percent addition of walnut to soy sauce has a positive effect on the taste of soy sauce.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

누룩을 이용한 전통발효 현미식초와 효모를 이용한 상업적인 현미식초의 원료 함량에 따른 품질변화를 조사하기 위하여, $120{\sim}360\;g/kg$의 원료함량 조건에서 현미식초를 제조하였고, 총질소, 유리당, 유기산, 무기질 및 아미노산 함량을 비교하였다. 누룩을 이용하여 제조한 현미식초는 원료함량 200 g/kg이하에서 초산발효가 이루어 지지 않은 반면, 효모를 이용하여 제조한 현미식초의 경우 원료함량 120 g/kg 이하에서 초산발효가 이루어지지 않았다. 총질소함량의 경우, 누룩을 이용하여 제조한 현미식초가 $350{\sim}460\;mg/100g$의 범위를 나타내어, 효모를 이용하여 제조한 현미식초의 $100{\sim}140\;mg/100g$의 범위보다 $2.0{\sim}4.6$배 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유리당, 유기산, 무기질 및 아미노산 함량의 경우에서도 총질소와 유사한 경향을 나타내어, 누룩을 이용하여 제조한 전통발효 현미식초가 효모를 이용하여 제조한 현미식초보다 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 원료함량이 증가할수록 그 함량은 더욱 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 유리당의 경우, 원료 함량 36%인 전통 발효 현미식초의 glucose 함량이 3.45 g/100 g으로 효모를 이용한 발효 식초에 비하여 2배 이상 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 유기산에서도 2.5배 이상 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 아미노산 함량의 경우, 원료함량 36%인 전통 발효 현미식초의 총 아미노산 함량이 $6088.22\;{\mu}g/mL$로서 효모를 이용한 현미 식초의 $1194.05{\mu}g/mL$보다 5배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2006

Amino acid imbalances refer to the deleterious effects that occur when a second-limiting amino acid or mixture of amino acid lacking a particular limiting amino acid is supplemented in diets marginal in one or more indispensable amino acids. In spite of variation in the conditions that have been used to induce amino acid imbalances, such as protein level in the diet, the extent of difference in total nitrogen content between basal and imbalanced diets, and kinds of amino acids used as imbalancing agents, the conspicuous common features of amino acid imbalances have been a decreased concentration of the limiting amino acid in blood, depression of feed intake and weight gain, and increased dietary content of the limiting amino acid needed to correct the imbalances. There is strong evidence that a decrease in the concentration of a limiting amino acid detected in the anterior prepyriform cortex of the brain is followed by behavioral effects, especially a decrease in feed intake. This might be due to the competition between the limiting amino acid and the amino acids in the imbalancing mixture for transport from blood into brain. One of the biochemical responses of animals fed amino acid imbalanced diets is a rapid decrease in the concentration of the limiting amino acid, which are due in part to an increase in catabolism of the limiting amino acid by the increased activities of enzymes involved in the catabolism of the amino acid. Practically, specific amino acid imbalances could be induced in swine and poultry diets that have been supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan when threonine, isoleucine, valine, etc. are potentially third- or fourth-limiting in diets. In these cases supplementation of the limiting amino acid could be beneficial in preventing the decrease of feed intake that could otherwise occur as a result of amino acid imbalance.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.210-214
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• 1973

한국 재래식 장류 및 개량식 제품과 중간 가공물인 메주와 koji-mix 및 원료 대두에 대한 아미노산 조성과 available lysine 함량을 분석하고 이로부터 각 제품의 단백질 품질평가를 시도하였으며 Eggum의 단백질 chemical score와 biological value 와의 상관회귀 방정식을 이용하여 각 제품 단백질의 대략적인 biological value를 추산하였다. 메주용 대두의 amino-N 함량은 총 질소량의 85%에 달하나 장류 제품에는 총 질소량의 약 75%의 amino-N 함량으로 감소하는 반면 $NH_3-N$ 과 기타 N-compounds 함량이 증가한다. 이중 가내제조된 간장은 예외적으로 낮아 총 질소량의 53%에 불과한 amino-N을 함유하고 있다. 장류제조에서 재래식 방법과 개량식 제품 단백질의 질적변화의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않으며, 메주제조 단계까지는 원료 대두단백질의 영양가가 크게 손상되지 않으나 사임 담금이후 후숙 분리과정에서 단백가가 크게 손상되어 제품의 단백가는 원료 대두 단백질의 약 1/2에 불과한 chemical score를 나타내며 약 $1/3{\sim}1/2$에 미달되는 낮은 lysine 가용도를 갖게된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1980

In order to identify the taste components of Kochuzang (red pepper paste), glutinous rice Kochuzang were prepared with addition of Saccharomyces rouxii and Torulopsis versatilis respectively. The nitrogen compounds were determined during the fermentation period at intervals and the amino acid components of 210 days aged glutinous rice Kochuzang were measured. Results are as follows; 1) The increment of amino-N and soluble-N of Kochuzang were increased remarkably during fermentation period untill 60 day but after that period, the increment was slowly changed. 2) Ammonia-N of Kochuzang was increased slowly during aging period but after that time, the amount was decreased slightly. 3) Amino-N ratio and Nitrogen solubility of 300 days aged Kochuzang were 23.71-25.38% and 54.12-56.19% respectively. 4) 17 Kinds of amino acid were identified at 210 days aged Kochuzang those were Lysine, Histidine, Arginine, Aspartic acid, Threonine, Serine, Glutamic acid, Proline, Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophane and Tyrosine. 5) Total amino acids were 3.5-4.1% which consists of Glutamic acid, 0.95-1.05%, Aspartic acid, 0.63-0.65% and Serine, Proline, Alanine, Valine, Leucine were 0.22-0.28% respectively but Methionine, Histidine and Arginine were below 0.1%, and Tyrosine, Tryptophane and Phenylalanine existed in Kochuzang in small quantities.